The height of trunk directly affects the space utilization rate, permeability, yield, quality and efficiency of orchard operation. Considering all kinds of factors, the trunk height of dense planting garden should be 60 cm, the height of dense planting garden should be 60 ~ 80 cm, and the height of ultra-high density planting garden should be increased to 80 ~ 100 cm.
(2) Tree structure
Elegant structure is simple, technical requirements are not high, standardization and standardized operation are easy to realize, and beginners can operate after simple training. The inner and outer branches of the two main branches are evenly distributed, which can make full use of the space and light energy of the orchard and maximize the production efficiency. It is recommended to be used in production.
(3) Prevent the middle and lower parts of main branches from being exposed.
Branches or branches in the middle and lower part of the main branches of peach trees tend to grow weakly, die after 2-3 years, and the fruiting parts move out rapidly, which leads to a significant decline in the effective fruiting amount and productivity of peach trees. The primary reason for this phenomenon is the excessive pruning of the extension branches of the main branches, followed by poor lighting. Therefore, the growth of the top should be weakened by adjusting the opening angle of the main branch, lightly cutting the extension branches of the main branch, and retaining the fruits of the secondary branches, so as to achieve high quality and high yield in the early stage and effectively maintain the stress balance of all parts of the tree, which not only greatly improves the yield and fruit quality, but also solves the problem of partial outward migration of peach fruits.
(4) Tree control
In recent years, the planting density of peach orchards in China has been increasing, with 1000 ~ 1500 plants per hectare. Therefore, effectively controlling the size of the tree has become a very prominent and important issue. The solution is to change the pruning method of the outer branches of the crown when the size of the tree is about to reach the predetermined size, including the extension branches of the main branches, side branches and the leading branches of the large branches, and transform them into fruiting branches in time and make them bear fruit. After the results, the branches beyond the designed size range of the crown will be thinned or shrunk. If you do this every year, you can always keep the size of the tree within the original range.
(5) Life span of branches and buds
The life span of peach branch buds is relatively short. In addition to genetic factors, the life span of branch buds mainly depends on the nutritional status of branch buds. Good nutrition and long life, and vice versa. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of short life of branches and buds, we should first adjust the angle of main branches, change the pruning method, weaken the growth potential of backbone branches and branches, and remove the clustered branches on the back of backbone branches, so that the growth potential of branches in different parts of the crown tends to be balanced, thus eliminating the fierce nutritional competition between strong and weak branches and making all kinds of branches get good water and mineral nutrition supply. Secondly, reasonably control the density of branches and leaves in different parts of the crown, maintain good ventilation and light transmission, so that the leaves on all branches maintain a high photosynthetic rate and make all branches have good carbon nutrition.
(6) Configuration of fruit branches
The fruiting branch group is the fruiting unit planted on the main lateral branch. According to the space occupied and the number of fruiting branches, it can be divided into three categories: large, medium and small. Large branches occupy a large space, and are generally composed of more than 10 fruiting branches, with a large number of fruiting branches and long service life. Branchlets occupy a small space, generally composed of less than 5 fruiting branches, with few fruits and short life span, and generally decline within 3 ~ 5 years. Medium-sized branches are in between. Various branches can be transformed into each other in the process of cultivation, development and decline.
Rational distribution of branches is one of the key measures to prolong high-yield life. Generally, large, medium and small branches should be arranged alternately. In high-density planting, twigs are the main ones. Ultra-high density cultivation, each tree is equivalent to 1, 2 big branches.
A certain distance must be kept between branches. The spacing between big branches in the same direction should be 50 ~ 60 cm, and the spacing between middle branches should be greater than 30 ~ 40 cm. The middle branch is the main branch on the back, and the middle branch is the main branch on the back and side. In short, it is necessary to achieve orderly density, balanced growth, compact arrangement and no crowding.