Question 2: How to plant Sakyamuni (commonly known as Guo Fan Li Zhi) requires the annual average temperature to be above 22 degrees, which is not cold-resistant; Suitable for deep fertile sandy loam with good drainage.
Choose the soil with good irrigation and drainage and loose soil to build the garden, and plant it in spring, with the row spacing of 2×3 meters. About 0.3kg of lime, 30kg of garbage mixed fertilizer, 0.5kg of phosphate fertilizer, 0.5kg of soaked animal manure 10-15kg, 0.2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate10kg of compound fertilizer should be applied to the planting hole. After planting, young trees should be fertilized frequently and thinly. Generally, new shoots are fertilized twice for every 65,438+0 times of culture, and 65,438+0 times for bud stage and when the new shoots grow to 40cm. The fertilizer is mainly available nitrogen, and each plant can be applied with 2 5-5kg bran water and 0.3% urea, or 50g urea and 25g potassium chloride. Combined with soil improvement in winter, organic fertilizer 1 time and chicken manure 15kg were applied to each plant. Apply 0.5 kg of lime to each plant in winter and spring. Results Fertilization of trees is carried out around promoting the health of spring shoots and summer shoots, promoting the differentiation of flower buds of one or two fruits, setting strong fruits, improving soil and promoting root development. Attention should be paid to the application of organic fertilizer and lime, the ratio and adjustment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in each phenological period, and the coordination of late-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, and fertilization should be carried out six times a year. AP annona is not afraid of drought and water accumulation, so attention should be paid to eliminating water accumulation in time in rainy season, which is prone to root rot; In case of drought and wrinkled leaves, water should be sprayed immediately, and soil moisture balance should be maintained during fruit setting to avoid cracking and falling off of fruits due to long-term drought and showers. AP annona should be cultivated in a planned way, and the pruning of young trees should focus on shaping, which will lay the foundation for early fruiting and high yield. The method of picking the heart and leaves should be adopted to promote branching and cultivate short, multi-branched and evenly distributed round crowns as soon as possible. Cut the top at the height of 40-50 cm in the trunk, and cut off 3-4 leaves in the middle and upper part of the trunk to promote the retention of 3-4 main branches. In the same way, 2-3 auxiliary main branches are promoted to be reserved on the main branches, and tertiary branches are promoted to be reserved on the auxiliary main branches, so that excessive and weak branches can be thinned out in time. Results Fruits were pruned 1 time every year after harvest, and the time was around mid-March. At this time, most of the bud eyes of deciduous branches began to sprout. The method is as follows: the big branches on the periphery of the crown are retracted and trimmed to the third or fourth branches, and after retraction, pile heads with a length of 20-30 cm are left, and the pile heads are required to be evenly distributed in the crown in an umbrella shape; Branches with a diameter greater than 0.5 cm in the crown cavity are generally reserved for retraction and pruning; The remaining weak branches and over-dense branches are sparse from the base. After re-cutting in spring, pay attention to timely thinning when the shoots grow to 5- 10 cm, and leave 2-3 evenly distributed new branches in each branch pile; When the fruiting branches or vegetative branches of new shoots are 30-40 cm long, they should be picked in time and pruned in summer according to the adjustment of production period. The method of removing the top and leaves can promote the growth and flowering of new shoots, thus adjusting the flowering period and fruit period. In Zhanjiang area, AP annona needs artificial pollination in April to strive for early fruit. At about 5 pm, taking other blooming flowers and applying pollen to the stigma of slightly or half-opened flowers with a soft brush can significantly increase the fruit setting, increase the number of fruit shapes and improve the fruit quality. In June, leaves should be cut and flowers should be promoted in various periods. According to the need, arranging flower promotion and pollination in different months can achieve the purpose of adjusting the fruiting period and extending the fruiting period from September to March of the following year.
Question 3: Land Cultivation Techniques of Winter Melon in June Winter Melon is a good storage-resistant vegetable with low planting cost and high yield. The high-yield cultivation experience of wax gourd is introduced as follows.
First, sow early and plant early.
1. Sowing time. During the rainy period in beginning of spring, sowing early is better than sowing late, which can not only plant early, but also strive to bear fruit before the rainy season. After fruit setting, the high temperature and rainy conditions in May and June can be used to meet the development needs of wax gourd.
2. Seedling raising technology. Choose plots with good fertilizer and water, sow wax gourd seeds soaked in new high-fat film to accelerate germination, cover them with straw, and then cover them with film when the temperature is low, so as to cultivate strong wax gourd seedlings and prevent "bean sprouts".
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. After careful soil preparation, dig a hole in the border, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer 1000~ 1500 kg as base fertilizer per mu, and apply it in the planting hole and mix it with the soil in the planting hole.
4. planting. Planting holes are generally selected in the center of the border, with a hole distance of 0.6 meters, and about 600 plants are planted per mu. When transplanting seedlings, you can move the soil. After planting, spray foot root water in time and spray a new high-fat film. After transplanting seedlings, spraying new high-fat film can effectively prevent evaporation and transpiration of seedlings, isolate pests and diseases, shorten the slow seedling stage, quickly adapt to the healthy growth of new environment, and spread straw around seedlings. Wax gourd seedlings do not need a lot of fertilization.
Second, the management technology of drawing vines and setting fruits on the shelf
1. Erection method. Three bamboo poles are used to build a tripod, and the bracket is fixed with a horizontal bamboo pole. When the vines grow to 18~20 leaves, they should be put on the shelves in time.
2. fruit management. (1) The fruit setting time is around the rainy season in early spring; (2) Generally, the selected melon shape should be cylindrical, and the rest should be removed; (3) The best fruit-setting node position is 2 1~32, which means it is more likely to promote the second to fourth female flowers of the main vine to set fruit and bear big melons; (4) The main vine is topped, and 8- 12 top leaves are reserved after fruit setting, and the main vine is topped, which destroys the growing point and keeps the effective leaves of the plant at 35-40. Spraying Zhuangguadiling in time can thicken the pedicel of melon, strengthen the directional transport of nutrition, promote the rapid development of melon, make the melon beautiful in shape and delicious in juice, and do not fall off during the growth cycle.
3. Fertilizer and water management. The important time for fertilization is 10~ 15 days after fruit setting. In the middle stage of fruit development, that is, after fruit setting 15~25 days, we should continue to provide sufficient fertilizer and water; In the later stage of fruit development, that is, after 25 days of fruit setting, if the leaves and vines of plants grow normally, there is generally no need to fertilize again to keep the soil moist.
4. Control pests and diseases. The main pests of wax gourd are thrips and fruit flies, which will directly affect the fruit setting of wax gourd, so spray pesticides in time.
Question 4: How to plant watermelon to increase the number of watermelon fruits? Watermelon is a cross-pollinated crop, which is pollinated by insects under natural conditions, and the early temperature of early-maturing varieties is low. In order to improve the fruit setting rate, artificial pollination was used. The method is to choose the ideal fruit-bearing part and leave the melon. In the morning, take the flower buds that opened that day, put them in a small box and let them open naturally. Then peel off the male corolla and put the stamen anther on the open female stigma. Each male flower can pollinate 3-4 female flowers, and the pollination time should be early, 65438+. The success rate of artificial assisted pollination is related to climatic conditions. Generally, the seed setting rate is 83% on sunny days and only 30% on cloudy days.
The fruit setting node of watermelon is directly related to the size of watermelon. The fruit formed by the first female flower on the main vine is small in shape, round and thick in skin, and is generally not used as a commercial melon. However, the long-vine melon with high node position ripens later, and the second and third female flowers on the main vine are mostly used to keep fruit and fruit, and the node position is about 15-26 and 80-65438+ from the root. The second flower on the main vine of the early-maturing variety 10- 15, and the female flower of the middle-maturing variety cultivated in the open field has a higher node position. The third female flower on the main vine has the largest fruit shape for the purpose of high yield of big fruit. In a word, it is appropriate to choose the second or third female flower on the main vine 15-25 to bear fruit. It is rainy season in our county. In order to strive for "bringing melons into plum", the node position of fruit setting should be appropriately advanced at 13-23, and generally one fruit should be left per plant. 2-3 fruits have small melon shape and low yield per plant. But if the first fruit is left after 20-25 days, it can develop normally and the yield can be increased by 30%.
Tube melon. When the young melons grow to the size of walnuts, they should be arranged along the melons, and the slopes should be made of soil under the young melons, so that the young melons can lie flat on the ground, which is conducive to development and expansion. Before harvesting 10- 15 days, the melon should be padded and turned over to eliminate the yellow and white sides. Usually, the melon is turned 2-3 times, once every 3-4 days, and turned 90 degrees each time, in the same direction. Finally, 4-5 days before harvesting, the melon becomes hard, which makes the melon develop roundly, with bright color and high commodity value.
Question 5: Can you plant watermelons by ridging?
Prepare soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer.
Watermelon planting should choose plots with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil, good drainage and plenty of sunshine, and bask in the sun in the west; Watermelon field is not suitable for continuous cropping, and it is usually rotated once every 4~5 years. Otherwise, the blight is serious; Gramineae crops such as rice and corn are the best, followed by vegetable crops such as potatoes and Chinese cabbage. However, watermelon, as a melon vegetable, has serious diseases and is not suitable for selection. Gua Tian must plough deeply, preferably in winter. In the plot with deep ploughing or deep ploughing, furrows are dug around, and the furrows are covered according to the tillage row spacing of 2.4-3.0m (the furrow width is 0.5m). One side of the border is furrowed and applied with base fertilizer, and 2500-3000kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu, with phosphate fertilizer15-20kg and 45% compound fertilizer of 20-20kg added. In order to prevent underground pests, a small amount of crystal trichlorfon can be mixed into the base fertilizer. Cover the base fertilizer ditch, make melon ridges and finally cover them with plastic film, waiting for sowing or transplanting. When opening the compartment, pay attention to that the compartment line is perpendicular to the direction of spring and Xia Feng. First, apply base fertilizer to the compartment surface blown in by the wind, so that the melon vines will be consistent with the wind direction after planting.
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Question 6: Watermelon Planting Technology and Cultivation Video Course 1 Site Selection
Watermelon requires deep, loose and well-drained soil conditions, but it has strong adaptability to soil conditions. No matter in sandy land, clay, acidic soil or slightly saline-alkali soil, watermelons can grow well and obtain high yield after soil improvement, deep ploughing and more organic fertilizer application. Watermelon requires a long land rotation cycle, and continuous cropping is prohibited. Generally, the rotation cycle of dry land is 7-9 years, and that of paddy field is 3-4 years. If the rotation cycle is short or continuous cropping, it is prone to wilt, which will lead to reduced production or even no harvest in severe cases.
2. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Deep tillage can increase deep tillage layer and improve soil physical properties and root growth environment. The whole garden should be plowed, and then deep ploughed at the root of melon. Combined with ploughing, the base fertilizer is mainly fully decomposed compost, which can be combined with appropriate chemical fertilizer and applied with some cake fertilizer. Fertilization amount should be determined according to the residual fertilizer amount and yield index of previous crops. Because of the different absorption and utilization rates of various fertilizers, pure nitrogen 7 ~ 10 kg, phosphorus 13kg and potassium 10 are generally applied per mu. Watermelon absorbs little nutrients at seedling stage, and the amount of fertilizer absorbed increases rapidly when the fruit expands, so topdressing should be carried out after applying base fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer can account for 60 ~ 70% of the total fertilization amount, and the amount of topdressing is 30 ~ 40%.
3. Sowing and raising seedlings
Watermelon can be planted directly in the ground or transplanted. Seedling transplanting, seedling age is generally between 20 ~ 30 days, so sowing seedlings should be 20 ~ 30 days before the late frost period. Nursery seedlings must have protective facilities. Now a small arch shed is used, and an electric hotline is laid under the nutrition bowl bed of the arch shed. The nutrient bed soil for seedling raising should have water retention and good air permeability, and at the same time, it should contain suitable nutrients without hidden dangers of pests and diseases. Clods can be used when cultivating cotyledon seedlings, and containers, paper bags, plastics and flowerpots must be used when cultivating large seedlings. When cultivating large seedlings with 3 ~ 4 leaves, the diameter of the container is not less than 8cm and the height is about 10cm. When seedless watermelon is cultivated, seedlings must be transplanted instead of direct seeding in the field, seeds must be broken, and seeds should be soaked before sowing to accelerate germination. The temperature of accelerating germination is higher than that of ordinary watermelon, and the suitable temperature is 32 ~ 33℃. Planting density is generally 800 ~ 1000 for early-maturing varieties, 600 ~ 800 for middle-maturing varieties, and the number of late-maturing varieties is small, only for two-vine pruning or three-vine pruning. In arid areas, the row spacing is 1.4 ~ 1.8m, and the plant spacing is about 45 ~ 60cm. In wet and rainy areas, the average row spacing is 22 ~ 23m, and the plant spacing is about 50cm.
4 Site management
(1) Watermelon seedling management, due to the low temperature at that time, the ground temperature should be raised as much as possible to promote the early development and rapid growth of roots. It is very important to protect the aboveground parts and leaves (including cotyledons). Pruning usually begins after the main vine grows to 40 ~ 50 cm. When pruning with two vines, one vine should be selected except the main vine, and the other branches should be removed. When pruning with three vines, you should choose two branches. The principle of pruning is to make the stems and vines evenly distributed, cover the whole garden, and let the leaves fully receive light to facilitate assimilation. The main purpose of pressing vines is to fix plants and prevent them from being blown over by the wind, which can be carried out at the same time as pruning; When grafting, vines can be planted without pressing the soil, but grass can be spread on the ground and tendrils can be wound, and the same windproof effect can be obtained.
(2) Management of planting plants
In the case of 1 melon per plant, generally 1 female flower is not left, and most of them choose to leave the second female flower or the third female flower of the main vine (1 female flower or the second female flower of the secondary vine can also be left). How to judge the growth potential of watermelon? It can be judged by the distance between the growing point of stem and vine and the female flower of melon, and the angle between the apex of stem and vine and the ground. The growing point of plant stems and vines is close to the ground. When the distance between the growing point and the female flower is less than 20cm, the growth is too weak. If the top of the vine is too inclined, the distance between the growing point and the female flower is more than 50cm, indicating that there is too much nutrition and too much growth; The growth potential index suitable for fruit setting is that the distance between the growing point of stem and vine and the female flower is 30 ~ 40 cm.
If the plant is too weak, we should strengthen topdressing and watering to promote its normal growth, while if the plant is too strong, we can restrain its growth by pinching the top of the vine or cutting roots locally at the root, and ensure that it will bear fruit, and its growth will naturally be alleviated after it bears fruit firmly.
In order to ensure fruit setting at ideal node, artificial pollination must be carried out. For seedless watermelon, the pollen of diploid common watermelon must be used for pollination, otherwise the ovary of seedless watermelon will not develop. The lowest flowering temperature of female flowers is 14 ~ 16℃, and the lowest daily temperature is 1 node ... & gt
Question 7: What medicine should be used after watermelon seedlings are transplanted and survived? Watermelon spring sowing is generally listed in large quantities from late March to early April, and from late June to the end of July. After August, the watermelon market is dominated by Henan pumpkins. From September to 10, only a few northern melons entered the market, and the price was high and the quality was poor. Planting watermelons in autumn in our province can not only meet people's demand for high-quality watermelons in the off-season market, especially during the 5438+00 National Day from the end of September to the beginning of June, but also obtain better economic benefits because of the high market price. However, because the cultivation techniques of watermelon in autumn are more difficult than those in spring, especially the seedling raising techniques, it is difficult for melon farmers to master them for a while, so the technical measures of watermelon cultivation in autumn in open field are introduced as follows: 1 Variety selection: because of the high temperature and strong sunshine in autumn, the growing period of watermelon is relatively shortened, and the supply period is not the season for mass consumption, so varieties must be selected according to market demand and output. It is best to choose high-quality gift watermelon varieties with early maturity and small round fruit, such as Hongxiaoyu, Huang Xiaoyu, Jin Fu and Xiaoyuhong seedless. Or medium-ripe, medium-early-round and medium-fruit-quality watermelon varieties, including both seedless and seedless watermelon varieties, such as Hongda, Mihong seedless, Mihuang seedless and so on. 2. The choice of melon land should be sandy loam or loam with convenient irrigation and drainage and good soil permeability. Paddy field needs 3-5 years rotation, and dry land needs 5-8 years rotation. 3. Cultivate strong seedlings. 3.1It is appropriate to sow from mid-July to early August, so as to ensure that it can be listed from the end of September to the beginning of 10, and meet the supply of high-quality watermelons in the holiday market. 3.2 Cultivating strong seedlings: Cultivating strong seedlings is the key to watermelon cultivation in autumn. From mid-July to early August, it is a hot and dry season in our province, and it is difficult to raise seedlings. If the seedbed is not carefully managed, it will cause burning seeds, burning seedlings or forming high seedlings, reducing the resistance of seedlings and watering easily. It is best to use nutrition pots to raise seedlings centrally, which is convenient for seedbed management. Sowing can adopt two methods: accelerating germination after soaking seeds or not accelerating germination. Seedless watermelon is best sown by accelerating germination. After sowing, cover the seedbed with a small arch film and cover it with sunshade net or grass curtain to prevent the seedbed from burning due to excessive temperature. The bed temperature is controlled at 32-35℃ during the day and 28-30℃ at night. When the bed temperature exceeds 35℃ during the day, both ends of the small arch membrane should be opened for ventilation and cooling. After the seeds are arched, remove the small arch film and shade with a sunshade net or grass curtain. Seeds should be "capped" in time after emergence, and the cover should be removed in the morning and evening and cloudy days, and the shade should continue in sunny morning. After 5 pm, when the two leaves of the seedling are flush, spray 50-1000 mg/1000 g of paclobutrazol solution until the cotyledons are wet and not dripping, and then carry out routine management. In this way, the hypocotyl of melon seedlings is short and thick, which is not in vain. 4. Sow in time. Sow in the field after 7- 10 sowing, when the seedlings grow real leaves. At this time, the root system of seedlings is narrow, the root system is not easy to be damaged and the survival rate is high. Before planting, a bottom water irrigation can be carried out according to the soil moisture in Gua Tian to ensure sufficient soil moisture and ensure the survival of seedlings. Planting should be done in cloudy or sunny afternoons. After planting, each plant should be immediately watered with 0.5 kg of 3‰ compound fertilizer water, and if there is no irrigation, more water should be poured. If the seedlings are found wilting due to high temperature the next day, they should be watered again in the afternoon. Immediately cover with plastic film with film width 1 m. In the afternoon, cover with plastic film, immediately break the film, put the seedlings and seal the nest. The plant spacing of fruit-type gift watermelons with low planting density is 0.45×2m, which is equivalent to about 1.500 plants per 667m2, and the plant spacing of middle-maturing and early-maturing varieties is 0.5×2m, which is equivalent to planting more than 660 plants per 667m2 in single row and ground cultivation. 5. Field management 5. 1 Rational fertilization Watermelon grows rapidly in autumn, the growth period is relatively shortened, and the demand for fertilizer is quick-acting and relatively concentrated. In order to improve the quality of watermelon, 50-75 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer (dry cake amount), 2000 kg of decomposed pig manure or soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 35 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea were applied in the border according to soil preparation, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied in two or three times according to seedling potential combined with irrigation. When the young fruit eggs are large, the swollen melon is used with irrigation water. Depending on the growth of melon seedlings at fruit maturity, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and urea should be sprayed appropriately, and foliar fertilization should be carried out after 4 pm on cloudy or sunny days. 5.2 Watermelons trimmed with straw grow rapidly in autumn, but their growth potential is not as strong as that in spring. In order to increase functional leaves and promote the expansion of young fruits, two vines were used for trellis cultivation and three vines were used for climbing cultivation. In autumn, the temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, and the soil retains water ... >>
Question 8: There are two kinds of planting in Yunnan: field planting and ornamental pepper planting, but the same thing is that peppers like high temperature and humid climate conditions.
First of all, the life of seeds should be 5-7 years, but the service life is only 2-3 years. Secondly, the soil can't be dry, the fertilization can't be too much, the soil can't be short of potassium, and the requirements for light are not high. The suitable temperature of pepper is between 15 ~ 34 degrees, generally from vernal equinox to Qingming. Expose seeds in the sun for 2 days to promote after-ripening, improve germination rate and kill germs carried on the surface of seeds. If seeds are planted in the ground, they should be raised as seedbeds. After the seedbed is completed, it should be watered enough, sprayed with 3000 times of Heng Lv 1 for disinfection, then sprinkled with a thin layer of fine soil, evenly spread the seeds on the seedbed, covered with a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 1 cm, and finally covered with a shed for moisture and heat preservation. The seedling age of spring pepper is about 1 10 days, and some of them can reach 150 days or more. In the north, it is usually in mid-April and late May. Details are as follows:
(1) Select suitable varieties: Pepper can be cultivated early, in the open field in spring and summer, and delayed in autumn. Therefore, different varieties should be selected in different cultivation seasons. Generally, pepper varieties with cold tolerance, strong adaptability to low temperature, low fruit setting, early maturity and high yield should be selected for early-maturing cultivation, such as Xiang Yan 1, Luojiao L, Ganjiao L and Xiang Yan No.9. Pepper varieties with strong plant growth potential, disease resistance, high yield, high quality and heat resistance should be selected for open field cultivation in spring and summer, such as Sujiao No.3, Nongda No.40 and Wanjiao L. Varieties with strong heat resistance, disease resistance, waterlogging resistance and cold resistance should be selected for late autumn cultivation, such as Wanjiao 1 and Luojiao No.4.
(2) Cultivate strong seedlings
(1) Make seedbeds. Mix half of decomposed garbage or weathered pond mud with half of non-eggplant garden soil (preferably leek soil), add 20% of chaff ash, 3% of calcium superphosphate and 5% of fermented rapeseed cake, and then apply about 2% of formalin for soil disinfection. After the nutrient soil is prepared, make a seedbed with a thickness of 15 cm.
② Soaking seeds to accelerate germination. Disinfect the seeds before soaking, soak them in warm water at 55-60℃ and blanch them at constant temperature for 30 minutes. You can also soak the seeds in 40% formalin loo solution 15-20 minutes, take them out, seal them in plastic bags for 2-3 hours, and then wash them with clean water. Soak the sterilized seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 5-6 hours. Take out the seeds, wrap them with clean wet gauze, and put them at 25-30℃ to accelerate germination for 4-5 days. Most seeds are white and can be sown. Generally, 65438 plants hot-line seedlings from late February to early October of the following year1early October, hotbed seedlings from late February to late October of 165438, and cold-bed seedlings from late October to early October of 165438. The suitable seedling age of hot-line seedling is 90 days, and the seedling age of warm-bed and cold-bed seedling is about 140- 150 days.
② Strong seedling management. Before emergence, the soil surface temperature of seedbed should be kept at 25-28℃, and it can be reduced to 20-25℃ after full seedling. When the seedlings have 2- 13 true leaves, divide the seedlings once and spray with 500 times of 25% carbendazim 1 time. At this time, the temperature is maintained at 23-28℃ during the day and can be reduced to 15- 18℃ at night. To keep the greenhouse bed soil moist, it is necessary to control watering and prevent excessive growth. It can be topdressing twice with dilute manure water, and then foliar auxiliary topdressing with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea mixture 1-2 times. At seedling stage, 3,000 times of pyrethroid cheese or diphacinone was used to control aphids for 2-3 times, and half of Bordeaux mixture was used to control diseases for 3-4 times. Before planting 10 day, gradually increase the air release to harden the seedlings.
(3) Fixed planting and reasonable close planting: pepper should avoid continuous cropping, and choose a vegetable garden with leafy vegetables in the previous crop, and the onion and garlic vegetable garden is the best. In winter, the frozen castle will be deeply turned over, and after spring, the soil will be prepared and the bottom fertilizer will be applied. Generally, vegetable cake 100 kg, soil mixed fertilizer 5000 kg, human and animal manure 1500 kg, calcium superphosphate 50 kg, urea 25 kg and potassium chloride 15-20 kg are applied per mu. Early cultivation, 7- 10 days before planting, plastic shed and small arch shed should be buckled to improve soil temperature. The ground temperature in the planting border is 10 cm deep, and it can only be planted when 10- 12℃ is maintained. The planting period in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is generally in late February. 4-6 early-maturing border plants, 4000-5000 plants per mu. Generally, in spring and summer, when the soil moisture is good, plastic film is covered in early April and planted in the middle and early April. On the film, the distance between plants is 30 cm, and two rows are planted at each boundary, generally 4500-5000 plants are planted per mu. After autumn, the planting density of pepper plants is relatively high because of their short height and low degree of development. Generally, about 5,500 plants are planted per mu, and the planting period is from late August to early September. ......& gt& gt
Question 9: Is it ok to cultivate Xizhoumi 17 in greenhouse in autumn? With the adjustment of industrial structure, greenhouses have developed rapidly. Using seedlings in early spring can promote the early maturity of melons, and postpone cultivation in autumn and winter, which can be listed in off-season and improve economic benefits. The planting techniques of Xizhoumi 17 are as follows:
1 early spring crop
1. 1 soil preparation and fertilization
Melon planting needs deep ploughing, fine harrow and base fertilizer. Apply 3000 ~ 6000 kg/667m2 of decomposed sheep manure, 50kg/667m2 of compound fertilizer and 2kg/667m2 of carbendazim, and sprinkle them when turning over the soil. Ridge, the ridge width is 80cm, the ridge spacing is 2.6m, and the ridge height is 15cm. Drip irrigation under film can reduce temperature, increase temperature and facilitate management. Disinfect the greenhouse with drugs one week before sowing.
Variety selection 1.2
Melon varieties should be resistant to continuous cropping, disease, poor light and good quality.
1.2. 1 Xizhoumi 1
Early maturing varieties, the fruit development period is about 35 days; The fruit in the orchard is golden and occasionally has a thin net; Single melon weight1.5 ~ 2kg; The pulp is orange-yellow, thin and crisp, with a strong fruit flavor; The average refractive sugar content in the center is16% ~18%; Extremely resistant to transportation, suitable for protected land and open cultivation.
1.2.2 Xizhou MidiNo. 17
The fruit development period of the first hybrid generation of mid-mature melon is about 50 days; The fruit is oval, black, hemp and green, and the mesh is fine and complete; Single melon weighs 2 ~ 3.8 kg, with orange-red flesh, fine, loose and crisp meat and light fruit. The average refractive sugar content in the center is16% ~17%; Storage resistance and powdery mildew resistance; Among the leaves, the plants are in good condition and suitable for protected cultivation.
1.2.3 Xizhoumi No.25
The fruit development period of the first hybrid medium-mature melon is about 50dd. Fruit oval, light hemp green, greenway, fine and complete reticulate; The weight of single melon is 1.5 ~ 2.4 kg, and the flesh is orange-yellow, dense, loose and crisp. The average refractive sugar content in the center is 17% ~ 18%, which is resistant to powdery mildew and suitable for protected cultivation in early spring and autumn.
1.3 seedling management
1.3. 1 preparation of nutrient soil
Add 0.5kg/m2 urea, 1 ~ 2kg/m2 phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 100g/m2 carbendazim to 5 parts of soil, 2 parts of sand washing and 3 parts of decomposed fertilizer, mix, sieve and put into a nutrition bowl of 10cm× 10cm for later use.
1.3.2 seed treatment
Seeds are soaked in warm water at 55 ~ 60℃ (i.e. three-opening and one-cooling) 15~20min or 40% formalin 100 times solution for 30min, then washed with clean water or soaked in 0. 1% potassium permanganate 15 ~ 20min.
1.3.3 sowing
/kloc-sow in 0/0/0 or so.
1.3.4 Post-seedling management
After sowing, the temperature is controlled at 28 ~ 30℃ during the day, 20 ~ 25℃ at night, and the seedling emergence is 8 ~ 10d. After large-scale emergence, the temperature should be lowered in time, and it should be kept at 20 ~ 25℃ during the day and 15 ~ 18℃ at night to prevent excessive growth, and less water should be used during this period.
1.4 timely colonization
When the ground temperature is stable above 12℃, it is generally around February 20th. Melon seedlings were planted with double rows of hanging vines, with plant spacing of 0.5 ~ 0.6 cm, hole spacing of 5 ~ 10 cm and seedling protection density of 1700 plants /667m2.
1.5 Post-planting management
Keep warm and moist in a closed greenhouse after planting and before survival, and slow down the seedlings at high temperature. The temperature should be controlled at 25 ~ 35℃ during the day and not lower than 15℃ at night. After slow seedling, water slow seedling, water less before flowering, water swollen melon after fruit setting, spray foliar fertilizer mainly containing P and K twice, and ventilate in time.
Use the vine to cultivate, prune one vine, and cut off the rest. The flowering period starts around March 25th, and the fruit setting node is 10 ~ 12, so artificial pollination or bee pollination is suitable. Leave 2 ~ 3 fruits. When the egg is big, choose a fully developed young fruit.
1.6 timely harvest
May 1 can be harvested, and the fruit matures for about 40 days.
2 autumn and winter crops
After the first harvest, remove all old vines, diseased branches, dead leaves and weeds. With the increase of pests and diseases in autumn, it is necessary to make full use of the high temperature in summer to disinfect the greenhouse. At the same time, insect nets should be used to prevent insects and carry out pollution-free production.
2. 1 Soil preparation and fertilization
Apply decomposed organic fertilizer and a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the same amount as in early spring, and water it. When the temperature is right, turn the ground and ridge.
2.2 sowing
In autumn, the sowing date is determined according to the growth period of the variety, which is usually from July 25th to August 10. After sowing, cover the sowing belt with soil to reduce the root temperature.
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Question 10: Watermelon pulp is very thick, but watermelon bears little fruit. What happened? Watermelon has thick pulp and few fruits.
One reason
Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to poor development of female flowers and easy overgrowth of melons and vines. Although flowering and pollination were carried out, the ovary was thin and shriveled. Due to excessive consumption of stem and leaf growth, young melons will fall off due to physiological imbalance. The lower the fruit-setting node, the more empty vines there will be.
Reason two
Some farmers choose mid-late maturity varieties, and the seedlings are planted late. In rainy season, the nutrition is too strong, so it is difficult to sit on the melon or sit on the melon late, and the melon is small.
Reason three
Bad environment affects pollen germination. When the air humidity is only 50%, the germination rate of pollen is reduced to below 20%. When the temperature drops to 18 degrees Celsius, it is difficult to sit on the melon. When it rains continuously, pollination and fertilization are blocked and melons melt easily. Improper spraying of pesticides or topdressing outside the roots can also make young melons fall off, the planting density is too high, the stems and leaves overlap and the shade is serious. At the same time, the node position of the young melon is too low, and the young melon is malnourished.