Wisteria is a deciduous vine belonging to the genus Wisteria in Leguminosae, which is native to China. Wisteria has deep main roots and few branched roots. The seedlings were shrubby when they were young, and it was several years before the top of the flourishing branches became entangled. The long winding branches appear at the base of the main vine. Vines are wound counterclockwise, and columns can be wound by themselves below 30 cm. Wisteria has mixed flower buds, which grow branches and leaves first and open on the upper part of new branches. Flowers are racemes, which are borne at the ends of branches or axils of leaves, 20 ~ 30 cm long, drooping, dense and eye-catching, blue-purple to lavender, and fragrant. Each inflorescence can bear 50 ~ 100 flowers. The flowering period is around March in South China, and it often blooms again in late summer and early autumn.

First, the feeding method

Wisteria is easy to propagate, and can be planted, cut, layered, divided and grafted. Sowing and cutting are the main methods, but cutting is the most widely used because of the long seedling raising time.

1, cutting propagation

Cutting propagation generally adopts hard cuttings. Before the branches germinate in the middle and late March, select 1 ~ 2-year-old stout branches, cut them into cuttings of about 15cm, and insert them into the seedbed prepared in advance. The cutting depth is 2/3 of the cutting length. Spraying water after transplanting, strengthening maintenance, keeping the seedbed moist, the survival rate is very high, the plant height can reach 20 ~ 50 cm in that year, and it can be taken out of the nursery two years later.

Rooting is the use of adventitious buds easily produced on wisteria roots. Roots with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 2.0 cm were dug in the middle and late March, and cuttings with a length of 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+02 cm were inserted into the seedbed, and the cutting depth was kept at the same level as the ground. Other management measures are the same as pruning.

2, sowing and breeding

Sowing and reproduction are carried out in March. In June,165438+1October, the seeds were harvested, the pods were removed, dried and stored in bags. Soak the seeds in hot water before sowing. When the boiling water temperature drops to about 30℃, take out the seeds, rinse them with cold water for a while, then keep them moist, and pile them up for a day and a night before sowing. Or store the seeds in wet sand and soak them in clear water 1 ~ 2 days before sowing.

Second, cultivation management.

1, migrating

When planting wisteria, you should choose a dry place with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. If it is too wet, the roots will rot easily. The planting time is generally from defoliation in autumn to germination in spring. The main root of wisteria is thick and long, with few lateral roots, which is not resistant to transplantation. Therefore, when transplanting, no matter whether the plants have soilless balls, they should be replanted, and organic fertilizer should be applied to the planting holes as base fertilizer. They should be watered after planting. For larger plants, a sturdy and durable shed should be built before planting, and thick branches should be tied to the frame after planting to make them climb along the frame.

Step 2 apply fertilizer

The daily management of wisteria is simple, and appropriate water and fertilizer management can be carried out according to the water and fertilizer status of the soil. When young trees are planted, the branches can't form flower buds, and peanut bud will appear later. If it doesn't bloom for several years, it's because the tree is too strong, with too many branches and leaves, and the tree is weak, so it is difficult to accumulate nutrients. The former uses partial root cutting and sparse branches and leaves, while the latter can blossom by adding fertilizer. Fertilizer should be properly applied with more potassium fertilizer. Topdressing is usually 2 ~ 3 times during the growth period. After flowering, 5 ~ 6 buds can be cut off from the middle branches and weak branches to promote the formation of flower buds.

prune

Pruning wisteria is an important work in management, and the pruning time should be in the dormant period. When pruning, the branches are evenly distributed by removing secrets and keeping sparse and manual traction. In order to make flowers flourish, we should also prune them reasonably according to their budding habits. Because wisteria has strong branching ability, flower buds are planted in the axils of annual branches, and the tops of growing branches are easy to dry up. Therefore, we should take back the new branches of that year, cut off 1/3 ~ 1/2, and cut off the tender branches and the base of dead branches.

Third, disease control.

The common pests of wisteria are snails, scale insects and whiteflies. Snails often move in the rainy season in spring and summer. At this time, lime powder should be sprinkled around the garden and at the feet of the cultivation frame regularly. When scale insects are often caused by poor ventilation, they can be quickly killed or sprayed with 800 ~ 1000 times solution. Whitefly can be killed by aphids or aphids spraying at a speed of 3000 times. Agricultural streptomycin can be sprayed in the morning and evening after onset, and it is advisable to spray it no more than three times a year.