I.e. flight data recorder
Can record the information during the flight of the aircraft.
Detailed information material
Tuyuan network
A black box is a device that records flight data and cockpit calls. It can record the flight data of 25 hours before the plane stops working and the communication records of 30 minutes to 2 hours.
Flight data include flight altitude, speed, heading, climb rate, descent rate, acceleration, fuel consumption, landing gear retraction, Greenwich Mean Time, aircraft system working conditions and engine working parameters. Communication records mainly record the communication information of the captain, co-pilot and crew in the engine room.
Today, let's learn:
How was the black box invented?
Is the black box black?
What other tips do you have about black boxes?
Tuyuan people's network
Evolution history of black box
1939, French aviation engineers Francis Hussenot and Paul baudouin invented a recording device, which can record the most important information such as the speed and altitude of an airplane in flight on 88mm film by using the principle of similar photography. Take out the film after landing, and you can restore the state of flight. But the membrane is disposable and the cost is very high. And this device is only suitable for planes that land smoothly. If the plane falls, it will destroy the film. Therefore, this recording method is only used for the test flight of new aircraft.
▲ First generation black box
During World War II, British engineers improved the flight parameter recording device and carved curves of various parameters on copper foil with steel needles. In this way, even if the plane is on fire or crashes, the data at that time can be retrieved. However, copper foil is relatively heavy, and the amount of data recorded is very limited and expensive, so it is only used in military aircraft. This is the first generation black box, which can only record five flight parameters such as heading, altitude, airspeed, vertical overload and time.
Meta newspaper
▲ Second generation black box
1956, the first flight data recording device for civil airliners was born in Australia. Its inventor, Dr. David Warren, invented the second generation improved black box while studying aviation fuel. The working principle of the new black box is similar to that of a common tape drive, except that a protective shell with anti-impact and fireproof functions is installed outside the tape drive. The second generation black box can generally record dozens of parameters, and there is also a cockpit recorder.
Meta newspaper
▲ The third generation black box
The third generation of black boxes appeared in the 1990s. With the rapid development of microelectronics technology, black boxes began to use semiconductor memory to record data. The third generation black box records hundreds of parameters, and its function has gradually extended from flight accident investigation to daily monitoring of pilots, aircraft fault diagnosis and maintenance.
Meta newspaper
▲ Modern black box
The new generation of black box can record video information with thousands of parameters, and can transmit the key data of black box regularly through data links such as satellites. However, due to the influence of communication bandwidth, signal blind area and meteorological environment, real-time data transmission mode can not completely replace the role of traditional black box. In addition, a new type of throwing black box has appeared, which can be automatically separated from the body when the plane crashes, and has the functions of floating on water, radio and satellite positioning.
Tuyuan Xinhua News Agency
The black box is not black.
In electronic technology, all instruments that only pay attention to their input and output signals without paying attention to their internal conditions are called black boxes. Flight information recording system is a typical black box instrument. For convenience, people in the industry call it a black box.
Black box is one of the special electronic recording equipment for aircraft. Generally, there are two black boxes, one is cockpit voice recorder and the other is flight data recorder. All the mechanical parts and electronic instruments of the aircraft are equipped with sensors connected to the black box, so the black box can record the data of various instruments.
Although we call this flight parameter recorder a black box, its surface is not black. In order to find its trace easily, ICAO stipulates that this container should be painted with striking orange instead of black or other colors, and some black boxes will be covered with reflective strips and written with "flight recorder, please do not open it".
Tuyuan people's network
Black box knowledge
1. Where is the installation location of the black box?
The black box is generally installed at the tail, and the specific position is below the last vertical tail. According to statistics, the tail below the tail is the safest place on the plane.
The black box will be placed in a heat-resistant and earthquake-resistant container (or two containers) made of special steel. This container is spherical or rectangular, which can bear the impact of its own gravity 1000 times, withstand the high temperature of 1 100℃ for 30 minutes without damage, and can be soaked in seawater for 30 days without water.
Tuyuan people's network
2. Can the black box itself send out radio signals?
There is no radio transmitter on the black box, and the search work on land mainly depends on the manpower search of the search and rescue team. The appearance of the black box is bright, and the search and rescue team can search for the black box according to this feature, which is the only way to retrieve the black box on land.
3. What kind of signal can the black box send to the outside world?
The only part of the black box that can send signals to the outside world is called the Underwater Positioning Beacon (ULB). The underwater positioning beacon is started after encountering water, and emits an acoustic signal with a frequency of 37.5KHz per second (note that it is an acoustic signal), which can work continuously for 30 days.
4. How to detect the sound wave signal of the black box?
The acoustic signal emitted by the black box underwater can only be detected by sonar in the water. However, due to the small size and low power of the black box underwater positioning beacon, in general, the ship-borne sonar can receive the acoustic signals within a few kilometers of the black box at most, while the effective detection range of the small hand-held sonar is only a few hundred meters.
Tuyuan network
| Content source: Beijing Science and Technology News, People's Daily, Xi Ankepu, CCTV News.
[ 1]./s/evly 2 x _ COC 5 rxdmp 3 ykiw
[2]./s/kXJh8xx5tWv6Onj-OT0HCQ
[3]./s/qehhzwol 5 zptvd 98 to 7da
[4]./s/lab 6 jcd zh 1 ua 4 qox-FAwRQ
| Editor: Xiao Ke
| Audit: Popular Science Bacteria