Urinary tract infection is caused by direct invasion of bacteria (very few can be caused by fungi, protozoa and viruses). Urinary tract infection can be divided into upper urinary tract infection and lower urinary tract infection. Upper urinary tract infection refers to pyelonephritis, and lower urinary tract infection includes urethritis and cystitis. Pyelonephritis is divided into acute pyelonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis. It happens to women.

Etiology of urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection is caused by direct invasion of bacteria (very few can be caused by fungi, protozoa and viruses).

Symptoms of urinary tract infection

I. Acute pyelonephritis: 1. Sudden onset; 2 chills, chills; 3. fever; 4. General malaise, headache and fatigue; 5. Loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting; 6. Frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria; 7. Low back pain and kidney discomfort; 8. tenderness at the upper ureter; 9. Tenderness of ribs and waist; 10. Percussion pain in renal area; 1 1. Bladder tenderness;

Second, chronic pyelonephritis: 1. The symptoms of acute attack can be the same as those of acute pyelonephritis, but they are usually much lighter, even without fever, general discomfort, headache and other systemic manifestations, and the symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency and pain are not obvious; 2. Edema; 3. Hypertension;

Third, bladder and urethritis: frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, and pain in the bladder area. Urine secretion.

What tests do you need to do for urinary tract infection?

1. Tenderness in the rib and waist, tapping pain in the kidney area;

2. Routine urine examination, leukocytosis and pyuria in urine;

3. Dye urine sediment smear to find bacteria;

4. Bacteria were found in urine culture;

5. The urine colony count is higher than the fifth power /ml of 10, which is also significant for patients with frequent urination and other symptoms. The third power of cocci 10-the fourth power of cocci 10/ml also has diagnostic significance;

6. One-hour urine sediment count > 200,000 white blood cells;

7. Blood routine showed that white blood cells increased and neutrophil nuclei moved to the left;

8. Accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate;

Treatment of urinary tract infection

1. Symptomatic support therapy;

2. Pathogen treatment (cefazolin sodium, norfloxacin);

3. Maintain water-electrolyte balance;

4. Encourage all patients to drink more water, and infuse patients who drink less water to ensure that the daily urine output is above 2000ml.

Some patients can take Chinese medicine together.

Expert tips on urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection is more common in women of childbearing age, so it is very important to pay attention to the cleanliness of vulva. Urinary tract infection has certain inducement, so patients should be carefully examined for urinary calculi, renal or ureteral malformations, etc. Besides medication, drinking plenty of water and keeping the urine volume above 2000ml every day can play the role of urinary tract irrigation, which is also very important for the treatment of urinary tract infection. In addition, gonococcal urethritis is also very common at present. If there is, treat it as gonorrhea first. We have accumulated a lot of clinical experience in treating urinary tract infection with traditional Chinese medicine, such as Radix Isatidis, Herba Violae, Herba Patriniae and Herba Plantaginis. We should also pay attention to strengthening nutrition and physical fitness.

lower urinary tract infection

Bacterial inflammation of bladder and urethra is collectively called lower urinary tract infection. The common pathogens are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus, most of which are secondary and more common in women. The common causes are urethral obstruction, inflammation of adjacent organs, bladder or urethral instrument examination, trauma, masturbation and so on.

(1) The main clinical manifestations of lower urinary tract infection are: sudden onset, frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, or mucus secretion. Check pus cells and a small amount of red blood cells in urine.

(2) Treatment includes: ① strengthening the body's resistance, treating the primary focus and eliminating the factors of clothes and hair; ② Drink plenty of water, get to the bottom of it, or take a bath with 1:50000 potassium permanganate solution; ③ Anti-infection: synergistic sulfonic acid 1g, twice a day, gentamicin tablets 80,000 units, three times a day, and norfloxacin 0.2g, three times a day. In severe cases, ampicillin 2-4g or amikacin 0.4-0.6g can be injected intravenously. ④ If the symptoms of urethral irritation are obvious, appropriate antispasmodic painkillers can be used, such as anisodamine 5- 10 mg, taken orally, three times a day, or atropine tablet 0.3-0.6 mg, three times a day.

Why are women prone to urinary tract infections?

Urinary tract infection is a disease in which bacteria enter the urinary system to grow and reproduce, leading to inflammation. Various survey data show that among adults, the number of women suffering from urinary tract infection is significantly higher than that of men. Why is this happening? How to prevent all kinds of pathogenic causes? This is a problem that many people, especially female compatriots, are very concerned about. This paper analyzes point by point, hoping to help readers.

First, the particularity of female urogenital system structure, female urethra is shorter and wider than male, and bacteria are easy to enter. Therefore, women should enhance their awareness of self-protection.

Secondly, female urethral orifice is close to vagina and anus, while male urethral orifice is far from perineum, which has a "spatial distance" and is not easy to suffer from urinary tract infection. And women's urine

The crossing is close to vagina and anus, and there are a lot of bacteria around vagina and anus. Vaginal secretion is also a good culture medium, so it is easier to reproduce with bacteria. Therefore, the way for women to prevent urinary tract infection is to wash frequently and try to reduce the number of bacteria. Reduce the chance of getting sick.

Third, menstruation and sexual activity, menstrual blood is the best culture medium for bacteria, and menstrual hygiene, especially the cleaning and disinfection of menstrual products, is an important link to reduce bacterial invasion. Sexual intercourse can push bacteria in the anterior urethra into the posterior urethra and bladder through mechanical propulsion. There are some cases in clinic, all of which occur after sexual intercourse, which illustrates this point. Sexual activity is an important part of a couple's life. Of course, it is impossible to "give up eating because of choking", but in the case of recurrent diseases and causes and sexual activities, appropriate abstinence is also appropriate. More importantly, take the following measures: drink a cup of boiled water before sexual intercourse in order to increase urine output; Urine in the toilet after sexual intercourse, and flush the bacteria pushed away by sexual activity out of the body before they invade the mucosal tissue. If these two methods still can't prevent urinary tract infection, you can take antibacterial drugs once after sexual intercourse (the specific drugs and dosage are guided by doctors), and the prevention effect is ideal and the side effects are minimal.

Fourth, during pregnancy, the enlarged uterus will oppress the bladder and ureter, and the endocrine changes will also slow down the relaxation and peristalsis of the ureter, making the urine flow slow or forming mild hydrops. This situation is also conducive to the invasion and reproduction of bacteria, causing diseases. In the past, some people used antibacterial drugs for prevention, but this method is not desirable. Because the abuse of antibacterial drugs may have some negative effects on the mother and fetus, not to mention the pregnancy in October, which can be said to be impossible to prevent. The author thinks that the safe way is to observe closely, check urine regularly and treat it in time once it is found.

Fifth, hold your urine, which is a common bad habit of women. There will be two bad consequences. First, urine stays in the bladder for a long time, which gives it more time to reproduce and invade tissues to prevent a small amount of bacteria from invading; Secondly, when the bladder is full and the pressure increases, urine will flow upstream to the ureter. If bacteria have invaded, they will be sent to the upstream position, causing pyelonephritis. Of course, the solution is not to hold your urine, or even to develop a good habit of "diligent" urine.