Electric vehicle 1, frame fault maintenance
The frame is the safety core of the whole vehicle, and the poor strength or manufacturing accuracy of the frame will seriously affect the use. If the whole vehicle is always tilted to one side when riding, it may be that the whole vehicle is tilted; If the whole vehicle has a serious dent, it may be overloaded, riding in bad road conditions, resulting in deformation of the whole vehicle. The deformation may be caused by the welding crack between the front riser and the front triangular plate or the joint crack between the saddle fork and the frame. If there is a click of metal, it may be the strength or welding problem of some tabs.
2. Rear flat fork
Generally, there is not much problem with the rear fork, which is mainly caused by the loosening of the rear fork screw during installation or under road conditions. Once the rear fork screw is loosened, the rear wheel will swing, resulting in serious tail flick when braking, vehicle shaking when riding at high speed, and chain dropping when pedaling hard; The strength of the motor pull ring on the rear fork is also very important, especially the size and rigidity of the opening. Because it is a test of rigidity in special occasions (such as emergency braking), it is generally necessary to tighten the nut of the motor and then retreat half a turn, so as not to loosen it.
3. Front fork
The front fork is divided into simple type and shock-proof type, and now it is generally shock-proof. The front fork is easily damaged. General collision and strong dive will damage the spring of the front fork, and the damage result is that the front wheel mud plate collides with the front triangle or the front wheel collides with the plastic parts, resulting in a bend. This phenomenon can be solved by pressing the front fork with greater force and seeing the gap before deciding whether to change the front fork or by increasing the gap in another way.
4, handle and riser
Generally, handles and risers do not need maintenance when they are new, but they will rust after long use. At this time, you can't force the screws. First, treat the water with loose embroidery for a period of time, and then carefully knock the outside of the front riser with a hammer. When screwing the screws, it is best to use a ring wrench or socket wrench, generally without hard hands or adjustable wrench.
5, plastic parts
Plastic parts are generally not maintained. The reasons why this article is mainly about the vibration problem of plastic parts are listed. When * * * vibration occurs, the main consideration is whether the fasteners are loose. If necessary, plastic parts can be bonded to change the frequency of vibration.
6. Tools
Instrument is the display part of electric vehicle, and now the daily instruments are divided into LED display and pointer display.
The failure rate of LED instruments is relatively low, but once a failure occurs, it is difficult to find it. It is necessary to know the characteristics of some comparators and the structure of voltage stabilizing circuits. If the voltage indication is inaccurate, it can be achieved by adjusting the adjustable resistance of the reference. When designing LED instruments, it is likely that some auxiliary functions (such as under-voltage indication, caller ID, cruise, etc. ) will focus on the display panel, so you need to know the function of the circuit board before maintenance. Pointer instruments can be divided into brush type and brushless type according to speedometer, and positive control type and negative control type according to control polarity. The speed line voltage of brush connection changes from large to small; Both brush A connection and brush B connection can achieve the expected effect, but the life of brush B connection will be longer, because in general, the current consumption of ammeter is above 15mA, while the voltage drop of R 1 potentiometer is about 45V, so the power consumption of potentiometer is about 0.7W, which is the abbreviation of differential potentiometer. Once the potentiometer is damaged, the speedometer will not turn; Brush-type B connection overcomes the above defects and adopts bypass connection, which reduces the requirements for potentiometers.
The speed line voltage of brushless connection method changes from small to large, because the speed line voltage of brushless connection method can be made relatively low, so the probability of potentiometer damage is small. Control polarity can be divided into positive control and negative control. Positive control refers to the switch control of the positive and negative poles of the power supply; Negative control means that the switch controls the positive and negative poles of the power supply. The voltmeter of pointer instrument is generally made of voltage instrument and also indicated by ammeter. The principle of the two is different, but the display effect is not much different.
The instrument voltage regulator of 36V is generally 30V, and the instrument voltage regulator of 48V is generally 39V, so that when the voltage is almost under-voltage, the zener diode will collapse and the instrument will show that it is in the under-voltage area; The function of current limiting resistor is to provide a suitable working environment for voltmeter and zener diode. The principle of indicating voltage with ammeter is similar to that of speedometer, so I won't go into details here.
7. Cable
The essential damage of cables is not easy to encounter in maintenance, but once it is encountered, it takes a lot of time to find the reason. Generally speaking, when overhauling, first look for areas where problems may occur according to the functions of the controller or display, and then look for cable connections according to the corresponding colors.
8. Controller
Controller is one of the most concerned devices in maintenance, and the damage of controller is also common.
General controller leads include several items: power cord and motor cord. Brushless ones generally include five-core Hall cord, rotating brake handle cord, speed cord, brake light cord, undervoltage cord and booster cord. From the appearance, the wires with larger diameter (above 1.5mm) are power wires and motor wires, five-core harness wires are generally motor Hall signal wires, rotating brake handle wires are generally three-core two-core or four-core 1 plug-in, and speed wires, brake light wires and undervoltage wires are generally single-core wires.
Daily maintenance of electric vehicles. Maintenance points before use
1. Chain: Check the tightness of the chain before using the electric bicycle. When the chain is too tight, it is laborious to ride, and when it is too loose, it is easy to shake and rub other parts. The chain sag is 1-2mm, which can be adjusted properly when riding without pedals.
2. Tire: Insufficient tire pressure of electric bicycle will increase the friction between tire and road surface, thus shortening continuous driving mileage; It will also reduce the flexibility of handlebar rotation and affect the comfort and safety of riding. When the air pressure is insufficient, the air pressure should be replenished in time.
3. Handle bar: When the handle bar turns inflexible, stuck, stiff or too tight, it should be lubricated or adjusted in time. Butter, calcium-based or lithium-based grease is generally used for lubrication; When adjusting, first loosen the lock nut of the front fork, turn the gear on the front fork, and lock the lock nut of the front fork when the rotation flexibility of the handlebar meets the requirements.
4. Lighting: Check lighting, speakers, etc. Before using electric bicycles, especially when traveling at night. Headlights should be on, and the light beam generally falls within 5- 10 meters in front of the front of the car; The flashing frequency of the lamp is 75-80 times/minute; The instrument display should be normal.
5. Battery capacity: Check the battery capacity of the electric vehicle before going out, and judge whether the battery capacity is sufficient according to the mileage. If the power is insufficient, it should be supplemented by human riding to avoid battery undervoltage.
6. Motor: Check the working condition of the motor before going out. Start the motor and adjust its speed to observe and listen to the operation of the motor. If there is any abnormality, it should be repaired in time.
Second, the maintenance points when using
1. Try not to use zero start (that is, start in place) for electric bicycles, especially when they are fully loaded and uphill. When you start, you should ride with manpower first, then turn to electric drive after reaching a certain speed, or directly use electric power to assist driving. This is because when starting, the motor must first overcome the static friction. At this time, the current is large, close to or even reaching the rotating resistance current, which makes the battery work with high current and accelerates the damage of the battery.
2. When riding an electric bicycle, try to use human assistance or electric assistance, especially when going uphill, carrying loads, driving in the wind or bumping the road. This can prevent the battery from being damaged due to long-term heavy current discharge, which is beneficial to improve the continuous mileage of one-time charging and prolong the service life of the battery.
3. Electric bicycles are not suitable for bumps or steep slopes. 8? ) the road. In case of such roads, you should drive slowly or get off. When driving on this kind of road, the working environment of motor, controller and battery is poor, which will reduce the service life and be easily damaged.
4. When the electric bicycle is running, frequent braking and starting should be avoided. Before or at the same time of braking, the speed control knob should be restored to its original position, and people should be used to ride in the area supported by the road as much as possible. This can prevent the battery from being damaged by large current when starting.
The standard load of electric bicycle is 75 kg, so try to avoid overloading. If you are overloaded, you should ride it manually and assist it manually.
6. When using electric bicycles in cold weather, try to drive with human assistance or electric assistance; We should also pay attention to the indication of battery charge and voltage. Generally speaking, when the weather is cold, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the discharge depth of the battery, and never drive under voltage. This is because when the weather is cold, the charging capacity and discharging capacity of the battery decrease.
7. Electric bicycles are not afraid of rain and snow. However, in case of water, the water level should not exceed the lower edge of the electric hub bearing seat to prevent the motor from being damaged by water. Wipe clean as soon as possible after riding in rain and snow; If the electrical part is soaked in water, it should also be dried with a hair dryer. In order to avoid iron corrosion and circuit leakage, short circuit and other faults.
8. When riding in rainy and snowy weather, you should appropriately reduce the driving speed and increase the braking distance to prevent sideslip and U-turn, so as not to endanger personal safety.
9. Electric bicycles should avoid long-term sun exposure and be stored in a cool place. Sunlight will accelerate the aging of paints, plastic parts, rubber parts and electronic components, and reduce their service life and reliability.
10, electric bicycles should be stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place, away from corrosive liquids and gases; When stored, the whole vehicle should be upright and the tire pressure should be sufficient; No heavy objects can be loaded on the car body; And batteries should be stored separately.
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