Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be propagated by sowing, grafting, cutting and branching. In production, sowing and propagation are the main methods.
(1) sowing and cultivation
Seed-treated Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed shell is hard, oily, impermeable and difficult to germinate. Before sowing, oil should be removed and stored. Sowing in autumn: soak the seeds in alkaline water, 1kg seeds, 0.025kg alkaline surface, add water to submerge the seeds, take out the empty seeds, soak them for 2 days, rub the seed coat oil, take out clean water and wash them, and then sow. Several methods can be used to treat seeds in spring sowing, such as layered sand storage, cow dung seed dressing, horse manure mixed pile or small cellar storage. Layered sandstone reservoir is a conventional treatment method; Cow dung seed dressing is to evenly mix 6 portions of fresh cow dung and 1 portion of pepper seeds, bury them in a pit with a depth of 30cm, store them in winter, take them out and break them before sowing in the next spring, and sow them together with cow dung; During the period from mid-March to mid-April, the seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and 3 parts of horse manure were mixed in the sun, turned white and sowed; Water storage in small pits is to dig pits to irrigate winter storage.
Sowing: Sowing is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing. In dry areas in spring, it is best to sow before autumn freezing, and the seedlings will emerge neatly, which is 10 ~ 15 days earlier than spring sowing; Spring sowing time is generally around the "vernal equinox". Sow 25 kilograms per mu. Furrow sowing can be used for small furrows, with 4 rows per furrow, the row spacing is 20cm, the furrow depth is 5cm, the soil is covered with 65438 0 cm, and 4-6kg is sown per mu. After sowing, the bed is covered with grass to keep moisture, and it is removed by stages after emergence. You can also cultivate soil and raise seedlings. When sowing in autumn, open a ditch with a depth of 1 cm and a width of 9 cm every 24 ~ 27 cm, evenly spread the seeds into the ditch, and cultivate the soil on the ditch after sowing. After the spring, check the seed germination in time. If a few seeds are found to have cracks, scrape off a part of the covering soil and keep it for 2 ~ 3 cm. After 5 ~ 7 days, scrape off part of the covering soil of most cracks, and keep the covering soil thickness around 1cm, so that the seedlings will come out soon. If the seeds germinate in spring, the seedlings can be unearthed 4 ~ 5 days after sowing. 10.
Pepper fruit
Pepper fruit
It will be out in about a day. This method is suitable for areas prone to early spring.
Seedling management: when the seedling height is 4 ~ 5 cm, the seedling spacing should be 10 ~ 15 cm. During the seedling growth period, 3000 ~ 4500 kg of human excrement and urine or chemical fertilizer 10 ~ 25 kg can be applied per mu from June to July. Fertilization and irrigation should be combined, and intertillage and weeding should be done in time after application. Pepper seedlings are most afraid of waterlogging. When the rainy season comes, the nursery should do a good job of flood control and drainage. 1 annual seedlings are 70 ~ 100 cm high and can be used for afforestation.
(2) Grafting and seedling raising
Generally, bud grafting and branch grafting are adopted. T-shaped and Z-shaped bud grafting are commonly used in bud grafting, and splitting, cutting and abdomen grafting are commonly used in branch grafting.
(3) cuttage seedling raising
Select Zanthoxylum bungeanum 1 annual branches under 5 years old as cuttings. Cuttings can be soaked in 500 mg/L indoleacetic acid for 30 minutes, or in 500 mg/L naphthylacetic acid for 2 hours, or by hotbed rooting. The rooting rate and seedling rate of the treated cuttings are high.
(4) ramet propagation and seedling raising
Before the spring germination of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, the base of 1 ~ 2-year-old tillering seedlings should be girdled and buried in the soil, so that new roots can grow from the peeled mouth. 1 After the growing season, the tillering seedlings should be separated from the mother plants and can be used for afforestation. Another method is to cut off 2/3 of the base of tillering seedlings with a sharp knife, and then cultivate the soil to take root. After the tillering seedlings are cut from the parent plant, they can be transplanted directly if the root system grows well. If the roots don't grow well, you can plant them in the nursery until the new roots grow more.
(5) ring branch seedling raising
When the temperature rises gradually in spring and the water is sufficient, choose 1 annual branches with strong growth and no pests and diseases to facilitate the knife to pass through the xylem; Then pull up about 15cm, and then pull the cut half away from the branch and insert it into the ceramic pot. First make a hole in the bottom of the jar, and then fill the jar with mud. Tie the jar firmly to the branch, then pour the jar thoroughly with water, seal the jar surface with brown sheets, and let the natural rain soak the jar soil. Next year, when the cut branches grow more fibrous roots, they can be cut and transplanted.