The substance on the tongue, usually green or yellow, can be gently brushed off with a small brush. Brush off the tongue coating before eating, which can increase the taste, unconsciously eat less than usual, and invisibly achieve the effect of losing weight.
Tongue diagnosis is an important method to diagnose diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Tongue is connected with five internal organs through meridians, so the deficiency and deficiency of viscera, qi and blood, body fluid and the changes of diseases can be objectively reflected in the tongue picture. Through tongue diagnosis, we can understand the deficiency and excess of zang-fu organs and the nature, severity and changes of diseases. Among them, the change of tongue quality mainly reflects the deficiency of viscera and the rise and fall of qi and blood; The change of tongue coating is mainly used to judge the depth and severity of exogenous pathogens and the rise and fall of stomach qi.
Chinese medicine divides the tongue into the tip of the tongue, the middle of the tongue, the root of the tongue and the side of the tongue. It is considered that the tip of the tongue belongs to the heart and lung, the middle tongue belongs to the spleen and stomach, the root of the tongue belongs to the kidney, and both sides of the tongue belong to the liver and gallbladder (see Figure 3- 1). According to different parts of the tongue, reflecting different visceral diseases has certain reference value in clinic, but it can't be seen mechanically and needs to be considered comprehensively in combination with other symptoms and signs.
1. Tongue quality: refers to the tongue body, mainly observing its color, shape and state.
Normal tongue is reddish in color, fine and moist, fat, thin, old and tender, and flexible in activities, indicating sufficient qi and blood. Can be seen in healthy people, but also can be seen with initial exogenous diseases or mild internal injuries.
(1) Tongue color
① Pale tongue: the color of the tongue is lighter than normal, and blood deficiency is more common in the syndrome of deficiency and cold of the main body, like yang deficiency and deficiency of qi and blood. Pale color and fat tenderness belong to deficiency cold; Fat and tender with tooth marks on the side is qi deficiency and yang deficiency.
② Red tongue: The tongue color is darker than normal and bright red, mainly due to internal heat syndrome. Redness of the tip of the tongue is inflammation of the heart; Red tongue indicates that the liver and gallbladder are hot; Red dryness refers to body fluid injury caused by heat or excessive fire due to yin deficiency.
③ Crimson tongue: the tongue is deep red in color, which belongs to heat syndrome, mostly due to pathogenic heat entering the camp, blood deficiency or yin deficiency, and excessive fire.
The deeper the crimson tongue, the heavier the heat toxicity.
4 ecchymosis tongue: there are blue-purple ecchymosis or spots on the tongue, mostly with blood stasis accumulation inside.
⑤ Sudden tongue: The whole tongue is bluish, which is either extremely hot or cold-heat syndrome. The tongue is deep purple and dry, extremely hot, and fever is evil blood; The tongue is yellowish purple or bluish purple and smooth, which is yin-cold syndrome.
(2) Tongue shape: Observe the old, tender, fat, prickly and cracked tongue.
① Old and tender: "old" refers to rough tongue, tight and convergent shape and color, mostly due to excess heat syndrome; "Tenderness" refers to the delicate tongue quality and delicate color, which is mostly caused by deficiency syndrome or deficiency-cold syndrome.
2 Fat and thin: "Fat" refers to the swelling of the tongue, which is mostly related to water and dampness. The tongue is light and fat, and there are teeth marks on the edge of the tongue, which mostly belong to spleen deficiency or kidney yang deficiency and water-dampness retention; The tongue is red and swollen, which is mostly caused by damp-heat accumulation or excessive heat toxicity. "Thin" refers to the thin tongue, which belongs to deficiency syndrome. People with pale tongue and thin tongue shape are mostly deficient in qi and blood; Red tongue and thin tongue are mostly caused by yin deficiency and internal heat.
③ Puncture: Tongue papilla hyperplasia and hypertrophy, protruding like a thorn, mostly caused by excessive heat. The heavier the heat evil is, the bigger the thorns are. Clinically, the tip of the tongue and the edge of the tongue are often stinging, and the sting of the tip of the tongue is mostly caused by excess heat in the liver and gallbladder.
④ Cracks: There are various longitudinal or transverse cracks or wrinkles on the tongue, mostly caused by mucosal atrophy. A few normal people can see a cleft tongue. The tongue is crimson and cracked, mostly due to heat syndrome; Most people with light and cracked tongue belong to deficiency of both qi and yin.
(3) Tongue image: Observe whether the tongue body is trembling, skewed, flabby and firm.
① Tremor: The tongue vibrates involuntarily, which is mostly caused by deficiency of both qi and blood or internal movement of liver wind.
② Oblique: The tongue inclines to one side, which is mostly a stroke hemiplegia or a precursor of stroke.
③ Weakness: the tongue is weak in stretching and rolling, which is mostly caused by deficiency of both qi and blood and dystrophy of tendons and veins.
④ Toughness: the tongue body is not soft, which is not conducive to flexion and extension, or even unable to rotate. Most of them are caused by high fever and excessive pathogenic heat, or are signs of stroke.
2. Tongue coating: Tongue coating is caused by stomach anger. Zhang Xugu said: "Tongue coating shows qi in the stomach, and stomach qi occurs in the heart and spleen. Therefore, people who are not sick often have a thin layer, which is the gas in their stomachs, just like the grass on the ground. If the land is barren, the soil will be lifeless. " Wu Kun 'an said: "The tongue is covered with moss, and the ground is covered with moss. The moss of the earth is born on moisture; Tongue coating is caused by stomach steaming and spleen dampness, so it is called coating. " Modern doctors believe that the formation of tongue coating is mainly the differentiation of filiform papillae. The ends of filamentous papillae differentiate into keratinized trees, and the gaps between the branches of keratinized trees are often filled with exfoliated keratinized epithelium, saliva, bacteria, food residues and oozing white blood cells, forming a normal tongue coating. The normal tongue coating is thin and white, the white coating is tender but not thick, with moderate dryness and wetness, and it is not slippery or dry. Observe the color, thickness and moisture of tongue coating.
(1) Moss color: white, yellow, gray and black.
① White fur is the most common in clinic, and other colors of fur can be considered to be formed on the basis of white fur. White fur generally belongs to the lung, with exterior syndrome and cold syndrome, but there are exterior syndrome and heat syndrome in clinic. Thin as white, moist as cold; Thin and white dryness is wind and heat; Cold-dampness syndrome can be seen as white and thick greasy fur.
② The yellow coating is light yellow, light yellow, dark yellow and brown. Generally speaking, the darker the yellow hair, the heavier the heat evil. Pale yellow and slightly hot; Pale yellow heat is heavier; Deep yellow heat is heavier; Brown is a hot knot; Yellow dryness is heat-induced body fluid; Yellow, greasy and damp.
③ Gray-black coating is mainly used for heat syndrome, and also has cold-dampness or deficiency-cold syndrome. The tongue coating is dark and dry, and body fluid is injured by heat; Dark and moist tongue coating is mostly caused by yang deficiency and cold excess. Gray-black moss is more common in the stage of severe illness.
(2) Thickness: thin coating, thick coating, less coating and no coating.
Thin fur is mostly the first disease, with pathogenic factors in the exterior and mild illness; Thick fur indicates that pathogenic factors are abundant and have internal transmission; Or gastrointestinal stagnation; Or phlegm. The thicker the moss, the stronger the pathogenicity and the more serious the disease. However, the formation of tongue coating reflects the presence or absence of stomach qi. Although the tongue coating is thick, it shows that there is another side of stomach qi, while less coating often indicates that the body is unhealthy, and no coating indicates that the stomach qi is insufficient and there is no chance to grow hair. Irregular tongue coating is peeling off on the tongue surface, and the peeling place is smooth and without coating, which is called flower peeling off, mostly due to deficiency of both stomach qi and yin. If there is greasy fur, it means that phlegm-dampness has not turned into dampness and healthy qi has been damaged.
(3) moistening dryness: reflecting body fluid. Normal tongue coating is neither dry nor wet, and no coating is dry, indicating that body fluid is consumed. Exogenous diseases are mostly dry and hot, while internal injuries are mostly yin deficiency and body fluid deficiency. The tongue coating is wet, indicating that the body fluid is not injured, but the coating surface is too wet, making the tongue stick out and drip, which is called slippery coating, indicating that there is moisture retention in the body.
Greasy coating: The coating is dense and delicate, such as a layer of turbid and smooth mucus covering the tongue surface, which is not easy to erase, and is mostly filled with phlegm and dampness.
Rotten moss: loose moss, such as bean curd residue, accumulates on the tongue surface and is easy to wipe off. Most of them are due to excessive steaming of turbid substances in the stomach, which is a manifestation of retaining the stomach and removing rot.
1. Normal tongue
Tongue picture: the tongue is reddish, moderately fat and thin, with thin and white tongue coating and moderate dryness.
2. Pale white tongue
Tongue picture: the tongue is pale white, fat and tender, and the tongue coating is white and thin.
Significance: Most of them are weak stomach qi or deficiency of qi and blood.
3. An old tongue with rough fur
Tongue image: the tongue is reddish, old, white with fur, yellowish and rough as gravel.
Significance: Dampness blocks the veins, so it can't absorb fluid, or sudden heat hurts fluid.
4. Pale white tongue coating is white
Tongue image: the tongue is pale white with white fur, and the middle part is as thick as powder.
Significance: Yang deficiency and heat floating can be seen in Yang deficiency and exogenous damp-heat.
5. Pale white tongue coating is black and dry
Tongue picture: the tongue is pale and white, the body is fat, and the tongue coating is dark and dry.
Significance: spleen loses health, turbidity is generated in the middle, phlegm and dampness clear the orifices.
6. Pink mirror tongue
Tongue image: the tongue is red and tender, with cracks at the edge, and the tongue surface is smooth and without moss, such as a mirror.
Significance: Deficiency of stomach yin or deficiency of both qi and yin.
7. ecchymosis tongue
Tongue image: the tongue is red and dark, with petechiae and ecchymosis at the edge, and the tongue coating is thin and white.
Significance: Blood stasis blocks collaterals and qi and blood stagnate.
8. Peel the tongue with pale safflower (map tongue)
Tongue picture: the tongue is reddish, the tongue body is skewed, and the tongue coating is white and greasy with peeling, showing a map shape.
Significance: Deficiency of both qi and yin in stomach, phlegm-dampness blocking collaterals.
9. Red tongue flower desquamate
Tongue image: the tongue is red and tender, with white greasy flower coating, bright without coating, or with white transparent coating.
Significance: Damp-heat hurts the yin, and the wet turbidity has not changed, which hurts the vaginal fluid.
10. Red and swollen tongue
Tongue image: the tongue is red, fat and swollen, unable to shrink into the mouth, with yellow coating between the tip of the tongue and the tongue, and white coating on the edge and root of the tongue.
Significance: Damp-heat fumigation, blood heat rising.
1 1.
Tongue picture: the tongue is reddish, with many blue spots on the tip of the tongue, uneven white greasy tongue coating and little middle coating.
Significance: qi stagnation and blood stasis or long-term illness without connecting qi and blood.
12. Pale red tongue coating is white and thick.
Tongue image: red tongue with thick and greasy coating.
Significance: Qi deficiency and blood stasis, phlegm drinking.
13. Pale red tongue coating is thick and rotten.
Tongue image: the tongue is reddish, slightly fat, with thick, white, rotten and greasy coating, which spreads all over the tongue surface, such as powder accumulation, and the surface is slightly yellow.
Significance: Damp-heat blocking triple energizer
14. reddish tongue coating is yellow and rough
Tongue image: the tongue is reddish, the tongue coating is yellow and dry, and rough as gravel.
Significance: Gastrointestinal accumulation of heat with dampness, damp heat turns to dryness.
15. Red tongue with greasy fur
Tongue image: red tongue, thick and greasy fur, white and yellow edges, black in the middle.
Significance: Yang deficiency goes up, while damp-heat goes up.
16. Red tongue without coating
Tongue image: the tongue is red and tender, with cracks in the middle, except for a little residual coating on the edge of the tongue, Yu Guangying has no coating.
Significance: Injury of stomach, kidney, qi and yin.
17. Toothed tongue
Tongue image: the tongue is slightly red, with fat teeth marks, longitudinal cracks in the middle of the tongue, and thin white fur with coarse particles.
Significance: spleen deficiency and dampness block internal heat.
18. cracked tongue
Tongue image: the tongue body is slightly thin, mostly knife-cut, and the tongue coating is thin and white.
Significance: yin deficiency, deficiency of true yin, fire deficiency and inflammation.
19. cracked tongue
Tongue image: the tongue is pale white and blue, the tongue body is thick, there is a deep crack in the middle, the tongue edge crack is like a knife, and the tongue coating is white and greasy.
Significance: deficiency of both qi and blood, deficiency of kidney yin.
20. Red tongue and white rot
Tongue image: the tongue is red, the tongue coating is white and thick, and the particles are thick and loose, such as bean curd residue piled on the tongue surface.
Significance: Phlegm-food coagulation, damp-heat transpiration.
2 1. Yellow humus with red tongue.
Tongue image: the tongue is red with red spots, the tongue body is old, the tongue coating changes from white to grayish yellow, thick rot accumulates, and there are longitudinal cracks on it.
Significance: Damp heat, filth and turbidity accumulate in it.
22. Dark red tongue with yellow coating
Tongue image: the tongue is red and dark, with thick brown fur and cracks.
Significance: Gastrointestinal heat stagnation, Fu Qi impassability.
23. Red tongue coating is yellow and white
Tongue image: red tongue with red spots, yellow and white fur, thick, covered with rice flour.
Significance: pathogenic heat, dampness and toxin are contained in it.
24. Dark red tongue and yellow dried moss
Tongue image: the tongue is dark reddish, the tongue body is thin, and the tongue coating is thick and brown.
Significance: excess heat is dry in gastrointestinal tract.
25. Red tongue coating is yellow and black.
Tongue image: the tongue is dark red, old, with red spots on the tip of the tongue, thin white fur turns grayish yellow, and the roots are grayish black and greasy.
Significance: wind and phlegm are disturbing, and phlegm is hot and full of fu-organs.
26. Red tongue coating is black and rough
Tongue image: the tongue is crimson with red spots, covered with black rough moss and piled up into a block.
Significance: Heat toxin is internal solid and phlegm is internal solid.
27. red tongue
Tongue image: the tongue is red with red punctate protrusions, with white greasy coating and yellowish surface.
Meaning: Stagnation and heat are separated.
28. Blue and thin tongue
Tongue image: thin face, dark blue, thick white tongue coating.
Significance: cold and dampness stagnate, and qi and blood stagnate.
29. Blush tongue peeling
Tongue image: the tongue is dark purple, with strips and no coating on the tongue surface.
Significance: clearing heat and nourishing blood, damaging yin and blocking collaterals.
30. Pale white tongue coating is watery.
Tongue image: the tongue is light and fat, with white smooth coating on the tip of the tongue and yellow coating on the middle root, which is thick and sticky.
Significance: Deficiency of kidney yang; Wet, turbid and hot.
3 1. The tongue is red and thin.
Tongue image: the tongue is crimson in nature, slender in body, with thick yellow scales and moss, cracked into pieces, and the rest are stripped without moss.
Significance: Gastrointestinal fever is related to yin deficiency and excessive fire.
32. The tongue is red and fat with ecchymosis.
Tongue image; The tongue is crimson with ecchymosis, the body of the tongue is swollen, the surface of the tongue is damaged, the coating is white and slippery, and it is sauce-colored.
Significance: Damp toxin is abundant in the interior.