The mandible is divided into body and ascending branch, and both sides of the body are combined in the middle. There are two bony processes above the mandibular branch, the posterior one is called condyle, and the anterior one is called coracoid process (myoid process), and the concave edge between them is called sigmoid notch. The intersection of the posterior edge of the ascending branch and the lower edge of the mandible is called mandibular angle, and there is a hole in the middle of the medial surface of the ascending branch called mandibular foramen, which is a pipe extending downward and forward in the mandible, called mandibular canal.

Extended data

The mandibular canal passes through a hole between the roots of the first and second premolars, which is called mental hole. The inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels enter the mandibular canal from the mandibular foramen and advance, and the mental nerve and blood vessels are separated at the mental foramen. The normal angle of mandibular angle is 120, and there should be no edges and corners on the outside, while the hypertrophy of mandibular angle includes two aspects:

First, the mandibular angle is too small, showing a "national" face, and women are not gentle.

Second, the valgus and thickening of the mandible make the face trapezoidal, which does not meet the aesthetic standards. This condition is often accompanied by masseter hypertrophy. The patient's face is wider and more trapezoidal, and the side view shows the male mandibular angle, lacking a soft and smooth contour. In the past, the mandibular angle was treated by extraoral incision, which would leave scars, and the osteotomy line was uneven and the appearance line was not smooth, especially in a few cases, which might damage the facial nerve. Intraoral bone grinding can avoid complications.