On January 6th, 218, the top ten "scientific" gossip lists of 217 were announced. Ten academicians and experts broke these rumors on the spot by reasoning, putting data and doing experiments.

release

release the list of the top ten "scientific" rumors, academicians and experts uncover the truth

The top ten "scientific" rumors released this time in 217 were selected by expert judges from 94 "scientific" rumors released in 217 based on the amount of data searched by Baidu, which are closely related to people's lives. Among them, "Porphyra vermicelli rice is made of plastic" and "Watermelon does not rot for 4 days because it is sprayed with preservatives" related to food safety; There are also things that are related to human health, such as "a drop of blood can detect cancer", "rabies vaccine is ineffective", "freezing can lead to arthritis" and "never blow when you are confined to the moon"; There are also hot news related to "the left brain is responsible for language and the right brain is responsible for images", "there are aliens on the back of the moon", "you need to wear a gravitational wave radiation suit" and "Zhejiang University has developed a quantum invisibility cloak".

Guo Guangcan, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and a quantum information scientist, Chen Junshi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and an expert on food safety, Shen Zheng, a professor of Peking University School of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Sun Tiezheng, chief physician of the Department of Osteoarthrosis of People's Hospital, Zhang Jun, chief physician of Obstetrics and Gynecology of anzhen hospital, Beijing, and other ten academicians and experts refuted and interpreted the top ten "scientific" rumors one by one through reasoning, putting data and doing experiments, which not only spread scientific knowledge to the public, but also practiced scientific spirit.

Truth

Gravitational wave news screen

Need to wear "anti-gravitational wave radiation suit" for special protection?

Myth:

Since gravitational waves were discovered, many online merchants quickly launched the "world premiere! A gravitational wave radiation-proof suspender vest made of high-tech fiber, specially designed for pregnant women? " "Precious limited edition, high-tech silver fiber vest, can prevent gravitational waves?" Such as "anti-gravitational wave radiation suit".

Truth:

After the report that gravitational waves were discovered was widely spread, many related products appeared on the Internet, most of which were used to prevent gravitational wave radiation, because everyone would "panic" as long as they saw the word "radiation"-since gravitational waves have reached the earth, of course, we must find ways to prevent gravitational wave radiation! The "anti-gravitational wave radiation suit" specially made for pregnant women is the best seller.

as long as the temperature of any object is higher than absolute zero (-273.15), it will radiate energy. For example, the hot water in a glass will become the same as the room temperature sooner or later. But only ionizing radiation with high energy has the ability to destroy human body, such as rays and X-rays. Even electromagnetic waves, if not exposed to strong electromagnetic waves for a long time, have a weak impact on the human body. Gravitational waves, as a kind of space-time fluctuation with energy, have always existed in the universe, and have little impact on human body, so they do not need protection at all.

A major breakthrough has been made in cancer screening

A drop of blood can "detect cancer"?

Gossip:

An article entitled "Breakthrough! A drop of blood can detect cancer and has been approved for clinical use. The article mentioned an "old news" in October 216: "The Luo Yongzhang team of School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University independently developed a kit for detecting heat shock protein 9. Patients only need to take a drop of blood, which can be used for cancer condition monitoring and treatment effect evaluation. "

Truth:

As early as 213, when the media reported the research results of "tumor marker heat shock protein 9(Hsp9)" for the first time, Luo Yongzhang once refuted the statement that it was also called "blood drop to detect cancer" at that time: "The statement of" blood drop to detect tumor "is very inaccurate, to be exact, it should be called" monitoring tumor ". Cancer patients are tested once before treatment, and then blood samples are taken after treatment. By comparing the changes of Hsp9 content, doctors can be assisted to evaluate the treatment effect and can be continuously monitored. "

When the articles whose titles were misread caused widespread concern on the Internet, Luo Yongzhang also responded quickly in his circle of friends: the biggest advantage of swollen marks (tumor markers) is that they are fast, convenient and cheap, which may screen out many dangerous people. It is not wrong that a drop of blood can detect the condition and evaluate the curative effect of cancer, and it is not said that cancer can be detected 1% (this is also the direction of our current efforts).

a monitoring marker for lung cancer and liver cancer, such as Hsp9, may be more valuable in monitoring the condition and treatment effect of postoperative patients. If it is used for screening, it must be assisted by other means, and it should be aimed at high-risk groups rather than the general public.

Cold weakens immunity

Can freezing lead to arthritis?

Myth:

Long-term or severe cold stimulation can weaken the metabolism and immune defense ability of articular cartilage, and make the cartilage surface fester and break, resulting in inflammation and arthritis.

Truth:

Most osteoarthritis is related to the joint reaching its service life, while some autoimmune arthritis is caused by attacking its own joint tissue due to immune system disorder. In addition, there are purulent arthritis caused by microbial infection, but there is no arthritis directly caused by cold. Arthritis patients may have symptoms of joint pain after catching cold, which makes people mistakenly think that cold is the chief culprit of arthritis.

almost all people will have some pathological changes in the weight-bearing joints when they are 4 years old.

At present, the known risk factors of osteoarthritis include old age, obesity, estrogen deficiency, abnormal bone mineral density (osteoporosis and sclerosis), excessive exercise, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, trauma, abnormal joint morphology, muscle weakness around joints and repeated stress load.

leg pain after catching cold is indeed one of the manifestations of arthritis, but cold is not the direct cause of arthritis. Although you won't get arthritis directly because of freezing, freezing of joints will lead to muscle contraction around joints, joint stiffness, decreased blood circulation and synovial fluid secretion, and may also lead to decreased immunity, which will increase the burden of joints and the possibility of injury. If you already have arthritis, it will aggravate related symptoms, so it is not wrong to pay attention to keeping warm joints in cold weather.

(According to Yang Guang)

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