1, deciduous tree, Sophora japonica with large spherical cap, dense branches and leaves, long flowering period and covered with green shade. The flowers are bisexual, terminal, butterfly-shaped, yellow-white, flowering in July and August, and the fruit ripens in165438+1October. Pod meat is beaded, dry and not cracked after maturity, often hanging on the treetops and not falling in winter.

2. Growing habits

Cold-tolerant, sunny, slightly tolerant to shade, not tolerant to humidity and drought. Poor growth in low-lying stagnant water, deep roots, lax requirements for soil, barren resistance. It can also grow normally in lime and mild saline-alkali soil (salt content is about 0. 15%), but it grows best in wet, fertile, deep and well-drained sandy soil.

3. Garden use

Fast growth, hard texture, elasticity, straight texture, easy processing, corrosion resistance, flower buds can be used as dyes, pulp can be used as medicine, seeds can be used as feed and so on. It is also a windbreak and sand fixation, timber and economic forest tree species, and is a good shade tree and street tree species in urban and rural areas.

Step 4 feed

It is mainly used for sowing and propagation, and can also be used for cutting. The poor water permeability of spring sowing is because the seed coat has a fence layer that is closely combined with cells. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in water with an initial temperature of 85-90 degrees for 24 hours, and the remaining hard particles were treated 1-2 times. Seeds can be sown when they absorb water and swell. The row spacing of drilling is 20-25 cm, and the covering thickness is 1.5-2 cm. Reasonable close planting at seedling stage can prevent the trunk from bending. Generally, 6-8 seedlings are left per meter, and the annual seedlings are as high as 1 meter. Seedlings can also be transplanted and fixed in early spring. Sophora japonica has strong germination ability. If the cultivated seedlings form a good dry shape, they can be cut off in the early spring of the following year to increase the spacing between plants. When the seedlings were 3-4 meters high, the trunk was straight, thick and smooth.

Management and maintenance of Sophora japonica

Make a final selection (of seedlings)

Generally, after sowing, seedlings begin to emerge in 7 ~ 10 days, and 10 ~ 15 days. When the seedlings grow 2~3 true leaves, the mulch should be removed. When the seedling height 15cm, the seedling spacing 10~ 15cm, and the number of seedlings per mu is about 8000.

transplant

For green seedlings, it usually takes 3-4 years to leave the nursery. Because the top branches of seedlings have dense buds and short spacing, the trunk is easy to bend. In the spring of the following year, the annual seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 40-50 cm and a row spacing of 70-80 cm. After planting, the trunk can be cut off 3-5 cm from the ground. Because Sophora japonica has the ability to germinate, it is easy to germinate in large quantities after cutting. When the sprouted branches grow to about 20cm, choose 1 upright and robust branches as the trunk, and smooth all other branches. Pay attention to tillering and lateral movement at any time in the future, and temporarily keep the weak lateral branches in the upper, middle and lower parts of the trunk, which is beneficial to prevent the trunk from bending. In this way, the seedling height in the second year can reach more than 3 meters.

Fertilizer and water management

The watering times of Sophora japonica seedlings should be determined according to climatic conditions, soil texture and other factors. Under normal circumstances, water should be poured 2-3 times from emergence to rainy season, and frozen water should be poured 1 time before the nursery freezes to prevent timely drainage in case of waterlogging; Before sowing, about 3000 kilograms of base fertilizer (mainly organic fertilizer or ring fertilizer) should be applied to each mu of nursery land. By the first ten days of June, 8~ 10kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea) can be applied topdressing per mu in coordination with watering, and urea can be applied topdressing in July and August (it is best to mix a proper amount of compound fertilizer 12~3 times, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time is about 30kg). Stop watering and fertilization after September to promote lignification of seedlings.

Plastic trimming

According to the need, it can be shaped and trimmed into three tree types: natural happy, cup-shaped and natural closed-axis trunk. Natural happiness refers to fixing the trunk when it is more than 3m long, selecting 3-4 branches with healthy growth and appropriate angles as the main branches, and removing the side branches and buds below the main branches in time. When cutting in winter, the main branches should be cut short and medium, leaving 50-60 cm to promote the growth of secondary branches and form small crowns; Cup-shaped, that is, keep three main branches like a natural heart, and cut two side branches from each main branch in winter to form six branchlets. In summer, the growth is controlled by coring, and two branches are cut off from each twig in the following winter to form a cup-shaped "three branches and six weights 12 branches". The trunk shape of natural combination means that after the main branches are retained, as long as the strong terminal buds and upright buds are retained in the future, they should be pruned to cultivate strong branches at all levels, so that the crown will continue to expand.