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Liulianshu
One of the famous tropical fruits.
This entry is a polysemous word with four senses.
Learn about durian in one minute
What can I choose besides the golden pillow and Cat Mountain King? This niche durian is worth a taste!
What is the truth of poisoning after villagers plundered durian in Guangxi? This durian is not recommended!
The ancients taught you how to pick durian.
How to choose a good durian
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Plant circle
Jun Ai En
20 19- 1 1-20
Homemade strawberry-flavored durian pizza durian is a strange fruit. Do you like it? The person you like thinks Wan Li smells good, and the person you hate thinks it stinks. I said I especially like eating ... spread out
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Jun Ai En
20 19- 1 1-25
The homemade durian ice cream tastes bad in summer and can't stand the temptation of ice cream. So in summer, I like to cook all kinds of summer food at home, so I do it at home. ...
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Jun Ai En
20 19- 1 1-25
I like durian very much, but I dare not eat too much at once. I'm afraid I'll try to kill the endless durian. I made durian cookies this time, but I didn't ...
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Xiangyangzhong
20 19- 12-02
Homemade durian Melaleuca durian Melaleuca is a celebrity cake on the Internet for a long time, and I like to eat it myself. Then I figured out how to do it myself. Actually, it's not difficult You ... unfold.
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Jun Ai En
20 19- 1 1-24
Do you like durian cake baked at home? Durian, the person you like always thinks it is delicious and especially sweet. People who don't love are respectful ... spread out
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Durian (scientific name: Durio zibethinus Murr) is a giant tropical evergreen tree of Malvaceae, with oblong leaves, sharp tips, cymes, light yellow color, football-sized fruit, solid peel and dense triangular thorns. The pulp is composed of aril, light yellow, sticky and juicy. This is a fruit with great economic value.
Durian is one of the famous tropical fruits, which is native to Malaysia. Some countries in Southeast Asia have more crops, among which Thailand has the most. China, Guangdong and Hainan are also planted. Durian is the most famous in Thailand and is known as the "king of fruit". Its smell is strong, people who love it praise its smell, and people who hate it complain about its smell.
It is accompanied by a legend. During the Ming Dynasty in ancient China, when the sailing fleet arrived in today's Southeast Asia and tasted the local specialty fruit, Zheng He praised the fruit greatly. But this kind of fruit can only be harvested once a year, so it is named nostalgia, and later generations take its homonym, called durian. [ 1]
Chinese name
Liulianshu
Latin scientific name
Durio Sibertinas Moore.
Binomial nomenclature/system
Durio Kibesinus
boundary
plant kingdom
door
Vascular endothelial cell
Malaysian durian was first chartered to China.
Malaysian durian arrived in China for the first time from chartered flight on 27th. Malaysian officials expressed the hope to expand durian exports to China through chartered flight. In June this year, Malaysian frozen "Maoshanwang" durian was sent to China for the first time. Salahudin, Malaysia's Ministry of Agriculture, said at that time that the export of "Maoshanwang" durian to China was expected to bring Malaysia at least 500 million ringgit (about 840 million yuan) in the future.
Chinese government net 20 19-08-28
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navigate by water/air
Morphological characteristics, distribution range of growing environment, propagation methods, cultivation techniques, species classification, main values, plant cultivation, and food nutrients.
Botanical history
There are two theories. One originated in Malaysia and was introduced to Thailand during the Dacheng Dynasty. In Malay, durian is called "Tuliang", while in Thai, it has always been called "durian". Another way of saying it was introduced from Tahuai, Mali and naoshi in Myanmar.
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Fruit durian real shot
One is 1787. When the Siamese army attacked Myanmar, it tried to seize his arms, but failed to conquer it. During the siege. Due to the difficulty in transportation and the lack of food and grass in the army, the generals had to order their soldiers to look around for wild fruits to satisfy their hunger. The soldiers found a huge prickly fruit durian in the forest. When they tried to cut it open, it was unexpectedly sweet and delicious. Later, when going back and forth to Bangkok, many officers and men took durian stones with them and planted them around their houses. It is said that durian trees have been growing in the yards of the descendants of officers and men who have been to Myanmar 100 to 150 years before Bangkok. These durian trees became extinct due to two floods: 187 1 and 1942.
The second type was introduced into southern Thailand by merchant ships between Thailand and Myanmar, and later spread from Surat Thani to Bangkok and other places.
morphological character
Documentary Thais collapsed! China people eat 80% durian?
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Evergreen trees, up to 25 meters high, with scales at the top of young branches. Stipules are 1.5-2 cm long, with oblong leaves, sometimes obovate oblong, short or acute, rounded or obtuse at the base, shiny on both sides, smooth at the top, scales attached on the back, and lateral veins 10- 12 pairs, with length 15 cm. Petiole length 1.5-2.8 cm, cymes are slender and drooping, clustered on stems or big branches, with 3-30 flowers in each order; The bud is spherical; Pedicel scaly, 2-4 cm long.
Liulianshu
Bracts support calyx, shorter than calyx, tubular calyx, 2.5-3 cm high, swollen at base, densely pilose inside, with 5-6 short and wide calyx teeth; Petals are yellowish white, 3.5-5 cm long, twice as long as calyx, rectangular spoon-shaped, and turned back; There are 5 bundles of stamens, each bundle has filaments 4- 18, and the filaments are combined at the base 1/4- 1/2; The capsule is oval, light yellow or yellowish green, long 15-30cm, thick 13- 15cm, with 2-6 seeds per room, white or yellowish white aril and strong smell. Flowering and fruiting period: June-65438+February. [2]
Durian is a very contradictory fruit. In some places, it is regarded as a fruit of religious worship, but it is forbidden to be brought into public places because of its pungent smell. Durian is as big as a football. Its skin is rough and uneven, its juice is light yellow, its smell is extremely smelly, but its taste is delicate and sweet. But this kind of fruit is called "the king of fruit" because it is extremely rich in nutrition. But many foreigners can't stand his smell and throw it out of the window before tasting it. [3]
Will durian die?
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growing environment
Durian is a pure tropical crop, and its phenological feature is that the daily average temperature of durian is above 22℃. Frost-free areas can be planted, and parts of China, Hainan and Yunnan provinces can be developed. Because durian can only grow and bear fruit in the climate with high temperature all the year round, even in the equatorial region, the highland above 600m above sea level can not grow durian or bear fruit because of the temperature drop. [ 1]
distribution range
Origin is Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. Some people think it originated in the Philippines. Durian grows all over Southeast Asia, mainly in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places. Other durian growing areas include Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, West Indies, Florida, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, Polynesia, Madagascar, northern Australia and Singapore.
It is cultivated in China, Guangdong and Hainan. [2]
breeding method
Seeds are often used to cultivate durian, but the genetic variability of durian is great. Each seed may produce ten kinds of fruits with different qualities, and inferior durian can produce excellent varieties. Similarly, good durian can also produce inferior varieties, and some real durians will not bear fruit for life. In order to cultivate excellent varieties, ensure the purity, early fruiting and high yield of varieties, grafting propagation is often used to cultivate durian.
bud grafting
Almost all dicotyledonous woody plants can germinate and reproduce except monocotyledonous plants and some plants with irregular cambium. The size of a pencil. Now the rootstock stem leaves the soil 10cm. Cut two slits with a width of 0.7cm and a length of 3 ~ 4 cm from top to bottom, cut a knife at the top of the two slits, and pull the skin up to the same length as the bud. Leave a little skin at the lower end of the incision to hold the bud. The process of bud taking is the same as that of anvil water cutting and lifting. After inlaying, use plastic film tape with the width of 1cm to tie it tightly. It is best not to touch the rain for two days.
Note that except durian, other fruit tree budding methods can completely wrap the buds, because the buds on the buds are easy to fall off. We will know if it is still alive in two weeks. After survival, the top of the rootstock is cut off about 30cm away from the grafted bud to stimulate the rapid growth of the bud eye. In the future, rootstocks will breed a large number of rootstocks. These rootstocks cannot be completely removed. One or two rootstocks must be lodging to help the grafted buds absorb nutrients. However, the remaining rootstocks should not be allowed to grow excessively, and they should be pruned frequently so as not to hinder the growth of grafted buds. [4]
Wedge grafting
Seedlings that have not yet grown leaves or become wood are the most suitable rootstocks. Cut the rootstock at a distance of 6 ~ 7 cm, and cut a knife down in the middle of the flat rootstock pile to a depth of about 1cm to form a "V" shape; Take a branch tip with two or three buds equal to the diameter of the anvil stake as a scion, about 8 ~ 10 cm long, cut off 3/4 leaves, flatten the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape, insert it into the slit of the anvil stake, and tie it tightly with a film tape. After that, cover the whole seedling with transparent plastic bags to prevent the scion from evaporation. After about two or three weeks in the shade, if the leaves of the scion do not fall off, it will be successful.
receive
Only suitable for a small number of propagation, plastic bags planted seedlings, about six or seven months can be used as rootstocks. The branch size of scion is similar to that of rootstock, and the most ideal technology is upright nutrition. [4]
Cutting propagation method
The branches used are about 15cm long and the diameter is as big as chopsticks. There should be several leaves and buds, and two-thirds of each leaf should be cut off to prevent water from evaporating. The branch tips are obliquely cut or cut 1 cm from bottom to top, coated with a layer of hormone rooting agent, inserted into a wet sand cup, and watered in a greenhouse with poor light. After seven or eight weeks, if the leaves don't fall off and the young roots grow, they can be transplanted into plastic bags.
Abdominal branch transplantation
The size of rootstock can be arbitrary, as long as it has grown into wood, the cortex is easy to peel off, the cutting tip is arbitrary, and the cutting process is similar to bud grafting. Select 10cm long robust buds that have not yet opened leaves and are not yet mature as scions. The length of the scion is slightly shorter than that of the rootstock incision. Insert it into the rootstock incision, tie it tightly with plastic tape, then wrap it tightly with transparent plastic paper and put it in the shade. Cut off the tape after two weeks, but don't remove the tape until the branches grow out.
air layering
Stratification in the air is not seasonal. Select branches with a larger pencil and tie them about 3 cm long at a distance of about 40 cm from the end. After peeling, it is necessary to cut off the cambium at the incision with the back of the knife, otherwise the incision cortex will recover and cannot take root. Cover the incision with a mass of wet soil the size of a duck egg. Wrap three layers with plastic paper and tie them tightly at both ends. After about three months, the new roots can be cut off from the mother. Cut the plastic paper, plant it in the black plastic bag of fruit seedlings and put it in the shade. It will be transplanted in about a month or two. Durian is rarely used for breeding because of its low survival rate. [4]
cultivation techniques
Planting height
It can be planted when it is 30~40 cm, with a row spacing of 3m×5m, and base fertilizer, soil miscellaneous fertilizer and appropriate amount of lime are applied as base fertilizer. It can be planted all year round, and it is best to bring native seeds.
Fertilization management
Results Fertilization should be applied 1 time every year, that is, spring budding fertilizer, summer fruit swelling fertilizer and pre-harvest fertilizer, especially fruit swelling fertilizer. Deep application of organic fertilizer after fruit harvesting.
Plastic trimming
Because of its strong germination ability, attention should be paid to shaping after planting 1~2 years, and the fruit should be pruned in time after picking to maintain a good tree shape.
Species classification
There are 200 varieties of durian in Thailand, but 60 to 80 kinds are widely planted. Among them, there are three most famous species: light species: Yiluan, Jiaoluntong, Harufuji, Jinzhen and Chani, which bear fruit after four or five years; Medium species: long stalks and long valleys, bearing fruit in six to eight years; Re-planting: Kampong, Ina, eight-year results. They bear fruit once a year, and the maturity time is one or two months apart.
Liulianshu
Among them, people are familiar with:
(1) gold pillow, (Meng Tong), is a very popular one. Its meat is fat and sweet, and its meat is golden yellow. Often one of the petals is relatively large, which is called "main meat". Because the smell is not too strong, it is very suitable for beginners to "get started" and eat this smelly and fragrant fruit. Golden pillows can be eaten all year round, but the price changes with the season. The price is the cheapest and the peak season is the best.
(2) Among them, the leaves are small, the head is small, the flesh is much, the nucleus is small, and the dark yellow flesh is better.
(3) Long stalk: It is named because the stalk of this durian is longer than other varieties. This variety has a long and round handle, and the whole durian is mainly round. The pulp and stone are also round, with green skin, dense thorns, large stone, small and delicate pulp and rich flavor.
(4) Ancient Ye Tao: The meat is particularly delicate, as sweet as honey, with a small core, which is welcomed by foodies and is the most expensive durian. Durian in Thailand has a wide range of producing areas, ranging from warm Li Wu in the central part to Luo Yong in the mobile part. Durian from Bazhen Li Wu won the championship. Durian in southern Thailand is not as good as durian in central and eastern Thailand. However, due to the late maturity, other durian seasons are "scarce". [5]