After cutting and planting, when pruning in autumn, if the new shoot length is 1 m, leave about 50 cm for cutting; If the growth of new shoots is weak in that year, only short basal 1 ~ 2 buds can be left. After germination in the following spring, two strong buds should be left for each 1 main vine to make it grow into new buds. When the new buds grow to 30 ~ 50 cm, they should be tied to the surface of the frame to prevent the wind from breaking. After autumn, the new shoots can be as long as 2 ~ 3 meters, and then pruned according to the growth strength. General robust shoots are1.0 ~1.5m; After germination in the spring of the third year, two robust vines are selected as main vines for cultivation, which can be 3-4 meters long in autumn and 6.0 meters long when cut before winter1.5-2.0 meters.
In order to use local materials and reduce costs, Vitis amurensis is mostly supported by stone pillars, and sorghum stalks and kudzu vine are used as binding materials.
Inclined scaffolding, from the rhizosphere of grape plants, 1 m away, erected a stone pillar of 1, about 45 cm away from the ground; On the same line, the distance is about 1.5 meters, and then a second stone pillar is erected, which is higher than 1 root, and its height depends on the terrain; After that, a stone pillar will be erected every 2.0 meters, and the height will gradually increase. Until the last stone pillar is about 2.9 meters high, the frame surface will not tilt. The number of stone pillars in each row depends on the frame length, generally 4-5, 7-8 in each row, and the spacing between two rows is1.5-2.0m. The width of each shed surface depends on the topography, ground and plant morphology. Generally, 3 ~ 4 rows of columns are set, and each row of columns is connected with each other to form a connected scaffold. When pruning in winter, first remove the wooden poles and collect them, and then use them as scaffolding after the grapes are unearthed the next year. When erecting the frame, first put wooden poles at the top of each stone pillar longitudinally, and then tie them firmly. Then in the lower part of the frame, where there is a large load, wooden poles are used as beams, which are 50-60 cm square, and iron wires are used as beams in the middle and upper parts. In order to prevent the branches and vines from slipping after being tied to the wire, a sorghum stalk can be tied every 50-60 cm in the vertical direction of the wire to form a grid so as to tie new buds. When the frame is erected, the surface of the cage should be smooth to make the force uniform.
The erection form and direction of inclined scaffolding are different due to different topography and landforms. Generally speaking, scaffolding can be set up on gentle hillside land, under the mountain and on the mountain. In places with complex terrain such as different slopes, valleys and river banks, scaffolding surfaces with different inclination angles can be built according to the terrain.
The inclined large trellis has a small angle between the trunk and the ground, which is convenient for grapes to be taken off the trellis and buried underground to prevent cold, and the surface of the trellis has a large light receiving area. Even scaffolding can be set up on slate, and grapes can be planted in deeper soil at the foot of the mountain. This framework is suitable for mountainous areas with complex terrain.
(2) Shaping and pruning There are many kinds of shaping of large scaffolding, such as single stem, double stem, multi-main vine and no stem. In gentle areas, the connecting scaffolding with high planting density is often single-stem or double-stem with few main vines. However, if the planting is sparse or single scaffolding is used, multi-stem and multi-main vines are used for plastic surgery. Because the frame shape and structure of greenhouse are different, the plastic methods are also different:
① At the beginning of this topic, the shaping process of long shoots of multi-main vines in the first three years after pruning is introduced. From now on, except for the extension branch of 1, the lateral branch of 1 ~ 2 will be selected on the main vine every year. When selecting extension branches, we should pay attention to maintaining the subordinate relationship of the main side vines, so that the main side vines with different lengths grow alternately and are evenly distributed on the frame surface. After the top end extends forward, the space left is supplemented by the extension of the top end of the next main vine. The top ends of large, medium and small main vines extend continuously respectively, and new branches are distributed in the front, middle and back parts of the whole frame surface. While the new buds at all levels continue to extend forward, we should pay attention to cultivating the new buds sprouting from the hidden buds at the base as preparatory branches. This modeling method can not only make full use of robust branches and vines, but also inhibit the polar growth of branches and vines, so as not to cause the defects of bare base of main vines and uneven distribution of branches and vines on the shelf.
The length of the branches pruned by the long tips of multi-main vines can be determined according to the fullness of the branches, and the branches with insufficient growth should be pruned from the base. Branches and vines that generally grow at the top are mostly strong and can be cut off above 12 buds; Select 1 ~ 3 tendrils, select long spreading shoots with strong growth potential at the apex, and select 1 ~ 2 lateral tendrils at a certain distance below, and the cutting length of the lateral tendrils shall not exceed the main spreading long shoots; The distance between the main vine and the lateral vine should be 30 ~ 40 cm.
For perennial main vines with high branch density, attention should be paid to thinning the twin branches and triple branches of the set, and the weaker branches can be thinned or shrunk from the base to the branches of the lateral vines. With the growth of tree age, the number of big branches that need to be regenerated increases year by year, but at the same time, we must pay attention to cultivating new buds and vines growing at the base for regeneration. Only by thinning old trees and renewing them year by year can we keep the trees strong and prolong the fruiting period.
(2) The growth force of each main vine is balanced by pruning the short tips of several main vines, and there is no obvious difference between the main vine and the lateral vine; Branches and vines are arranged at equal distances on the shelf surface, with a spacing of about 40 cm.
After cutting planting, let the new buds that occurred in that year grow naturally, and after autumn, leave two buds at the base and cut them short to promote them to grow strong new buds in the next year. As the trunk, the length of cuttings after one-year pruning is slightly shorter than that of long branches with multiple main vines. In the autumn of the following year, when the new shoots are about 3.0 meters long, leave 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters for cutting. In the spring of the third year, two robust new shoots were selected at the top for extension, and the remaining new shoots were picked when they grew to 12 leaves. After autumn, when the two elongated branches are 3.0 ~ 5.0 meters long, cut at 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters. In the future, the pruning length of new shoots should be extended according to the growth intensity of branches and vines, but the pruning length should not be too long, so that nutrition can be concentrated, new shoots can be promoted, fixed fruiting parts can be cultivated, and the lower part will not be bald. For each lateral vine, except for the extended branches, the basal 1 ~ 2 buds are kept short. The following spring, these short vines usually bear fruit. Autumn 1 ~ 2 buds are still short and pruned every year. After a long time, some old stubbles with short branches are formed on the trunk, which the locals call "dragon claws". These African claws are fixed fruit parts of branches. The number of dragonflies determines the yield, but it should not be too much, generally around 15 ~ 25 cm, and 1 is appropriate. The cutting length of extended branches depends on the growth intensity of new shoots, but it is shorter than long branches. After the main branch is formed, the cutting length of the extended branch is generally less than 20 knots. After entering the full fruit stage, the length of the tree gradually weakens, and the length of the cutting tip is extended, generally only 7 ~ 10 knots are left. If the cutting length of the extension branch is too long and the supply of fertilizer and water is insufficient, it is easy to be blind. When the baldness caused by blindness is too large, new branches can be replanted from the base.
For grape plants with multiple main vines and short branches pruned, attention should be paid to leaving 1 bud in each short branch in spring, thinning or not thinning the ear, and pinching the inflorescence tip lightly, because the total branches and leaves are small.
In order to keep the growth balance between new shoots and prevent the growth of a single new shoot from being too vigorous to affect the normal growth of other new shoots, the vigorous new shoots and the main shoots before stopping growth can be enucleated before flowering. For secondary branches, the core was removed every 8 ~ 10 days 1 time.
(3) Multiple main vines with long and short shoots. This pruning method is characterized by less main vines and large spacing, with the spacing of 100 ~ 150 cm, which is divided into main vines and lateral vines. In the fruiting part of the main vine, the method of alternately pruning the long and short tips is adopted to prevent the bare base of the main vine from being caused by the polarity of the top of the vine. The number of main vines is kept at 3-4.
When this pruning method is adopted, 2 ~ 3 elongated vines are left at the top of the main vine during pruning, and the fruiting mother vines with different lengths are selected below. Lengthened rattan leaves 15 ~ 20 short nodes, and lateral rattan leaves are about 12 nodes. Therefore, the cutting length of the mother vine is determined according to the growth intensity. Strong rattan does not exceed 12 knots, medium rattan 8-9 knots and weak rattan 3-4 knots; Results The suitable spacing of mother vines was about 65438 02 knots, and all the vines in this interval were cut with 2 buds. After bearing fruit, the mother vine decides whether to stay or not according to the strength of growth. Weak growth can be thinned in winter, and new vines can be selected nearby to replace them. Those who grow vigorously can continue to be fruiting vines. Too dense branches and vines should be removed in time.
In this pruning method, the number of buds may be more because there are fewer main vines. Therefore, we should pay attention to wiping buds and thinning branches in spring. In order to inhibit the overgrowth of individual branches and vines, attention should be paid to pinching.