The plant is plump and beautiful, and has strong adaptability. It is an excellent potted plant. Suitable for living room, study and bedroom. In the shade of the courtyard and on the balcony of the building, you can also see spring, summer and autumn. It can also be planted alone in the courtyard, which is a nectar source plant in South China in winter. Leaves and bark can be used as medicine.
The cultivated Liriodendron enjoys semi-shade and can be watched for a long time in a bright and ventilated home. If you have about 4 hours of direct light indoors every day, you can grow well. Varieties with yellow and white stripes, such as weak light or biased application of nitrogen fertilizer, will blur their stripes and lose their original characteristics.
The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 25℃, and the lowest temperature in winter should not be lower than 5℃, otherwise the leaves will fall off. New leaves will grow next spring.
It grows well in the environment with high air humidity and sufficient soil moisture, but it has strong adaptability to the dry climate in the north. Pay attention to the pot soil can not be short of water, otherwise it will cause a large number of leaves to fall off. Water should be properly controlled under low temperature conditions in winter.
Liquid fertilizer should be applied every 1 ~ 2 weeks in the growing season.
Change the basin once a year in spring, and pay attention to drainage if using plastic containers. Potted soil is made of peat soil, humus soil, perlite and a small amount of base fertilizer. You can also use potted plants with fine sand.
Liriodendron grows slowly and shoots easily, so it needs to be pruned frequently. When the old plants are too big for indoor cultivation, they can be pruned again by changing pots, removing most branches, cutting off some roots and re-potted.
Sowing and cutting propagation. Sow in spring, keep the soil moist, and sprout at 20-25℃ for 2-3 weeks. When the seedlings grow to 5 ~ 7 cm high, transplant them once and plant them the next year. Cuttings are also carried out in spring. Cut off the annual branches by 8 ~ 10 cm and remove the lower leaves. The cuttings were planted on the bed soil made of river sand or vermiculite, kept warm and moist, and took root at 25℃ for 4 ~ 6 weeks.
Habits, propagation and cultivation of indoor foliage plants I. Basic habits of indoor foliage plants
Indoor foliage plants are one of the most popular ornamental species in the world at present. In horticulture, they generally refer to a group of plants with different shapes, which are native to tropical and subtropical regions and mainly enjoy leaves, but also enjoy stems, flowers and fruits. Due to the influence of meteorological conditions and ecological inheritance, indoor foliage plants have formed basic ecological habits in the process of system growth and development, that is, they have high requirements on temperature and humidity and are not resistant to strong light. However, due to the wide variety of indoor foliage plants, the requirements for environmental conditions are different.
(1) temperature
Indoor foliage plants need high temperature to grow, and most indoor foliage plants are suitable for growing at 20 ~ 30℃. Low temperature in winter is often a big obstacle to the growth and even survival of indoor foliage plants. Due to different latitudes and morphological structures, the minimum temperature that various plants can tolerate is also different. In cultivation, it is necessary to treat different types of indoor foliage plants differently according to their different requirements for temperature, so as to meet their own wintering requirements. The temperature required for common indoor foliage plants to overwinter is introduced as follows.
The overwintering temperatures above 10℃ are nettle, Nanyang Sen, Camptotheca acuminata, Anthurium andraeanum, Evergreen, Starwood, Crabapple, Green Road arrowroot, Peacock arrowroot, Patterned arrowroot, Li Bai arrowroot, Hainan Panax Notoginseng, Spotted arrowroot, Two-color arrowroot, Four-color rice, Variable leaf wood and Flower arrowroot.
The overwintering temperature above 5℃ includes Dracaena Draconis, Bambusa bambusa, Gynura bicolor, Areca catechu, Pocket Coconut, hawaii coconut, American Iron, Rubber Tree, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus pendula, Malaba Millet, Buxus macrophylla, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Taro, Malachite, Chlorophytum, Cold Water Spray, Alpine Bamboo, Mosaic Cassava, Saxifraga, Bird's Nest Pteris, etc.
The overwintering temperature above 0℃ is Dutch iron, yucca, vase orchid, spring feather, tortoise shell bamboo, unicorn tail, asparagus, crane orchid, ivy, kidney fern, alocasia japonica, mallow, brown bamboo, cycad and Eupatorium odoratum.
The above is only classified according to the basic requirements of common foliage plants for overwintering temperature. Because of the different cultivation conditions and the length of introduction and domestication, their sensitivity to low temperature is also different. Generally speaking, before the arrival of low temperature in winter, we should pay attention to the cold protection.
Excessive temperature in summer is not conducive to the normal growth of indoor foliage plants. When the temperature of some plants exceeds 30℃, such as ivy, and the arrow exceeds 35℃, their growth will be hindered or even stopped, and physiological diseases and insect pests will be caused at the same time; Begonia is easy to cause leaf rot under the condition of high temperature and high humidity above 35℃, so indoor foliage plants must pay attention to shading and ventilation in hot summer to create a cooler environment and ensure their normal growth.
(2) Moisture
Most indoor foliage plants need more water during the growing period, except for a few relatively drought-tolerant species. Moisture includes soil moisture and air moisture. Because indoor foliage plants are epiphytes and shade-loving plants, which are native to tropical and subtropical forests, the moisture in the air is particularly important to them. However, due to the difference of the original growth environment and the diversity of morphological structure and growth of indoor foliage plants, their requirements for air humidity are also different.
Camptotheca acuminata, Rosa davurica, Anthurium andraeanum, Pueraria lobata, Alocasia alopecuroides, Hulk, Guanyin lotus, cold water spray, snapdragon, tortoise plastron, arrowroot, pineapple and bracken need high humidity.
Moderate humidity is required (relative humidity is 50%-60%), including asparagus, Rhododendron palmatum, Fritillaria cirrhosa, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Eupatorium odoratum, Begonia, Cabbage, Areca catechu, Pocket Coconut, hawaii coconut, Malabashu, Dracaena, Evergreen, Spring Feather, Umbrella, Fruit Taro, etc.
The ones that need low humidity (relative humidity is 40% ~ 50%) are Cymbidium aquilinum, Eupatorium odoratum, Liriodendron chinense, rubber tree, banyan tree, Bambusa bambusa, Sabina vulgaris, Ficus pendula, cycad, American iron, pig's feet and so on.
The humidity requirements of indoor foliage plants change with the seasons. Generally, sufficient soil and high air humidity are needed in the vigorous growth period to ensure normal growth needs; Dormancy requires less water, as long as the physiological needs are guaranteed. The temperature is high and the sunshine is strong in spring and summer. In case of windy and dry weather, adequate moisture should be given. In autumn, the temperature is high, the evaporation is large, and the air humidity is low, so we should also give enough water; In late autumn and early winter, the temperature is low, the sunshine is weak and the water demand is low.
(3) Lighting
Flowering plants need more light, and some need a certain photoperiod to meet the needs of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Relatively speaking, indoor foliage plants do not need light as strictly as other flowers. Indoor foliage plants used to grow in the shade, so they are more suitable for cultivation in semi-shade environment. However, different species and varieties have different levels and diverse morphological structures under the shade of origin, which determines their influence on light demand and adaptation. The influence of light is various, among which light intensity and light quality are two main aspects.
According to the different requirements of different indoor foliage plants for light intensity, they can be divided into the following categories:
Sunlight-loving tree species such as Ficus variegata, Ficus mosaic, Phyllostachys bambusa, Hemerocallis, Amtrak, Cycas, Liriodendron chinense, Ficus alpine, pineapple in Phnom Penh, etc.
This kind of plants need strong light to ensure their normal growth and ornamental needs. If the light is insufficient, it will grow slender and easy to lose leaves, and at the same time, the stain characteristics of many varieties can not be formed and stabilized normally. For example, deciduous trees must be brightly colored under strong light; Iron-bearing new leaves are not easy to age in weak light, and the leaves droop, which reduces the ornamental value.
There are rubber trees, yellow-leafed Ficus microcarpa, golden-leafed Ficus microcarpa, ivy, tiger tail orchid, Malaba millet, Liriodendron chinense, Aralia elata, Sabina vulgaris and umbrella trees.
This kind of plants need strong light for their own growth, but they have strong adaptability to light during cultivation and can adapt to low light environment for a long time.
The species with moderate shade tolerance are evergreen, Dracaena, begonia, taro, Guanyin lotus, pepper grass, chlorophytum, spring feather, Solanum nigrum, bright silk grass, pocket coconut, brown bamboo, Helan, arrowroot, most species of bromeliaceae and so on.
This plant grows better under moderate light intensity; Under too weak light, herbaceous foliage plants show weak growth potential, yellow leaves and easy lodging; But it is in a good viewing state under strong indoor diffuse light.
Yin-loving fern, Eupatorium odoratum, white crane taro, Hulk, tortoise shell bamboo, unicorn tail, hawaii coconut, kudzu root, taro, etc.
These plants grow well in cool conditions and adapt to the indoor environment with insufficient light; Physiological diseases such as sunburn and scorch are easy to occur under strong light, and the color of leaves is dim.
The above is a simple qualitative classification according to the different needs of indoor foliage plants for light intensity. In the process of cultivation and utilization, in order to choose the best light intensity for a specific variety, the illuminance meter can be used to detect its adaptive light intensity range index, so that it can grow well under more suitable light and present the best ornamental state.
Suitable light intensity of several common indoor foliage plants
One is to sow seedlings from late April to early May, and sow them in humus soil or sand basin. First, mix 2 parts of rotten leaves 1 part of soil, put them in a basin, and flatten 2/3. Sow the seeds evenly into the flowerpot and cover them with fine soil to avoid seeing the seeds. Then put the sowing basin into a container filled with water, let the water slowly penetrate into the basin from the hole at the bottom of the basin until the soil on it is wet (water cannot flow into the basin from the mouth of the basin), and then keep the soil wet. Under the condition of 20-25℃, the seedlings gradually emerge after 15 days. Transplant when the seedling height is 5- 10 cm.
2. Cutting propagation Before the new shoots grow in spring, the annual branches of 1 are cut into cuttings with an ear length of 8- 10 cm. Remove the lower leaves, keep the upper 1-2 leaves, and cut the lower end of the cuttings into horseshoes. The seedbed is made of river sand or vermiculite, the cuttings are inserted by 2/3, the height of the arch shed is 10- 15 cm, and it is covered with plastic film to keep enough moisture. When the bottom temperature is 25℃, it can take root and be planted in a pot for 4-6 weeks.
3. Full-light fog propagation artificially creates a high-humidity microenvironment, which enables Liriodendron to reproduce asexually under high temperature and high humidity conditions. First, the bottom of the cutting pool is paved with bricks, and the sterilized river sand is covered on it, with a thickness of about 30 cm. Secondly, select cuttings with a length of 8 cm, remove the lower leaves, dip the roots with abt rooting powder 1000 mg/kg for 20 minutes, and insert the cuttings into the pool sand 1/2.
It is best to insert in the afternoon, spray at 8- 17 two weeks before insertion, with an interval of 3 minutes, and stop spraying at night; Third, the interval between left and right is 7-8 minutes; After the fifth week, the interval will remain at 10 minute, when the roots have taken root (in case of low temperature or rainy weather, the rooting time may be relatively late). When the seedlings grow strong, they can be planted separately.
Fourthly, the propagation of high-branch layering can be carried out from late April to mid-June. Select 2-year-old branches and peel them annularly, with the width of 1- 1.5 cm, so as to see that the green cambium is deeper. Wrap wet moss or decomposed cow dung and pastoral soil (1∶ 1) or humus around the wound, and finally wrap it tightly with plastic film, and tie the upper and lower ends tightly. It takes about 40 days to take root, which is labor-consuming and time-consuming, but the root system is good and the survival rate is high, which is helpful for plant shaping and pruning.
Liriodendron likes semi-shady environment and can grow well in a bright shed with sunshine for 3-4 hours. It can also be directly placed outdoors, shaded by 75% shading net, often sprinkled with water on the leaves, and applied with decomposed cake fertilizer or farmyard manure every 10 day, and the basin soil is kept dry. Gao Qian Liriodendron should pay attention to pest control, pruning and tying branches. It is important to note that asexual seedlings should be completely shaded within 7 days after transplanting in high temperature season; Sunny day 8- 15 days 9- 14: 30, all exposed at night; /kloc-within 0/6-20 days, it will be shaded by 20% during the day and fully exposed at night, and then it will enter the normal management stage.
Duckweed brings fresh air to families who smoke. Its beautiful duck's paw leaves can absorb nicotine and other harmful substances in smoke and convert them into substances owned by harmless plants through photosynthesis. In addition, it can also reduce the concentration of formaldehyde by about 9 mg per hour.
Duckweed does not require high growth environment, so it is very suitable for inexperienced growers. If the shoots near the bud are trimmed, they can grow to 3 meters high and are very beautiful and dense. Larger driftwood needs to be reinforced with bamboo poles.
Liriodendron
Alias duck foot wood hand tree
Liriodendron of Araliaceae
Origin South Pacific New hebrides
Like the growth habit of high temperature and high humidity.
The best soil for soil cultivation is loam or sandy loam with good drainage.
Temperature and the suitable temperature for environmental reproduction is about 20-28 degrees. The temperature is generally not lower than 12 degrees and not higher than 30 degrees. If the temperature is too low in winter, the leaves will fall and lose their ornamental value. Keep warm when the temperature drops to 5 degrees. Avoid direct sunlight all day in summer. Chen Fang should be indoors in a bright place, but not in direct sunlight. Put it in the shade, the yellow and white spots of variegated varieties will gradually disappear. Leaves are easy to turn yellow and fall off after being directly exposed to strong light. When planting on the balcony. Shade in spring and summer, light in autumn and winter.
The soil in irrigation and fertilization basin should be dry, wet and dry in spring and autumn; It is mainly rainy in summer and dry in winter. The selectivity of water quality is not strong. The growth period is mainly from April to June 10, and fertilization is applied every half month 1 time.