cultivation techniques
It is required that the soil layer is deep (60㎝) and fertile; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning a garden, there should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary building facilities. In terms of specific planning, we should concentrate on one place as much as possible and build gardens in places with good traffic and water conditions.
Time: Generally, it is planted in September-165438+10 after the autumn bamboo shoots mature or before the spring bamboo shoots germinate in February-March.
Density: Plant spacing is 3m× row spacing is 4m, and 55-60 plants are planted per mu.
Planting technique
Digging planting holes in the soil: pulling wires at regular intervals, digging planting holes with a depth of 80cm and a width of 80cm, then pressing green manure with a depth of 50cm, and backfilling the soil with a height of 40cm for planting; Ridge planting: 8 meters, 60-80㎝ wide and 40-60cm deep, with 2 ridges per grid (width 1.5m, center distance 4m, height 20-30cm). When planting, the roots of seedlings should be trimmed appropriately, placed in the center of the planting hole, stretched and righted, and the seedlings should be gently lifted upward while filling the soil, so that the roots are closely connected with the soil. Water the roots, make a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, and cover it with chaff.
soil management
It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard.
Fertilizer and water management
(1) Fertilization principle: It is necessary to fully meet the demand of blood oranges for various nutrient elements, advocate more application of organic fertilizers, and rationally apply inorganic fertilizers and formula fertilizers. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided.
(2) Fertilization methods: mainly soil fertilization and foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted.
(3) Fertilization of young trees: apply less fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply fertilizer 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn when bamboo shoots emerge, (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February, and apply 0.4 kg ammonium bicarbonate or 0.2 kg urea to each plant each time. 1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0. Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer+1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg organic fertilizer+1-2 kg chemical fertilizer.
(4) Moisture: Irrigation when soil is dry, and drainage when water accumulates. Plastic trimming 1, principle. Adjust measures to local conditions, prune trees, properly raise and lower them, and ventilate and transmit light to achieve three-dimensional effect.
2, plastic surgery (natural and happy appearance).
The trunk is 20-40cm high, and the trunk branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk. The branching angle of the main branch is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are left on each main branch. Generally, after the third main branch is formed, the central trunk of this kind is cut off and twisted to one side to form a fruiting branch group.
Step 3 trim.
(1) Young trees: mainly light pruning. After selecting the extension branches of the class center and the main branches and the extension branches of the auxiliary main branches, moderate or even severe pruning is carried out, and the growth balance among the main branches is adjusted according to the pruning degree and the direction of cutting buds. In addition to properly thinning the over-dense branches, the inner branches and weaker branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained.
(2) Initial fruiting stage: continue to select short cutting to treat the trunk extension branches at all levels, erase the summer shoots, and promote the autumn shoots to be robust. In autumn, measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are taken to promote the flowering of Wangshu.
(3) Full-fruiting period: the fruiting branches, falling branches and declining branches are retracted in time, and the light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect branches are cut off.
disease
Huanglongbing
Most of them occur after the spring shoots mature and the leaves turn green in summer and autumn. Prevention and control methods:
(1) Strictly implement the quarantine system to prevent the entry of diseased seedlings and scions and insects that spread the disease;
⑵ Establish a disease-free nursery, select disease-free mother trees as propagation materials, and plant disease-free seedlings;
(3) Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water in the orchard, strengthen the tree potential and improve the disease resistance;
(4) Control the infectious insect-citrus psylla. Spraying 800 times of 80% dichlorvos EC or 40% omethoate 1000 times at each germination stage;
5] Dig out the diseased plants in time and burn them.
ulcer
Citrus canker can occur from early April to late June 10, and the infection of spring shoots is generally very mild, but the infection of spring shoots can affect the later onset. Ulcer bacteria are easy to invade from wounds, and orange varieties are easy to get sick; Without natural disasters, oranges and oranges seldom get sick. Prevention and control methods:
Plant windbreaks, cut off diseased branches and leaves, and remove sporadic summer shoots in time. If canker disease is found in both nursery and young trees, it is best to remove it before releasing it. For citrus fruit trees, we mainly pay attention to the following four key prevention and control periods:
(1) After every typhoon and rainstorm;
(2) When the average fruit diameter is 65438 0.5-2.0 cm;
(3) timely control liriomyza sativae and reduce pests;
(4) 15- 20 days after germination of late summer buds or autumn buds. 0.5% equal bordeaux solution, 80% Sheng Da M-45 powder 800 times solution, 77% kocide 2000 800 times solution, etc. Should be used interchangeably.
anthrax
Citrus is damaged by anthracnose, which often causes defoliation, dead branches, hard fruits and "dead stems", resulting in weak trees and decreased yield. In severe cases, the whole diseased tree died, causing huge losses.
The prevention and control should be based on agricultural measures, with the prevention of bacterial sources as the center and timely spraying protection as the auxiliary to carry out comprehensive prevention and control;
(1) Strengthening cultivation management, especially paying attention to deep ploughing and soil improvement in citrus orchards, and applying more organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve disease resistance are the most fundamental and effective measures for disease prevention;
(2) Thoroughly remove the source of the disease, cut off diseased branches, diseased leaves and diseased fruit stalks for centralized burning, and pay attention to removing fallen leaves and fruits at any time. When clearing the garden in winter, combined with other pest control, spray Bomei 0.8- 1 degree of stone sulfur mixture 1 time;
⑶ Chemical control: 600-800 times of 80% Sheng Da M-45 wettable powder, 600-800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 400-600 times of 80% elite wettable powder, etc.
scab
The disease easily occurs in the young fruit stage, the sprouting stage of new shoots, after flowering and in the high temperature, high humidity and rainy season. Prevention and control methods:
(1) Strengthen quarantine work to prevent the introduction of germs, and pay special attention to the introduction of new scab strains from abroad;
(2) Prune diseased branches and leaves, combine pruning in winter and early spring, prune diseased branches and leaves, and timely prune new diseased branches after the onset of spring shoots;
⑶ Chemical control: focusing on the control of young fruit scab, spraying chemical agents in 2/3 of flowering period, using 80% Sheng Da M-45 wettable powder 600-800 times, 77% Cody 2000,800 times, Shigao 1000 times, etc.
In addition, the common diseases of citrus are skirt rot, gummosis, soot disease, resin disease, peeling disease, leaf broken disease, gypsum disease and so on. And timely prevention and control of these diseases.
References:
Orange Tree-Baidu Encyclopedia