(1) brown spot disease
Brown spot disease of kiwifruit is a common disease. In orchards with serious diseases, the rate of diseased leaves is as high as 70% or even higher. Generally, it occurs in May-May and reaches its peak in July-August. In autumn, the disease develops slowly. If it rains in September, the disease is still very serious. After 10, the disease stopped developing during defoliation.
Prevention and control method: 1. Improve the orchard environment, cut off weak branches, enhance ventilation and light transmission in the garden, ditch and drain in rainy season, and reduce the humidity in the garden. 2. Apply base fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve plant disease resistance. 3. In the early stage of the disease, we should strengthen the prediction and sacrifice prevention. 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution or 25% Guinness EC 6000~7000 times solution can be selected and sprayed once every 7~8 days for 2~3 times continuously, which can effectively control the disease development. If red and white spiders are found in the leaves of the garden, abamectin or abamectin 1500~2000 times can be added to the liquid medicine to kill the red and white spiders.
(2) Anthracnose
Anthracnose of kiwifruit is one of the main diseases in kiwifruit production, which mainly harms leaves, branches and fruits. Anthracnose is easy to spread under the conditions of weak trees, high temperature and rainy weather.
Control method: 1. Combining fertilization in autumn with pruning in winter, cleaning up fallen fruits and leaves, removing diseased branches and eliminating overwintering bacteria sources. 2. Before germination, the whole garden should be sprayed with 5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture once to eliminate the pathogens on the tree surface. 3. 70% Geha suspension concentrated powder 1000 times solution or 800 times solution of 80% Jiabao new wettable powder can be used for garden spray control, and it should be sprayed continuously for 2~3 times at intervals of 5~7 days.
(3) Gypsum disease
The plaster disease of kiwifruit mainly harms branches and vines. The disease occurs more frequently in old orchards with closed crowns in southern China, and it is easy to spread in high temperature and high humidity environment.
Control method: 1. Remove diseased branches, prune reasonably to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, apply more organic fertilizer, and enhance tree vigor and disease resistance. 2. Strict quarantine to prevent proliferation. 3. Scrape off the degerming membrane of the affected area with bamboo or a knife, and completely scrape off the rotten tissue. After disinfection with 0. 1% mercuric chloride solution, apply 3~5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture for 2~3 times, with an interval of about one week each time.
(4) Root rot
Root rot of kiwifruit mainly occurs in high temperature and high humidity season, and it is spread through diseased residues. Root rot fungus overwinters in diseased roots and soil, and occurs the next year in high temperature and high humidity climate, which mainly harms roots.
Prevention and control method: 1. Plant disease-free seedlings and do a good job of ditching and drainage in rainy season. 2. It was found that the diseased plants and roots were completely destroyed and the soil was disinfected. 3. You can choose 500 times solution of 40% carbendazim or 800 times solution of 50% carbendazim to water the roots.
(5) canker disease
The kiwifruit canker is a destructive bacterial disease that harms kiwifruit production. Pathogens can spread over long distances through seedlings, scions and rootstocks. The pathogen overwinters on diseased branches and leaves, and occurs when it encounters low temperature and high humidity climate for many days in March-April of the following year. It mainly harms leaves, buds, branches and stems.
Control method: 1. Strengthen the inspection of seedlings, eliminate germs from roots and prevent long-distance sowing. 2. Strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water in orchard, prune rationally, enhance the disease resistance and stress resistance of trees, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. 3. Remove diseased branches and leaves in winter, destroy them centrally, and spray 3~5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture. 4. beginning of spring can be sprayed with 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture after germination; From germination to flowering, spray 500-800 times of 50% Galenon wettable powder every 10 day. 5. If you find that you are sick, scrape off the diseased spots and eliminate them. When it is close to the good skin, scrape off a part of the disinfected good skin with a scraper, and then smear it with 500 times solution of 95% Fung Ling powder or 30 times solution of 60% Baitongtong, once a week, 4-5 times each time. At the same time, 2000-fold solution of 95% bacterial alcohol powder and 300-fold solution of 5% bacterial toxin aqueous solution are mixed with penetrant.
(6) Rhizoctonia solani
Rice sheath blight is the main disease of kiwifruit at seedling stage. The disease occurs when 2~3 true leaves appear in seedlings.
Control method: 1. Select the plot with high terrain, good drainage and loose soil as the seedbed, apply decomposed organic fertilizer and disinfect the soil. 2. At the early stage of the disease, it is necessary to dig out the diseased seedlings in time and burn them centrally, and sprinkle them on the seedbed with plant ash and lime to prevent the spread of the disease; In the middle stage of the disease, 75% diclofenac pine powder was sprayed with 800 times solution, once a week/kloc-0, and the seedbed was sprayed continuously for 2~ 2 times. 3. It can be prevented by 1: 1:200 Bordeaux solution or 0.3~0.5 Baume sulfur mixture.