Grape planting techniques 1. Suitable land and trees, reasonable garden construction 1. Hongdi grape has strong adaptability, so it is suitable to choose flat or sloping land with deep soil layer and good drainage, sandy loam with pH of 5.5-7.0 and frost-free period 160 days. 2. The site is located in a high terrain, preferably a sloping land, with abundant sunshine and transparency, no large buildings around, dry soil and good water irrigation conditions. 3. Selection of Spike Type The spikes of Di Hong grapes can be divided into two types: dispersed type and intensive type, and the dispersed type should be selected, so that the gap between fruit grains is large and the incidence rate is reduced. 4. The plant spacing density should be small, and the plant spacing of 1.5m and 2m can be selected to improve ventilation and light transmission and reduce pathogenic factors. Second, the column, reasonable pruning 1. Set up the support with multiple main vines and fan-shaped shapes, and tie it firmly with the support in time. In order to make the grape yield in the early stage, it will not be produced in the second year. In that year, seedlings must be cultivated with scaffolds. You can use cement piles, chicken feet and bamboo poles as pillars, and then pull a row of iron wires horizontally at a height of about 0.33 meters. When the new tip grows to 20-30 cm, the whole growth period will be tied obliquely with waves, which will slow down the growth. Generally, it should be tied for 3-4 times. When tying, the new buds should be arranged evenly and cannot be crossed. It's best to tie it in a figure of eight with plastic rope, and the rope must be firm. You can't let new shoots grow in the ground. In order to make the grape slices form quickly, the auxiliary buds can be germinated by removing the core. 2. Do a good job in winter scissors ① Multi-main rattan fan-shaped plastic winter scissors. Cut off the hidden buds, leaving 4-5 short buds on the main vine and 1-2 short buds on the preparatory vine. (2) Small plastic scaffolding. The height of the shed is 1.5m, and planting grapes under the shed can prevent sunburn. ③ Winter cutting method. 1 year, cutting again, leaving 1 mother branch with a length of 20 cm. In the second year, the main vine length is 1 m, and there are 3-5 fruiting branches on it, each fruiting branch has l-2 buds, and the shed surface has been covered in the third year. At this time, the main vines with the length of 1.5-2 m and 10 are left on them. The other half is used as vegetative branches and spare branches, and 1-2 buds are reserved for re-cutting. 3. Cut vines in summer. Fix the new tips on the wire frame, distribute them evenly, occupy the space reasonably, make full use of the light source and increase the light receiving surface. 2 choose the heart. According to the characteristics of small leaves of Di Hong grape, coring the new bearing branches 5-7 days before flowering, leaving 8 leaves above the ear, coring 2 leaves repeatedly, and erasing all the secondary branches below the ear, which is beneficial to controlling vigorous growth, promoting the maturity of branches, making the leaves thicker and greener, and improving photosynthetic efficiency. (3) pinch the whole ear. According to the principle that the ratio of vegetative branches to fruiting branches is 2: 1, the inflorescence on the flower and fruit branches is thinned, the spike tip is pinched off, the spike shape is inverted trapezoid, and the accessory spike is removed. When the fruit grains are crowded, some fruit grains become thinner, making the size of young fruits clear. It is better to keep 60-80 fruits in regular shape, uniform size and green color. ④ Remove tendrils. Remove tendrils in time to reduce nutrient consumption. ⑤ Bagging. In order to reduce pests and bird damage, reduce the harm of sunburn, avoid the occurrence of drug damage, and make the fruit surface smooth and less polluted, special kraft paper bags can be used, and fungicide 1 times can be sprayed before bagging, and broken half a month before picking to enhance coloring. Three, the application of sufficient water and fertilizer, topdressing should adhere to the big fertilizer, reasonable nitrogen application, improve the proportion of phosphorus and potassium. The principle of fertilizer and water management is: 1. When preparing soil, apply 5000kg organic fertilizer per mu, and topdressing urea1-2kg per plant in growing season, including spraying foliar fertilizer, spraying 3% zinc sulfate before germination, and spraying 0.3% urea and 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer in growing season. 2. Water after each fertilization 1 time. Don't water too much, lest the temperature in the garden be too high and increase the incidence. 3. Spraying chlormequat chloride 500× 10-6 1-2 times at the beginning of ripening, with an interval of 7- 10 days/time. Seize the opportunity to control pests and diseases 1. Disease ① White rot of grape. Strengthen cultivation management, improve disease resistance, cut off the diseased parts at any time, and eliminate the source of the disease; Focus on strengthening spraying protection, spraying for the first time 1, spraying every 15 days 1, spraying for 3-5 times. The medicament can be 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl and 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. ② Grape black pox (scab). Prevention first. Spraying an eradicator before germination, mixing 0.5% sodium pentachlorophenol with Pome 1 Dose Sulfur Mixture, or 10% ferrous sulfate and 1% crude sulfuric acid; Spraying protection during the growth period, from leaf spreading to fruit coloring, every 10- 15 days/time. The reagent can be 1: 0.5: 200 bordeaux solution and 800 times 50% deuterium oil wet powder solution. ③ Grape anthracnose. Spraying grape berries every 1 time, every 15 days, for 3-5 times continuously, and stopping spraying half a month before grape harvesting. The first choice for drug use is 800 times of 50% degerming wet powder or 500 times of zineb solution. ④ Downy mildew. Ill leaves and fruits collected in late autumn are burned or buried deeply. Spray 1 time at the beginning of the disease, and then spray 1 time every 15 days, a total of 2-3 times. The first choice is 1:0.7:200 bordeaux solution, and the second choice is 65% zinc familia 500 times solution. 2. Pest ① Grape-winged moth. Combined with winter pruning, cut off damaged branches and vines and burn them to eliminate overwintering larvae. In the insect stage, kill vines with 5000-7000 times solution of 10% cypermethrin. ② Short-bearded mite of grape. Spraying Baume 1 degree stone sulfur mixture with 200 times of copper sulfate before germination, and spraying Baume 1.3 degree stone sulfur mixture in growing season. In addition, the website /Article/ShowArticle.asp of grape and other reference materials is provided. ArticleID=534