How to add multiple points to arcgis arc segment _ Summary of common operation skills of ArcGIS
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Original title: Summary of common operating skills of ArcGIS
1, image format conversion
For example, convert jpg format to tiff format. You can use the transformation tool in arctoolbox- >; Rotating grating->; Raster to other format multiples).
2, vectorization preparation
Before vectorization, create a. Mxd engineering file, which is an index file, records the relative paths of all layers, layer rendering notes and other information. Then, a point, line and surface layer is established by arcaltalog, and it can be vectorized by adding it to the project. The main superposition order is that the point is on the top, the line is in the middle, the surface is below, and the base map of the vector is placed on the latest surface. In large-scale projects, it is often necessary to establish a personalgeodatabase database, which is mainly convenient for management and can be opened through access.
3. Vectorization setting capture function
In the editor-Capture-> Capture toolbar, you can set the capture type, such as point, node, boundary, etc.
4. Set the scale of point display
When vectorizing, if you set the size of the point, you will find that when you zoom in and out of the layer, the point will not zoom in and out in the basemap, so you need to set the zoom ratio.
5. Merge elements
If you want to merge two point, line and surface features into one feature, you can select the features to be merged by shift, and then select them in the editor->; When merging, you need to specify the target elements to merge into.
6. Geographic Registration of Basemap Image Registration Spatial Reference Registration Geographic Reference Process Geographic Registration
Correction is the process of providing geographic coordinate information to basemaps without coordinate information, such as tiff and img. You can right-click and select the georeferencing tool in the pop-up function bar, and then add control points to the basemap to be corrected, usually adding at least 4 control points on the corners. You can open the coordinate information of the control point and modify it by clicking the connection table. Add more than three, and there will be a remainder. If the accuracy is not enough, you can add more encryption. Only the corrected picture can be vectorized. This method is aimed at image registration.
Spatial adjustment refers to registration of vector layers.
7. Cutting the raster image
When operating large-scale remote sensing or topographic maps, it is often not necessary to have their full range. Then, the basemap can be cropped according to the defined range, or according to the existing boundary graph (the geometric features of the input cropped elements are used as the boundary to check, and the result is irregular) or according to the rectangle formed by the maximum and minimum values of the boundary graph.
Tool in: arctoolbox-> Data management tools->; Grating->; Grating processing->; Edit.
8. ArcGIS vector clipping
Tools are located in arctoolbox-> Analysis tool->; Excerpt->; Clip. The input feature is the clipping layer (which can be a point, a line or a face), and the clipping feature is the boundary of the clipping range (which needs to be a face). Note: The number of elements after cutting is determined according to the original cutting layers. If a feature object of the original layer is cut into multiple parts, it will still be recorded in the attribute table as a multi-part object after cutting.
9. Spatial correction of 9.ArcGIS vector data
The purpose of spatial correction is to match and correct geographically mismatched layers, for example, when there is a certain offset between two layers. First, bring up the spatial correction tool for spatial correction. Then open the editing function, and then set the layer to be corrected by Spatial Adjustment-> Set Adjustment Data. Then use the tool new displacementlink to pull the line with arrow to the corresponding point position, which generally requires 4 corresponding points. After setting the corresponding points, click Modify.
10, ArcGIS coordinate points generate point layer files (with attributes).
First, prepare data in xls or dbf format with XY coordinates, which must have XY column headings. Add data to files through arcgis- >-> Add x y data.
The imported data is dataevent, and then right-click to export-> Export to shapefile format.
1 1, ArcGIS projection transformation
Coordinate transformation refers to the transformation between different coordinate systems, for example, from Beijing 54 to Xi 'an 80 or from 6-degree division to 3-degree division. The tool is located at: arctoolbox-> Data management tools->; Projection and transformation->; Function-> project
Bandwidth spanned by China:
The sixth degree zone crosses 1 1 6 zone (13-23 zone) in China and is generally used for topographic maps of 1:25000 and 1:50000;
The stereoscopic zone in China spans 22 3 zones (24-45 zones) and is generally used in the topographic map of 1: 10000.
Central meridian algorithm for each region;
The sixth degree band is: band number × 6-3 (for example, the central meridian of 16× 6-3 = 93).
The third-degree band is: band number × 3 (for example, the central meridian of 3 1 band is 3 1× 3 = 93).
The longitude span in China is: 73 e ~135 e (on the Pamirs in the westernmost part of Xinjiang-the intersection of the main waterways of Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers);
Therefore, the sixth-degree span belt in China is 13~23 belt, and the third-degree belt is 24 ~45 belt.
An easy-to-remember method: within the land area of People's Republic of China (PRC), the coordinates with the band number less than or equal to 23 (Y coordinate, 8 digits, the first two digits are numbered) must be 6 degrees, and those with the band number greater than or equal to 24 must be 3 degrees.
The first two digits of the abscissa of the kilometer network on the topographic map are band numbers. For example, on the topographic map of 1:50000, the abscissa is 20345486, where 20 is the band number and 345486 is the abscissa value.
12, intersection and overlay analysis of ArcGIS overlay data.
Overlay analysis is to find the common intersection between two layers and regenerate them into a new layer. Faces with overlapping faces, lines with overlapping faces. Attribute information is the superposition of two parts.
The tool is located at: arctoolbox-> Analysis tool->; Overlay-> cross
13, erase the intersection of overlapping ArcGIS data.
If you need to delete the overlapping part of two layers, you can erase the other layer by overlapping the overlapping area after analysis or directly using one layer, and get a new layer after overlapping analysis.
The tool is located at: arctoolbox-> Analysis tool->; Overlay-> erase from
14, ArcGIS selects the subregion.
Draw subgraphs by manipulating existing line or surface feature objects. Line object operation: when editing is started, you can use the reshapefeaturetool in the editing tool to cut the line elements and cut off the redundant parts; Or use the split tool to split the line features into two parts (if you want to merge into one part, you can select the merge tool after multiple selections by shift). Polygon feature operation: after editing, you can choose the cutting and shaping feature tool to cut off the redundant parts; Polygon is divided into multiple polygons by cutting polygon tool, and its attribute is also copy. You can also draw a sub-area inside the polygon to hollow out the polygon, and pay attention to the cross closure of the drawn divided graphics.
15, ArcGIS field structure editing
For layers with defined attribute columns, their attributes cannot be modified in arcgis. But in other ways, for example, you can find. Dbf file, then choose to open it in excel2003 and modify the column properties. If you are in an mdb database, you can determine the column attributes in the form of a design table through an access database.
16, merge joint tracking in ARCGIS cropping area.
Merge: To merge two element objects, you can open them and edit them, then select the elements to merge and select Edit Editor-> Merge to pop up the target element to be merged. After completion, multiple elements will be merged into one element (only the properties of the selected target element will be retained after the merger).
Union: to unite another element is to keep the original element object and regenerate a new merged element. The method is similar to the above, just select union.
Tracking and cutting: for a polygon object that has been divided according to the boundary of another object, you can open Edit to select two polygons, and then select Cut Polygon Tool-> and then select Tracking Tool to surround the two sides of the polygon to be cut to realize cutting.
17, ArcGIS topology and establishment of topology rules.
① Topology definition: Spatial topology describes the spatial position relationship of geographical objects in nature and is a part of the spatial attributes of geographical objects.
(2) Topological relationships of geographical objects mainly include the following three types:
Adjacency: Adjacency confirms whether objects overlap at a certain boundary, such as the data of provinces and counties in the administrative division map.
Coincidence: Coincidence relationship confirms whether objects overlap in a certain part, such as the relationship between bus lines and roads.
Connectivity: Connectivity can confirm accessibility, access path, etc.
③ Topological significance: The main significance is to ensure data quality. Topology expresses and specifies the spatial relationship between data in spatial data model. By expressing and explaining this
Some spatial relationships and topologies try to keep geographic data consistent with the real world. Topology is an effective way to accurately express spatial data. By strictly limiting the relationship between elements, the accuracy and availability of spatial data are improved.
④ Topology is realized in arcgis software: In arcgis, topology can only be realized for Coverage and Geodatabase data models. Let's take personal database test.mdb as an example, in which we create data sets, specify coordinate systems, and create point, line and surface feature layers. Create some points and lines, break the intersection of line segments by using the flattening line tool in the topology tool (the set interruption tolerance refers to the interruption operation within this tolerance range), and then use the topology tool-Build Polygon tool to build polygons from the line segments, so as to generate opposite edges. Right-click Dataset-New-Build Topology to open the Build Topology dialog box, enter the name, tolerance, layer to build topology, set level, add rules (for key parts, you can define multiple rules), click OK to start creating topology, and you will be prompted whether to verify it after creation. After verification, you can load the topology into arcmap to check for topology errors, and you can see that the errors will be marked in red. In this way, you can edit and modify, and you can use the verification tool to view topology errors many times after modification. For hollow polygons, you can create a polygon tracking tool and fill in the loopholes. For the overlapping parts of polygons, you can use the Cut Polygon Tool+Trace Tool, and then use the Merge Tool to merge. )
⑤ Topology rules are implemented in AE: First, topology, as a relatively advanced function, needs to register the corresponding function code in the program. The interface to realize this necessary step is: IAoInitialize, which has an Initialize method that must be used before any other component, and it can initialize a product code. This is the method declaration format of C#: Public ESRILINCENSTATUS Initialize (ESRILINCENSProductCode product code); EsrilllicensePrudtcode has six constants, and what we are going to use here is esrilllicensePrudtcode Engine GeoDB. Let's take a look at the structural flow of its topology realization: first, we need to obtain the workspace, define the IWorkspaceFactory interface, which is used to open the corresponding database file, then give the IFeatureWorkspace interface, and then obtain the corresponding data set interface, IFeatureDataset. Give the IFeatureDataset to ITopologyContainer to get the topology set belonging to this data set, and then use the CreateTopology method of ITopologyContainer to create a specific topology class, thus creating the topology belonging to the corresponding data set. Then, some interfaces and functions are used to set the characteristics of the topology: layer, tolerance value, accuracy level and topological relationship rules. Finally, the topology can be implemented by the ValidateTopology method.
. You can see that its implementation process is the same as above.
18, mutual transformation between elements in ArcGIS dashed area.
The transformation between features includes the mutual transformation between point, line and area feature types. Tools are located in: arc toolbox-> data management tools.
① Polygon-to-straight line: Polygon-to-straight line is to convert the contour line of human face into a straight line object; Face-to-point: the feature topoint only converts the center point of a face object into a point element; Face vertex to point: feature vertex to point converts all vertices of face contour into points.
② Line-to-polygon: Feature-to-polygon is to convert closed lines into polygon objects. Line turning point: the characteristic point is to change the center point of the line into a point. Convert line vertices into points: converting feature vertices into points converts all vertices of a line into points.
③ Point-to-line conversion: Point-to-line is to convert a series of point sets into lines; If the test finds that it is not ideal, then all the points of the line will be connected in the end. )
19, CAD file (dwg) to Arcgis format (shp)
Open the corresponding CAD data layer (such as polyline), right-click the layer-export the data and save it in shapefile format. Or convert tool to shape file-feature class to shape file (multiple).
20.ArcGIS extension line tool (batch unclosed lines)
For a polysemy line or a line segment that should be closed, the endpoint should intersect with another line segment, but it does not because of an error. Feature layers can be expanded in batches, and tolerance values need to be set. The tool is located in the arc toolbox editing tool extension line tool.
2 1, the shadow effect of buildings expressed by ArcGIS map (Baidu map)
You need to put the polygon layer in the personal database mdb. Right-click a polygon feature—Convert it to a representation, then open the Properties dialog box for the representation and set its color and offset. However, the map shadow settings will be saved after the project is completed, because the representation does not exist in the database, but can be understood as rendering and saving in the mxd file. (Of course, you can also copy a polygon and move it. Editor tools->; Move realizes the shadow effect, but increases the amount of data. )
22. ArcGIS DEM(TIN) generates contour files.
For example, the input data is img, which can be converted from raster to TIN through 3D Analyst tools; Then Terrain and Tin Surface Contour are converted into isolines by 3D Analyst tools; Because the isoline interval is angular, you can use the smoothing tool (smoothing line) in the advanced editing tool to smooth it. If there are too few points on the contour line, you can use the editingtools-encryption density method to encrypt.
23. generating contour files from DEM in ArcGI.
When generating isoline files, it is recommended to use the 3D Analyst tool raster surface isoline tool to extract isolines from raster graphics. The contour lines generated by this method are slightly smooth and have slightly higher accuracy.
24. Encryption, smoothing and rerouting of ArcGIS line nodes.
This function is located under the editing tool. (1) the encryption density is to encrypt the line segments and polygons, and the extension line is to extend the line segments according to the specified length tolerance. ② Flip line reversal is the operation of reversing the starting point and ending point of a line segment by value. ③ Generalization is the generalization of lines or surfaces. If it is a straight line, only the inflection point coordinates will be retained when deleting the intermediate nodes. (4) Trimming line is to delete hanging lines without any intersection point, and to delete parts that exceed the intersection point and exceed the specified tolerance.
25.ArcGIS text coordinate points are displayed in googleearth.
Please note that the annotation information in arcmap will be displayed on googleearth when converted to kmz format. In addition, the coordinates of text format must include X and Y coordinates, and if the elevation is displayed, Z coordinates are required. The conversion tool is located in the conversion tool to KML layer to KML. You can open the display directly in Googleearth.
26. Automatic vectorization of ArcGIS (the use of Arcscan tool) ArcScan tool can automatically vectorize gray raster images, and right-click the blank part of the toolbar to bring up the tool. The master basemap must be a gray image. After opening in arcgis, the display mode should be set to binary display, so as to vectorize the whole area or part of the area. You can set specific settings through options, such as vectorization to surface or line.
27, Arcgis project contour and DEM production process
Firstly, contour files are obtained (contour files are generally vectorized from topographic maps),
(2) then create TIN and generate tin data by using the 3D Analyst tool TIN Management, and (3) use the generated tin data through the 3D Analyst tool->; Conversion from TINàTIN to raster (you can also directly interpolate raster interpolation -> Topo toraster).
④ Using the generated raster data, we can analyze the slope and aspect (space