main steps of scratch: stop bleeding
The bleeding after scratch worries parents most, especially when the wound appears on the head, and the child's hair is easily mixed with the wound and blood, so it is impossible to directly judge the condition of the wound. Remember one thing: it is easy to bleed more after scalp injury, but usually you don't have to worry too much. Parents can use a clean rag or paper towel to press the wound hard to reduce new bleeding, and at the same time send the child to the hospital as soon as possible, waiting for the doctor to deal with the wound. Because blood and hair often stick together, the cleaning and treatment of wounds are more complicated, so let doctors handle them professionally.
For scratches on other parts besides the head, parents can basically handle them at home. If possible, it is recommended to use dark towels, which can reduce the tension brought by bright red blood to parents and children. Wrap a few pieces of ice in a towel and apply cold compress on the wound to stop bleeding and relieve pain.
It should be noted that we should avoid a common mistake made by mothers-repeatedly taking off the towel to check the wound. The cold towel must be firmly and gently pressed on the wound for at least 5 minutes. Do not always take the towel away to look at the wound. After 5 minutes, if the wound still bleeds, the pressing time can be extended for 5 minutes. In 95% of cases, this method can stop bleeding. If there is still bleeding after 1 minutes, or pulsatile bleeding is found in the wound-new blood will flow out of the wound every moment, which means that the wound may hurt the arterial blood vessels, and the child should be sent to the hospital for wound suture surgery immediately.
specific way: after stopping bleeding, clean the wound with cold water and soap. Do not use hot water, because hot water will accelerate blood flow and stimulate bleeding. Do not use external alcohol or hydrogen peroxide to stimulate the wound. These disinfectants will kill new cells necessary for wound healing. In addition, do not use antibiotic ointment, which will affect the wound healing speed. All you need to do is to put a band-aid on the cleaned wound to reduce the contact between the wound and bacteria and dirt.
main steps of pricking: washing the wound
The child accidentally pricked his foot with a nail. When parents look at the wound, they often only find a small hole in the sole of the foot, and there is basically no bleeding. Stab injury is very easy to be ignored because of its small wound, but it is the most susceptible to infection. Sharp objects will bring bacteria and dirt when they pierce the body, and then these little things will lurk in the body waiting for trouble. To avoid infection, clean the wound with running water as soon as possible. Never use bottled water that has been opened, especially drinking water that has been exposed to direct sunlight, because the water contains a lot of bacteria.
Specific way: No bandage or antibiotic ointment is needed to treat the puncture wound, because the wound area is small and goes deep into the skin, both of them are useless. One or two days after injury, you should check the changes of the wound every morning and evening to see if there is infection:
● Turbid blisters-symptoms of pustulosis, which is a very common skin infection and can be cured by topical antibiotics;
● Erythema, fever and pain in the affected area, which may be accompanied by low-grade fever-cellulitis, requires oral antibiotics;
● miliary rash-a lump, usually caused by staphylococci. Regardless of panic, because staphylococcal infections in children are usually very easy to cure.
Main steps of abrasions: Apply ointment
Children accidentally fall on rough roads, and their knees and elbows are prone to abrasions. At this time, antibiotic ointment should be applied to the affected area immediately to protect the exposed inner skin. Parents can choose to apply a thin layer of topical anti-inflammatory ointment to the wound without fixing it with a band-aid or bandage.
specific way: if the surface of the affected area softens and becomes turbid during the cleaning of the wound, mother need not worry. Those softening substances are mainly composed of fibrin and coagulation substances, which will help the wound to scab and promote healing. Continue to use antibiotic ointment for 2-3 days until a red-black or black hard scab appears on the bruise.
Main steps of bruise: cold compress
The bruise that parents are most afraid of is the big bump on the child's head. We can't help worrying. Will this cause brain damage? In fact, the facts are often not so serious. Experts pointed out that only 5% of patients who lost consciousness for 5 minutes or more because of head concussion were found to be abnormal in CT scanning. Of these 5%, only 1% are serious injuries, and most of the rest are basically curable. Of course, bruising also needs to be paid enough attention by parents, because it is the appearance of subcutaneous tissue bleeding. Cold compress can achieve the effect of analgesia and detumescence.
When must I see a doctor
Specific methods: cold compress for 2 minutes, stop for 2 minutes, and repeat for 2 ~ 3 hours. Elevating the affected area properly is also conducive to swelling, so if you hurt your legs and feet, you can use a pillow to cover your legs and feet.
When must I see a doctor
If your child is crying and struggling in your arms, so that you can't see the wound clearly, you should go to the hospital immediately, because debris or glass may be mixed in the wound. At the same time, if any of the following situations occurs, you must seek a doctor's diagnosis within 6 hours:
● The wound is more than 5 cm long;
● facial scratch (unless the wound is very shallow and the length is less than 2 cm);
● The joint is scratched, and the wound is easy to crack during exercise;
● The wound is deep into the fat layer, and nerve cells and tendons may also be damaged;
● If there is a defect in the wound, gently pull the skin on both sides. If the wound "opens its mouth" to you, you must go to the hospital and ask a doctor to diagnose whether it is necessary to receive stitches or tie a butterfly bandage.