Hebei academy of agriculture and forestry Shijiazhuang Fruit Research Institute is a new century variety bred by crossing Xuehuali as female parent and male parent. 1997 passed the examination and approval of Hebei Forest Variety Examination and Approval Committee, and 1998 won the third prize of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of Agriculture. The average fruit weight is 278.5 grams, which is nearly round; The peel is yellow, the fruit surface is smooth, the fruit point is small, the stem sag is narrow and moderate, the sepals fall off, and the calyx sag is deep and wide. Small core, white meat, crispy meat, juicy, sweet and sour. It contains soluble solids 1 1.6%, soluble sugar 9.38% and titratable acid 0.20%, and its quality is extremely high. It can be stored for 20 days under natural conditions and can be stored until March to April of the following year under cold storage conditions. In Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, flower buds germinate in the middle and late March, bloom in the middle and early April, and the fruit matures in the middle of August. The fruit development period is about 120 days.

The crown of the tree is conical, the tree is upright, the tree has strong potential, strong germination and medium branching ability. Grafted seedlings began to bear fruit 2 ~ 3 years after planting, mainly with short fruit branches. Row spacing and plant spacing should be 3 ~ 5m× 2 ~ 3m. Free spindle shape or small crown sparse tree shape can be used. High resistance to pear scab. Ring rot and scarab damage are easy to occur in the middle and late stage of fruit development, so it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control. Pollination varieties can choose snowflakes, honey and so on. Suitable for planting in most areas of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Shanghai, as well as the Yangtze River basin and southern regions.

(2) North wind

The fruit tree research institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences was bred by crossing apple pear as female parent and Dangshan crisp pear as male parent. 1995 was appraised and named by the Ministry of Agriculture and Shanxi Province, and 1998 won the second prize of scientific and technological progress in Shanxi Province. The average fruit weight is 250 grams, and the fruit is nearly round or broadly obovate. The skin is smooth and waxy, with a yellow-green background and a blush. Stems narrow, shallow or medium deep; Sepals persist or fall off, and calyx is large, moderately deep or shallow. Small core, white meat, crisp meat, juicy, sweet and sour. It contains soluble solids11.2% ~14.0%, soluble sugar 8.36% ~ 10.56%, and titratable acid 0.10% ~ 0.4. The fruit is storable and can be stored in the cellar until April to May of the following year. In Jinzhong area, flower buds germinate in early April, blossom in late April, and the fruit matures in early September, and the fruit development period is about 135 days.

The crown is semi-circular, the tree posture is relatively open, and the tree potential is moderate. High germination rate and medium branching ability. 2 ~ 3 branches grow when the extended branches are cut. Grafted seedlings began to bear fruit in 3 ~ 4 years after planting, and there were many medium-long fruit branches in the early stage. After a large number of fruits, short fruit branches are the main ones, and axillary flower buds have strong fruiting ability. Row spacing and plant spacing should be 4 ~ 5m× 2 ~ 3m. It is advisable to use sparse heart type or small crown sparse tree type. Young trees grow vigorously and should be cut gently and released slowly; It is easy to form flower buds after the results, so we should pay attention to thinning flowers and fruits. Pollination varieties can be Pingguoli, Jinfeng, Zaosu, Yali, Jinmi, Xuehuali and so on. It is incompatible with Dangshan crisp pear pollen and cannot pollinate each other. Resistant to scab and rot, easy to be attacked by fruit consumers. The cold resistance is close to apple pear, and stronger than Yali pear, Xuehua pear and Dangshan crisp pear.

(3) Rain and dew fragrance

The Institute of Fruit Research of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences was bred by crossing Korla fragrant pear as female parent and Xuehua pear as male parent. In 2003, it was approved by Shanxi Crop Variety Approval Committee. The average weight of a single fruit is 250g, and the maximum weight is 450g. The fruit is nearly round or oval. The peel is green and yellow, and some or all of the fruit surface has vertical stripes of blush and dark red. The pericarp is thin, the fruit surface is smooth, the stem depression is wide and deep, the sepals persist or fall off, and the calyx depression is wide and deep. Small core, crisp meat, juicy, few stone cells and sweet taste. It contains soluble solids 12.0% ~ 15.0%, and its quality is excellent or extremely high. In Jinzhong area, flower buds germinate in early April, blossom in mid-April, and fruit ripens in late August and early September. The fruit development period is about 130 days. Good storability, and general earth caves can be preserved until February-March of the following year.

The crown is large, the tree posture is upright, the young trees grow vigorously, and the tree vigor is moderate after bearing fruit. High germination rate, medium branching ability, axillary bud fruiting habit, grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in 4 ~ 5 years. Results In the early stage, the middle-long fruit branches set more fruits, and after a large number of fruits, the short fruit branches set more fruits, and the fruit branches set more fruits in the next year. The plant row spacing is set at 2.5 ~ 3m× 4 ~ 5m, and the pollinated varieties can be Jinmi pear, Dangshan crisp pear and Xuehua pear.

(4) Qing Xue

The Horticulture Department of Zhejiang University was bred by crossing Xuehuali as the female parent and the new century as the male parent. 200 1 passed the examination and approval of Chongqing Crop Variety Examination and Approval Committee. The average fruit weight is 230 grams, the fruit is round, the skin is yellow-green, and the fruit surface is smooth and shiny. Small core, white flesh, crisp and juicy, and sweet taste. It contains soluble solids 12.5%, soluble sugar 7. 1 1%, titratable acid 0. 14%, and its quality is high. In Hangzhou, Zhejiang, flower buds germinate in early March, bloom in late March and mature in late August. The fruit development period is 120 ~ 125 days.

The tree has strong potential, open posture, high germination rate and medium branching ability. The medium and short fruit branches are mainly fruiting, and the fruiting branches have strong continuous fruiting ability. Fruiting early. It is easy to form flower buds, and there are obvious axillary flower buds in the young tree stage, mainly short fruit branches, which have strong ability to bear fruit continuously. Resistance to ring rot and scab. Pollination varieties can be Yali pear, Zhongli pear 1. Suitable for planting in the Yangtze River basin and the Yellow River basin in China.

(5) Red in August

The Fruit Research Institute of the College of Horticulture of Northwest A&F University and the Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences jointly bred, with Zaoba pear as the female parent and Zaosu pear as the male parent. 1995 was approved by Shaanxi Crop Variety Approval Committee. The average fruit weight is 262 grams, the fruit is oval, the fruit stalk is short, and the stalk is shallow and narrow; Sepals persist and calyx is deeply depressed. The surface of the fruit is smooth, slightly ribbed, with yellow-green background and bright red halo on the sunny side, and the appearance is quite beautiful. Small core, milky white flesh, crisp and juicy, sweet and delicious. It contains soluble solids11.9% ~15.3%, soluble sugar10.0/%~1.36%, and titratable acid is 0./. It can be stored at room temperature for 20 days. In Yangling, Shaanxi, flower buds germinate in mid-March, blossom in early and middle April, fruit ripens in mid-August, leaves fall in early February, and the fruit development period is 125 days.

The tree has strong potential, broad conical crown, relatively open posture, high germination rate and medium branching ability. Grafted seedlings began to bear fruit in the third year after planting, and the fruit setting rate was high. The suitable row spacing is 4 m× 2 ~ 3 m, and the tree shape adopts slender spindle shape or small crown sparse layer shape. Fruit bagging should use single-layer or double-layer light-shielding paper bags with black inside, and bagging should be picked about 1 month before harvesting. After picking the bag, in case of high temperature, spray water to cool down after sunset to facilitate coloring. Pollination varieties include Zaosu, Dangshan crisp pear and Xuehua pear. High resistance to scab, better resistance to rust and black spot, and poor resistance to fruit ring rot. Suitable for development in loess plateau and warm and semi-humid areas.

(6) Jinxiang

Nanguo pear was bred by distant hybridization between Nanguo pear and Bali pear in Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It is a high-quality pear variety for both fresh eating and processing. Average fruit weight130g, spindle-shaped. The peel is yellow-green, with a blush on the sunny side. The flesh is white or yellow-white, and the core is large. The flesh is hard at first harvest, soft and juicy at maturity, and the meat is delicate. There are a small number of stone cells near the nucleus, which are sweet and sour and have a strong aroma. It contains soluble solids 13.7%, soluble sugar 1 1. 1%, titratable acid 0.38%, and vitamin C 63.0 μ g/g, with excellent quality. In Xingcheng, Liaoning, flower buds germinate from late March to early April, bloom from late April to early May, and fruit ripens in early September.

The growth potential of the plant is moderate, the tree body is short and compact, the crown is wide and conical, the tree posture is semi-open, the germination rate is high (83.3%), and the branching ability is medium. Seedlings can bear fruit in 3 years after planting. Young trees mainly bear medium-long fruit branches, while adult trees mainly bear short fruit branches with axillary flower buds. Jinxiang pear trees are dwarfed and can be densely planted, with row spacing of 4m× 2m. Pollination varieties include Yali pear, Golden Pineapple and Zaosu pear. Small crown or spindle-shaped tree is adopted, and the lateral branches are lightly cut and long put, and the formation of flower buds is promoted by pulling branches and opening angles. Sparse the medium and long twigs that are too dense in the inner chamber, improve ventilation and light transmission, and improve the fruit setting rate. Strong cold resistance. Resist scab and rot, focusing on the prevention and control of fruit ring rot and fruit moth.

(7) Wujiuxiang

Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences was bred by crossing Yali pear as female parent and Bali pear as male parent. The average weight of a single fruit is 27 1g, which is thick-necked gourd-shaped, with smooth surface, prismatic protrusions and yellow-green skin. Some fruits have a pale blush on the sunny side, and there are flaky rust spots on the shoulders, and the fruit points are small and numerous, which are not obvious. The fruit stalk is 3.6 cm long and 3 mm thick, and there is no stalk depression or the stalk depression is shallow and narrow. Sepals persist, a few fall off, and calyx is shallow and wide with wrinkles. The core is as big as the other, the meat is yellow and white, and the meat is thick and crisp. Fruits can be eaten immediately after harvest. After ripening, the meat becomes soft, juicy, sweet and sour, slightly fragrant, and contains soluble solids 12.2%, with top quality. In Xingcheng, Liaoning, flower buds germinate in early April, bloom from late April to early May, and the fruit matures in early September, with a fruit development period of about 130 days.

The plant has strong growth potential, round crown, compact tree shape, strong germination rate (87.4%) and moderate branching ability, and generally 2-3 long branches germinate under the incision. This variety has a compact crown and is suitable for moderate close planting. The row spacing is 4 ~ 5m× 2 ~ 3m. Free spindle or small crown sparse layer can be used for plastic surgery. Generally, each inflorescence only sets fruit 1 ~ 2. Pollination varieties can be Zaosu, Jinhua No.4 and so on. Seedlings begin to bear fruit in 3 ~ 4 years after planting, mainly with short fruit branches. The proportion of all kinds of fruit branches is: long fruit branches 23%, middle fruit branches 23%, short fruit branches 53%, axillary buds 1%, and most of them are single fruits. High and stable yield. It has strong cold resistance, stronger rot resistance than Xiyang pear, and the fruit is vulnerable to stem borers. Suitable for development in southeast, north and northwest China.

(8) Chou-heung

It was bred by Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The female parent is a line 59-8 1- 1 bred by Horticulture, and the male parent is a line 56-1155 bred by Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1989 was approved by Heilongjiang Crop Variety Approval Committee in March. The fruit is round and tidy, with an average single fruit weight of 65.4 grams and a maximum of 80 grams. The surface of the fruit is light yellow, with waxy luster, shallow and narrow stems, shallow and wide calyx depressions, and persistent sepals. The pulp is milky white, with small stone cells, tender, soft and juicy, sweet and sour, with rich flavor, containing soluble solids 17.8% and excellent quality. Generally, fruits can be preserved for about 60 days, and the best edible period is from the end of September to the end of 10. In Harbin, Heilongjiang, flower buds germinate in early and middle April, blossom in mid-May, and fruit ripens in mid-September.

The tree has moderate potential, open tree shape and strong germination and branching ability. The plant row spacing on the flat land is 4m× 5m, and that on the mountain land is 3m× 4m or 3m× 5m. Pear varieties such as Xiaoxiang and 1273 can be selected as pollination trees. The axillary buds and short fruit branches bear fruit mainly, and the fruit branches have strong continuous fruit-bearing ability, and the young trees with low grafting begin to bear fruit in 4 years. The cold resistance is equivalent to that of Dashuixiang pear.

(9) Huanghua pear

It was bred by College of Agriculture and Biotechnology of Zhejiang University (formerly Zhejiang Agricultural University), and its parents were Huangmi× Zaosanhua. The average weight of a single fruit is about 130g, with a wide cone shape, yellow-green peel background, yellow-brown rust-colored fruit surface and medium-sized fruit point. Pedicel is 3.3 cm long and 3 mm thick. Stems are deep and wide, sepals are persistent, and calyx is deep and wide. The core is big or small, the flesh is white, the flesh is thick and crisp, there are few stone cells, the juice is rich, the taste is sweet, the soluble solid content is11.8% ~14.5%, the quality is high, and the fruit is not storable.

The tree is strong and the tree is open. High germination rate, moderate branching ability, easy to form short fruit branches and high yield. In Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the buds germinated in early March, blossomed in late March, and the fruit matured in mid-August. The fruit development period was 133 days. Strong resistance, high temperature and humidity resistance; Resistant to scab, black spot and ring rot. Pollination varieties can be Hangqing, New Century, Cuifu, Cuiguan and Qing Xue.