1. Reasonable garden construction
(1) The pollution-free cultivation area of red grape should be free of air and water pollution and have a good water environment.
(2) The terrain is relatively high, preferably sloping, with sufficient sunshine and transparency, no large buildings around, dry soil and good watering conditions.
(3) Sandy loam, there are no harmful heavy metals in the soil, such as pb(2+), Hg(2+) and other ions harmful to human body, and the groundwater level is low (below 10m).
(4) Red grape ears can be divided into two types: emptying type and squeezing type. Evacuation type should be selected to make the gap between fruit grains large and reduce the incidence rate.
(5) The density should be small. In order to improve ventilation transparency and reduce pathogenic factors, the plant spacing of 1.5m and the row spacing of 6m can be selected.
2. Fertilizer and water management
It is necessary to adhere to the principles of fertilizer and water management, such as large fertilizer and suitable water, reasonable nitrogen application and increasing the ratio of phosphorus to potassium.
(1) When preparing soil by fertilization, good organic fertilizer should be applied every 667 square meters. 5000kx, topdressing urea, diamine and diamine in the growing season, and topdressing 9-2 kg per plant in the growing season. Fertilizer can also be sprayed on the leaves, 3% zinc sulfate can be sprayed before germination, and 0.3%-0.5% urea and 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed in the growing season.
(2) Water 65438 0 times after each fertilization. Don't water too much to avoid excessive humidity in the garden and increase the incidence.
Step 3: plastic trimming
(1) plastic and frame-type single dragon stem plastic, one main vine length is 1.5m, and 1 0-2 fruiting branches are evenly distributed on both sides of the front end, and the spacing between each branch is about 20cm, and each 1 fruiting branch is arranged1. The height of the shed surface is 1.5m, so that grapes can grow under the shed and prevent sunburn.
(2) Pruning
(1) Repeat the winter pruning in the first 1 year, leaving 1 mother branch with a length of 20cm. In the second year, the main vine length is 1m, and there are 3-5 fruiting branches on it, and each fruiting branch has 1-2 buds. In the third year, the shed was covered. At this time, the main vine of 1.5-2m is left, and there are 10- 12 fruiting branches on it, half of which bear fruit, and each fruiting branch is cut with 2-3 buds. The other half is used as vegetative branches and spare branches, and 1-2 buds are reserved for re-cutting.
② Summer scissors
A cane fixes the new buds on the trellis, which is evenly distributed and occupies a reasonable space.
B Picking According to the characteristics of small leaves of Red Grape, 7-8 leaves are reserved for coring, which is beneficial to control vigorous growth, promote branch maturity, thicken leaves and turn green, and improve photosynthetic efficiency.
C sparse inflorescences and whole panicles are based on the principle that vegetative branches: fruiting branches are 2: 1. Pinch off the tip of the ear to make the ear shape inverted trapezoid, remove the secondary ear, and sparse some fruits when the fruit is crowded.
D bagging can reduce the infection of pests and diseases, reduce the harm of sunburn, avoid the occurrence of drug damage and ensure the smooth surface of fruits. You can use Japanese Kobayashi bag. Pick a broken bag half a month ago for easy coloring.
4. Prevention and control of major pests and diseases
According to the standard requirements for producing green food apples (NYYT 68-95 standard issued by the Ministry of Agriculture 1995), biological and mineral pesticides should be used as much as possible to avoid using pesticides with high toxicity and high residue.
(1) disease
Strengthen the cultivation and management of grape white rot, improve the disease resistance, cut off the diseased parts at any time, and eliminate germs; Focus on strengthening the protection of spraying drugs, spraying drugs 1 time in the early stage of onset, spraying drugs 1 time every 15 days, and * * * 3-5 times. Optional drugs: 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times.
Prevention of grape black pox (aphthosis) should be the main measure. Spraying an eradicator, 0.5% sodium pentachlorophenol mixed with 3 waves of smectite sulfur mixture, or 10% ferrous sulfate plus 1% crude sulfuric acid before germination; Spraying protection during the growth period: spraying 1 time every 10- 15 days from the beginning of leaf spreading to the front of fruit coloring, and the medicament can be 1: 0.5: 200 bordeaux solution, 80% Sheng Da M-45800 times solution, and 50% sterilization special wettability.
Grape anthracnose grape berries were sprayed 1 time, and then sprayed 1 time every 15 days for 3-5 times continuously. Stop spraying half a month before grape harvest, and choose 800 times 50% special wettable powder for degerming.
Downy mildew collects diseased leaves and fruits in late autumn and burns or buries them. Spray 1 time at the initial stage of onset, and spray 1 time every 15 days thereafter, 2-3 times in total. The first choice is 1: 0.7: 200 bordeaux solution, and the second choice is 65% zinc familia 500 times solution.
(2) Insect pests
Grape wing moth combined with winter pruning, cut off the damaged branches and vines to eliminate the overwintering larvae, and spray 1500 times urea No.3 at the insect stage.
Spraying 3 waves of smectite sulfur mixture before germination and 0.2-0.3 waves of smectite sulfur mixture during growth.
In fact, all grape varieties are grown in this way. I hope I can help you. If you want to know about high-quality grape varieties, I would like to discuss with you. ...