On the basis of strengthening the comprehensive management of fertilizer and water, apricot trees in full fruit stage should be pruned, adjusted and maintained reasonably to balance the relationship between growth and fruiting, prolong the fruiting period and improve economic benefits.
In the case of good fertilizer and water conditions and vigorous growth of trees, pruning short branches should not be too heavy, otherwise it will stimulate the germination of vigorous branches near the cutting mouth, inhibit the germination of lower buds, and even lead to premature decline of basal branchlets. The pruning of extended branches and developing branches can be flexibly mastered according to the principle of cutting less strong branches and cutting more weak branches. It is generally appropriate to cut off about 1/3 ~ 1/4 of the new shoots of that year. After the vegetative branches and extension branches are properly chopped, strong new branches can grow at the top and fruit branches can grow at the bottom. If the short cutting is too light, although more fruit branches can be formed, the growth of new shoots at the top is weak, which is easy to unbalance the vegetative growth and reproductive growth, weaken the growth of trees and shorten the fruiting period.
The germination ability of buds on vegetative branches varies greatly with different branching angles. Branches with large planting angles are thick and can form more fruit branches. Therefore, in order to cultivate larger fruiting branches, we should first select and cultivate vegetative branches with larger angles, then cut them lightly or slowly, and then retract them in stages in a planned way after the fruiting branches are formed and bear fruit.
The medium, short and bouquetlike fruit branches planted on the main and lateral branches bear early fruits, but there are few branches, which only rely on the top leaf buds and extend slowly year by year. Therefore, this kind of fruit branch has a short life span, the longest is only 5-6 years. This kind of fruit branch plays a great role in early high yield, but it is easy to decline and cause baldness after entering the full fruit stage. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the shaping of young trees, make use of robust vegetative branches in a planned way, cultivate larger fruiting branches, and prevent bare holes.
The fruiting branches on the back of the main branches or lateral branches have a long effective fruiting life, but if they grow naturally, they are easy to form trees on the trees, disrupt the tree shape and compete with the backbone branches. If the extension direction is changed from upright to inclined by pruning, it can not only slow down the growth, but also be used for long-term results.
Apricot trees are weak in branching ability, so unless the branches are too dense, they should not be thinned. It is best to use the method of retraction and pruning to promote the growth of branches, form flower buds, increase the fruiting area and increase the yield per unit area.
In the process of pruning, we should pay attention to the following points:
(1) The pruning amount of trunk extension branches at all levels should be controlled at 1/2 ~ 1/3 of the branch length.
(2) The thin and short fruit branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should be thinned or retracted and updated in time, and the strong branches left should be cut short appropriately.
(3) The crossing branches, overlapping branches and over-dense branches in the middle and upper part of the crown should be thinned out in time to maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the crown.
(4) For the bearing branches that have been bearing fruit for many years and have weak growth, they can be appropriately retracted to promote the flourishing growth of the base branches and form new bearing branches.
In the late stage of full fruit, due to the heavy load all the year round, the angle of the main branch is easy to open too large, and the branches on the back of the main branch are easy to sprout. If it can be used, it should be picked when the branches grow to 40 ~ 50 cm to promote the growth of branches and cultivate them into fruiting branches; For the drooping branches around the crown, they can be shrunk to the upward branches in time to improve the branching angle.