The pits on the surface reduce the air resistance. Can they be used in planes, trains and cars?
I can't. There are two kinds of resistance to objects in the flow field, one is called piezoresistance and the other is called viscous resistance. The pressure drag edge is due to the difference of fluid pressure before and after, because the pressure in the wake is smaller than that in front. Viscous resistance comes from the skin viscosity on the surface of the object. Strictly speaking, if the fluid is not viscous, neither of the two kinds of resistance will occur (D'Alembert's paradox), but generally we still adopt this classification. Viscous resistance is as difficult to overcome as friction. Pressure resistance has a great relationship with the shape of the object. If the resistance of an object is mainly piezoresistive, such as a ball, we call it a blunt body, and vice versa, it is a streamline body. Obviously, the comprehensive resistance of streamlined design is much smaller (see the figure below, from top to bottom, from blunt body to streamlined). Therefore, cars, trains and airplanes are all designed to be streamlined to reduce pressure resistance. Golf balls are obviously blunt bodies. But we can't change its shape, otherwise it won't be called a ball. Therefore, reducing its piezoresistance needs another way. As can be seen from the above figure, with the increase of Reynolds number on the horizontal axis, the drag coefficient of the blunt body will suddenly drop at a certain position and then gradually increase. This phenomenon is called resistance crisis, with the focus on turbulence. In order to reduce drag, most practical aircraft and car shape designs try to suppress turbulence. For example, in the 1990s, NASA had a series of F- 16XL supersonic laminar flow control projects, aiming to stimulate turbulence in laminar flow design by improving the shape design and active suction device, with the general purpose of restraining separation (wing vulgarity and high angle of attack). The commonly used method is similar to the principle of golf and is called voertexgenerator. The research methods mostly use various actuators to achieve the goal through vibration and sound waves. .