Probably many people know pearl dates and nectarines, right? What are the planting techniques of pearl jujube nectarine? The following are the planting techniques of pearls, jujubes and nectarines that I have arranged for you. I hope they are useful to you.

Cultivation techniques of pearl jujube nectarine

1, garden selection

It is best to choose plots with flat terrain in Gao Qian, loose soil, high soil organic matter content, good drainage conditions and sufficient sunshine for nectarine cultivation in greenhouse. It is best to choose fields with flat land, which has the advantages of good lighting conditions and high land utilization rate.

2. Preparation before planting

Before planting, determine the width of the greenhouse according to the size and length of the field, planting density and other factors, and then set out. Dig a planting ditch with a depth of 40 cm and a width of 80 cm, and apply organic fertilizer in layers, with 3000 kg of organic fertilizer (column fertilizer) and 50 kg of sulfur-containing compound fertilizer per mu. Make an arc-shaped ridge, open a deep ditch and wait for planting.

Step 3 plant

3. 1 planting density

In order to achieve the goal of planting one year, harvesting two years and producing three years, it is necessary to plant closely, and increase the density (number of trees) in the early stage to achieve early high yield. With the continuous expansion of the crown, the trees are sparse to dense to meet the requirements of nectarine growth for ventilation and light transmission. General plant spacing is 1 m? 2 meters or 1.5 meters? 1.5m and 1.5m? 2 meters. There must be a space of more than 1 m between greenhouses, which is convenient for production management and ventilation.

3.2 Planting Time and Pretreatment

Nectarine is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging, so it should be planted shallowly. Before planting, the seedlings should be sprayed with 3-degree sulfur mixture to disinfect the whole plant to avoid bringing pathogenic bacteria into the orchard. When planting, the roots of nectarine seedlings are evenly spread around, then the topsoil is backfilled to the roots, compacted while compacting, and then watered with live root water, so that the soil and roots are closely combined, which can improve the survival rate of fruit seedlings.

The planting time is usually from June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year. It is best to plant nectarine seedlings years ago. The growth potential of nectarine seedlings before the year was stronger than that after the year, and the yield also increased simultaneously. To this end, we advocate planting years ago.

4. Post-planting management

4. 1 tree adjustment

According to different spans, planting densities and different positions in the greenhouse, the tree shape is determined.

(1) Spindle-shaped small crown This tree has the advantages of small pruning, fast crown formation, many branches and buds, and many fruits, which can achieve the goal of early maturity and high yield. Its main feature is that there are 6~ 10 main branches planted on the main branches, and the bearing branches are directly planted on the main branches, with the same direction interval of 30~40 cm. The length and thickness of the main branches are not more than the central trunk, and there is no obvious hierarchy.

(2) When the height of natural happiness is 20-30cm, leave three main branches first, and when the main branches are about 20cm long, pick and branch, and pick or unscrew the branches on the back of the buds.

4.2 Branch Management

The management of new shoots is mainly to wipe buds, pick cores, twist shoots and pull branches. When the new branch of the main branch is 30 cm long and the lateral branch is 20 cm long, the branch length is controlled, and when the additional branch length is 15 cm, the branch is picked again for many times to promote the branch growth and expand the crown. Even if the dense branches are sparse at ordinary times, the buds on your back should be wiped.

4.3 Fertilizer and water management

In order to achieve the goal of planting one year and harvesting two years, the cultivation techniques and measures are completely different from those of sparse planting in the open field. The first half of the year promoted the rapid growth of nectarine and increased the crown width, which laid a good foundation for high yield in the next year. At the beginning of July, various measures were taken to control the quantity growth and promote the formation of flower buds.

Forward. When nectarines began to grow, thin fertilizer was applied in Ying Qin, and quick-acting chemical fertilizer was applied once every 10~ 15 days, combined with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for top dressing.

Post control. In July, nitrogen fertilizer was stopped and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied. In mid-July, branches are opened at a certain angle to slow down growth, improve light and promote flower bud formation. Spraying 15% paclobutrazol for 200-300 times, once every 10 day, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.

4.4 Intercropping and Intercropping

Improve soil structure, kill two birds with one stone. Intercropping crops should choose varieties with short stalks, less fertilizer and high efficiency, such as peanuts, vegetables and leguminous crops. In order to save labor, the orchard floor can be covered with black plastic film to avoid overgrown weeds. Early plastic film mulching can increase soil temperature and promote nectarine root growth.

4.5 Pest control

The main diseases of nectarine are leaf shrinkage, bacterial perforation and gummosis. Disinfection before planting and closing the garden in winter can greatly reduce the occurrence of diseases, and it can also be controlled with 70% thiophanate-methyl 600 times solution or 65% zineb 500 times solution. The main diseases are aphids, red spiders and so on. 10% aphid lousjing 2000 times solution can be used to control aphids, and acaricide can be used to control red spiders.

5. Greenhouse construction and shed management

There are two kinds of greenhouses: steel greenhouse and bamboo greenhouse. Steel frame greenhouse has long service life and convenient construction, but its disadvantages are limited span and large one-time investment. Bamboo shed is the opposite. According to the climatic conditions in Lin 'an, no matter what kind of greenhouse is used, it must be built in the first half of 5438+ 10.

5. 1 plastic film

Film mulching time: nectarine leaves must have certain low temperature conditions when they are dormant. Generally, it takes more than 600 hours below 7.2℃ to blossom and bear fruit normally. Therefore, in Lin 'an, plastic film can be covered 19 days before plastic film mulching in early February to increase ground temperature and promote root activity.

5.2 shed temperature control

Front self-cover shed film? The flowering temperature is controlled at 10℃~28℃ during the day, at 5℃~ 10℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 70% ~ 80%. Young fruit period? In the hardcore stage, the daytime temperature is controlled at 15℃~25℃, the nighttime temperature is controlled at 8℃~ 15℃, and the humidity is between 50~60%. Fruit expansion period? During the harvesting period, the daytime temperature is controlled at 15℃~30℃, the nighttime temperature is controlled at 10℃, and the humidity is kept at 60%. During the whole greenhouse, the main thing is to do a good job of ventilation and cooling.

5.3 Management of Flowers, Fruits and Branches in Shed Period

(1) Flower and fruit management: Because of the high air humidity in the greenhouse, it is not conducive to pollen transmission. Therefore, bees in the shed or artificial pollination can be used to improve the fruit setting rate. In order to improve the quality of fruit, make the fruit uniform in size and smooth in peel, it is necessary to evenly thin the fruit. Fruit thinning after fruit setting is mainly to remove small fruits, deformed fruits, diseased fruits and double fruits. Generally, the fruit is determined according to the thickness and length of branches. Under normal circumstances, there are 3~4 long fruit branches, 2~3 middle fruit branches and short fruit branches 1 branch. The interval distance is about 7cm~ 10cm.

(2) twig management: firstly, the twin twigs are erased, and the upright twigs on the back are cut off; Second, when the top of the fruit tree grows to 5-6 leaves, timely core removal can effectively improve the fruit setting rate. After coring and waiting for bud, after the new bud grows 5~6 leaves for the second time, it is necessary to core again and constantly erase the lateral buds. Other vigorous new shoots are 10 leaves, and twisting the shoots controls the growth.

(3) Fertilizer and water management

A, before mulching with plastic film, apply 30 kilograms of urea per mu.

B, fruit swelling fertilizer, immediately after thinning the fruit, apply the fruit swelling fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer containing S per mu of water.

C, collecting fruit fertilizer. After the fruit is harvested, it is necessary to remove the plastic film and sky film in time, preferably on cloudy days or in the evening, and then apply 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu of water to restore the tree and promote the growth of branches.

6.4 harvest

The fruit can be harvested when it is 70~80% ripe. Wear gloves when picking, so as to pick, put and transport lightly, and avoid bumping and squeezing the fruit. Post-harvest should be graded and packaged in time.

Cultivation techniques of pearl jujube nectarine

First, the management of soil, fertilizer and water.

Digging deep into the soil: Pearl jujube nectarine has developed root system, many fibrous roots and shallow distribution, mainly concentrated in the topsoil of 30 ~ 40 cm, so soil management is particularly important. Deep tillage can improve soil structure and physical and chemical properties, increase soil porosity, improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity and air permeability, and promote the formation of soil aggregate structure. Deep tillage deepens the topsoil and promotes the root system to extend in depth, thus promoting the robust growth of aboveground parts, enriching flower buds and improving yield and fruit quality. Every winter, soil, hillside or cohesive soil layer should be dug to a depth of 50? 60cm, deep sandy soil, 30? 40cm is enough.

Fertilization: according to the tree potential and yield of mature pearl date nectarine, an annular fertilizing ditch with a depth of 50㎝ and a width of 60㎝ is dug at the dripping place of the crown in September-65438+1October every year, and the organic fertilizer is 30 ㎝-40 ㎝ for each plant; In mid-February, 200 ~ 250 π urea was applied to the plants, 250 ~ 350 π compound fertilizer was applied to the plants after flowering, and 200 ~ 300 π potassium sulfate was applied to the plants in late May. Spraying 0.3% urea and 0.2% borax at full flowering stage can improve the fruit-setting rate, and spraying 0.3% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 15d after flowering for 2 ~ 3 times.

Watering: The watering of Pearl jujube nectarine depends on the water demand, rainfall and soil properties at different growth stages. Annual irrigation is generally divided into the following three periods: germination water: watering before spring germination can enhance the germination potential of branches, promote orderly germination, and promote the growth of spring shoots and buds, and the time should be sooner rather than later. Irrigation during the growing period: after the full flowering period, young fruits begin to develop. Because a large number of flowers consume a lot of water and nutrition, topdressing irrigation can improve photosynthetic efficiency and promote young fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation. After entering winter, the climate is dry, so it is necessary to irrigate frozen water to improve the cold resistance of trees.

Drainage: Pearl date nectarine is most afraid of waterlogging, and attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy season. A drainage ditch should be dug in a flat peach garden to remove stagnant water in time. In the low border, the garden can be built by deep ditch and high border, which can not only drain water, but also reduce the groundwater level. Mountain orchards are easy to wash away terraces in heavy rain, so soil and water conservation should be done well. Both flat orchards and mountain orchards should be irrigated by dry energy and drained by waterlogging.

Second, shaping and pruning

Shaping: There are many kinds of tree shapes of pearl jujube nectarine, including natural round head shape, natural happy shape and inverted shape. People? Shape and so on. Of course, I am happy to see the three main branches in the peach producing area of our county. Its main features are firm skeleton, good ventilation and light transmission, high yield, easy management and fruit picking. The trunk is 30 ~ 50 cm high, and the tree is 2 ~ 2.5 meters high. Three branches are planted on the trunk, and the growth is balanced, and the azimuth angle is 120 degrees. The three main branches are arranged up and down at an angle of 40 ~ 60 degrees. There are 3 ~ 4 side branches on each main branch, and the 1 side branch is about 50 ~ 60cm； away from the main branch; The secondary lateral branches are distributed on the other side of the main branch, with a distance of 30 ~ 40cm； from the primary lateral branches; The third lateral branch is located at the top of the main branch, which is generally a large fruiting branch group. The whole tree * * * has 9 ~ 12 lateral branches, and there are 20 large and medium-sized fruiting branches around the main lateral branches.

Pruning in winter: Pruning young trees is mainly to enlarge the crown and cultivate the skeleton as soon as possible. In the first year of winter pruning, the main branches should be shortened, and 50 ~ 60 cm should be cut to expand the crown. In the second and third years, the extension head of the main branch was cut from 1 ∕ 3 ~ 1 ∕ 2, with a length of about 50cm. At the same time, lateral branches are selected, and vertical branches, over-dense branches and cross branches are removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.

Summer pruning: Summer pruning is mainly about thinning out the branches that are too dense and too prosperous. When you have space, you can pick the top of the overgrown branch and make it a fruiting branch. First, remove the core from the vertical branches and leave 5-6 leaves for the new shoots growing vertically on the back. After coring, 1 ~ 2 new shoots can be issued, which can be carried out 2 ~ 3 times a year, which can effectively control the vigorous growth of new shoots. Second, the long fruit branches should be pitted. For long fruit branches that have not stopped growing, 1/5 ~ 1/4 should be picked to control growth and promote flower bud differentiation. Thirdly, coring the secondary branches, which can control the growth and promote the enrichment of branches by coring the secondary branches of main branches and extended branches; The flower bud differentiation can be promoted by coring the long branches and auxiliary branches on the competitive branches controlled by the last summer pruning. The fourth is pruning and picking the core. For the strong branches that are easy to occur near the cut, leave 3 leaves to pick the core. Generally, pick the nucleus 1 ~ 2 times, but pay attention to pick the nucleus early and pick the nucleus again. Medium trees and weak trees are not suitable for picking.

Third, flower and fruit management.

According to the annual output, crown width, number of branches, tree potential and fruit size of the orchard, the reserved flowers and fruits are determined, and the output is determined according to the fruit setting rate, branch length, growth potential and flower amount of the year. Generally, strong trees and strong branches leave more flowers and less fruits, while weak trees and weak branches leave less flowers and less fruits. There are many erect branches, few transverse branches and drooping branches, many inner and lower layers of the crown, and few outer and upper layers of the crown.

Thinning flowers and fruits shall be carried out once each. Thinning flowers shall be carried out in full bloom, and the number of flowers left is about 3 times of the number of fixed fruits. Thinning fruits shall be carried out within 2 weeks after flowers wither. Flowers and fruits should be thinned from top to bottom and from inside to outside. In the process of thinning flowers and fruits, we should be careful to avoid leakage and damage to flowers and fruits that should not be thinned. Flowers that are sparse first and then bloom are on the same branch, flowers that are sparse, flowers with incomplete organs and clustered flowers are neglected, and dense flowers and single flowers are neglected. Leave 10 ~ 20 flowers for long branches, 5 ~ 10 flowers for middle branches and 2 flowers for short fruit branches. More flowers can be left in the middle and upper parts of the fruiting branches. On the same tree, thin weak fruits, diseased fruits, deformed fruits and over-dense fruits first, and then thin the fruits in the sky. There should be no leaves and short-stemmed fruits near the fruits. Generally speaking, it is better to leave middle and upper fruits for long fruit branches, more top fruits for middle fruit branches and as many fruits as possible for long fruit branches. The long branch leaves 3-5 fruits, the middle branch leaves 2-3 fruits, the short branch leaves 1 fruit or does not bear fruit, and the prepared branch does not bear fruit. The upper branches, peripheral branches or long branches at the top of large and medium branches leave more fruits.

Fourth, pest control.

Agricultural control: The main pests and diseases of Pearl jujube nectarine in our county are peach leaf shrinkage disease, bacterial perforation disease, peach aphid and peach fruit borer. After pruning in winter, clear the garden in time, remove pests and diseases, litter, and focus on burning to eliminate overwintering pests and diseases.

Chemical control: spray pommel 3 ~ 5 days before germination after pruning in winter? Make a mixture of stone and sulfur to eliminate overwintering pests and diseases. Spraying 10% imidacloprid 1500 times solution before flowering to control aphids, and spraying 1 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 ~ 1000 times solution or mycotoxin 1500 ~ 2000 times solution in mid-April and late May. 45% or 70% mancozeb 1000 times solution+imidacloprid 1500 times solution can effectively control peach leaf shrinkage, bacterial perforation, peach aphid and fruit borer.