The maintenance of automobile paint is actually very complicated. Its structure is the same as our skin. Although it looks smooth, its surface also has tiny concave surfaces and holes. If it is a new car (bought within 3 months), it is recommended to go to a beauty shop for glaze sealing or coating treatment. Polishing and coating are to fill tiny holes or concave surfaces on the paint surface and form a protective layer. Under normal circumstances, the coating time is longer than the sealing time, and the sealing is invalid for about 3 months to half a year. Generally, the coating will fail within more than six months to one year, mainly due to the gradual loss of the protective layer caused by wind and rain, car washing, etc. After a certain period of time, secondary sealing or coating is needed. Polishing and waxing is a routine project in general car wash shops, but it is not recommended, because if the vehicle is waxed or polished all the time without painting or sealing glaze, it is equivalent to consuming the thickness of the paint surface, gradually making the car paint thinner, tarnished and slightly scratched.
Automobile paint knowledge
Car paint is usually baking paint. In the garage, the frame and the body are welded, and after the body is manually repaired, the next process is painting. Generally speaking, the first is the primer. Immerse the white car body in a syrup-like paint tank and take out the dry primer; Then send it to the dust-free workshop, spray the top coat with electrostatic spray painting process, and then dry it at about 200 degrees. Some will be coated with another layer of varnish. In this way, the painting process is completed. There are several general topcoats: ordinary paint, metallic paint and pearlescent paint. The main components of common coatings are resin, pigment and additives; There is a lot of aluminum powder in metallic paint, so it looks very bright after completion; Pearlescent paint is added with mica powder. Mica is thin and reflective, so it has a colorful effect. If it is a metallic paint with a clear coat, the car paint looks dazzling.
Interpretation of automobile paint care knowledge
Car paint is like human skin, and acid rain, oxides and ultraviolet rays, like bacteria and mites, will erode the "skin" of cars. Although the importance of automobile paint care has been paid attention to now, even the maintenance workers may not know the relevant knowledge.
Automobile paint is generally composed of electrolytic paint, primer and color paint. In terms of chemical composition, the development of automobile paint has gone through three stages: alkyd (magnetic) paint in the 1920s, acrylic (magnetic) paint in the 1960s and mirror varnish in the 1980s. But do you really know about varnish? The varnish layer has two functions: one is to increase the brightness and reflectivity of the paint, and the other is to protect the colored paint layer. It has the following four characteristics:
1. The varnish is beautiful with high gloss, but it is easy to scratch. If you clean the car with a slightly hard towel or suede after washing the car, you will find hair scratches.
2. At present, the varnish material used in the original factory is mainly one-component paint cured at high temperature: polyurethane or polyester, and the varnish material commonly used in repair paint is mainly two-component acrylate cured naturally.
3. Varnish generally contains the protection function of reducing ultraviolet radiation (paint does not contain this function). As long as the varnish layer is intact, it can effectively delay the aging (fading) of the paint.
4. varnish is more susceptible to environmental pollution than ordinary paint. The sources of harmful substances include: carbon black of carbon dioxide released by automobile exhaust and sundries falling from aircraft jet fuel, such as acid rain, acid fog, acid snow and so on. Once these sundries fall on the car, together with the moisture in the air, they become acidic solutions and corrode the varnish. A little heating (ultraviolet rays in the sun) will start a chemical reaction and erode the protective layer of automobile paint. Once or twice is not obvious, but if left unattended for a long time, this chemical reaction will eventually corrode the color layer, primer layer and metal.
Automobile paint repair
Generally speaking, small scratches, such as scars on the paint surface, scars turning white, and even the paint surface being scraped into hairlines, actually do not need to be touched up. Light, can be treated with car wax; If it's heavy, just polish it.
More seriously, you can see the color of the bottom primer (such as the white primer below). Generally speaking, bumpers, rearview mirrors and wheel eyebrows are all plastic parts and will not rust. It doesn't matter if the problem is small. If it is scraped on the car body steel plate, it needs to be painted. Otherwise, even a small damage, the steel plate will start to rust. Even if the touch-up effect is ignored.
Repair scratches with sand wax
Using car scratch wax, the so-called sand wax, is not expensive either. Generally used to treat scratches around 20 yuan, and the effect is very good. After applying it several times, just wipe it with a clean rag. Large scratches need to be wiped several times to cover. It's waterproof, too. The wax has instructions. It's useless to say more, just try it, but when you don't know the effect of the new wax, try it on the corner of the car first, remember that it's scraping wax and sand wax, and ask before you buy it. Toothpaste seems to cover up scratches, but it will be washed off when it rains. Not waterproof, not recommended. If you often have people rowing cars there, you'd better buy scratch insurance. If the scratch is not serious, wait until the insurance expires and fill the scratch at one time.
Matters needing attention in touch-up painting
First of all, all places, even the original factory, will not use "original paint" to touch up the paint! If the repair shop tells you that they use "original paint", it must be cheating you to increase the maintenance cost. The reason is very simple: the original painting process is baked at 200 degrees after spraying paint. And how many parts on the finished car can withstand the temperature of 200 degrees? However, under normal circumstances, the manufacturer will still recommend the designated brand of repair paint to the special maintenance station. Good repair stations will also use good brands.
Secondly, the color of the repair paint is prepared before repair. The reason is also very simple: your car may have been driving for several years, and the paint has begun to fade, although you can't tell. If parked outside, the fading degree will be slightly different in different directions. If you want to match the original color as much as possible, you can only adjust it now. The computer color matching of large repair shops can't distinguish the color difference between car paint and original car paint, so don't worry.
Also, in order to avoid color difference as much as possible, even if it is only necessary to touch up the paint, the repair shop will repaint the whole piece. For example, if there is a need to repair the door, then, in case the upper part or the lower part is sprayed. In this way, if there is a little color difference, it is not easy to see it. It is not difficult to understand why the left front bumper is scratched and the whole bumper needs painting. Then it can't be said that the repair shop is cheating customers. It is best not to wash the car for a week after painting.
About car paint polishing
Some car beauty shops will suggest polishing your car paint to restore its true color. What is polishing? In short, it is to grind off the scratches or fading on the surface of the car paint, revealing the bright car paint below. However, human skin can be regenerated, and car paint cannot be regenerated. After polishing once or twice, the paint layer that is not thick will become thinner and thinner, and the self-protection ability will become worse and worse, which will eventually lead to irreversible aging. Therefore, polishing should be done as little as possible unless absolutely necessary. And after a polishing, it needs more thoughtful and meticulous maintenance. Use car wax with better protective performance, clean and maintain the car in time, and make up for the damage to the protective layer as much as possible.
Standard construction technology of three-stage polishing
Polishing can be divided into primary polishing, secondary polishing and tertiary polishing, and the standard construction technology of tertiary polishing is (applicable to used cars and vehicles with discolored, oxidized and high scratches):
First, external cleaning. In view of the thorough cleaning of the body part of the vehicle to be constructed, it is recommended to use neutral car wash liquid when washing the car.
Second, remove stains. Don't wipe it after washing. Drive the construction vehicle into the beauty station to remove paint stains. Firstly, 3M paint cleaner (38377) is sprayed on the paint surface, and then 3M car wash mud (38070) is used to remove stubborn stains such as shellac, oil smoke spots, paint mist, slight oxide, etc. on the paint surface, glass, mirror, door handle groove, front and rear lamps in the order of hood, front fender, front and rear doors and rear cover, so as to obtain a smooth paint surface.
Third, external cleaning. Thoroughly clean all parts of the car body, dry the surface of the car body, and use high-pressure air to blow out and dry the water in the mirror, body gap, inverted door, fuel tank cover, front and rear license plates, door handle and logo. Ensure that the car body is clean and free of water stains.
Fourth, shielding protection. Covering the construction area. Stick the lamp frame, plastic parts, glass water outlet, logo and door handle on the hood and the back, and protect it with American paper. Finally, cover the front windshield with a long towel to avoid polishing wear and subsequent treatment problems caused by construction splash.
Fifth, polish. Use 2000 water sandpaper to polish the paint surface, and then rinse the paint surface with water continuously. Polishing depends on the hardness of the paint surface and the state of local scratches. After sanding, 05973 (Beauty Wax) and 057 1 1 (White Wool Wheel) are selected to treat the paint surface, mainly to remove orange peel, spots and sagging on the paint surface. After completion, use 05928 (medium polishing agent) and 057 13 (yellow hair wheel) to polish the paint surface for the second time.
Sixth, matters needing attention. Corner parts should be slightly sanded or not sanded according to the paint surface condition to avoid leakage of sand primer. Avoid decorative strips, sealing strips and chrome-plated parts when grinding.
What is the difference between car wax, sealing glaze and coating products?
Car paint care mainly includes waxing, coating, sealing and polishing. For the protection of automobile paint, especially varnish layer, various products have appeared in the market. Generally speaking, paint protection products work by the following principles:
After the film-forming components in the product form a film on the surface of the car paint, wax or glaze molecules will penetrate into the gaps in the paint surface, while the coating products will form a solid protective film on the common film-forming components. So as a paint protection product, what is the difference between car wax, glaze sealing and coating products?
Car wax: Car wax is a traditional car paint protection product, mainly composed of natural or synthetic wax, which can be subdivided into animal wax, plant wax, mineral wax and synthetic wax according to different chemical components and sources. Wax smoothes the surface and increases the brightness by penetrating into the cracks on the paint surface. In order to achieve better gloss effect, the wax layer needs to be thicker, but this will often affect the color of car paint. Moreover, the durability of car wax is poor, and it loses its original bright effect after several rains. Advantages: saving money, simple operation, and doing it yourself. Disadvantages: The main component of wax is petroleum, which is corrosive to paint. The timeliness is poor, generally wax once a week, and the rain will be gone as soon as it is washed. If it is a new car (a new car bought within 3 months), it is recommended to go to the beauty shop for a glaze sealing or coating treatment.
Polishing and coating are to fill tiny holes or concave surfaces on the paint surface and form a protective layer.
Sealing glaze: sealing glaze is a new concept derived from car wax, and it is a petroleum product extracted from petroleum by-products. Glaze sealing is to use soft wool or sponge to make glaze molecules penetrate into the cracks of automobile surface paint through the high-speed vibration and friction of vibration polishing machine, thus playing the role of aesthetics and protecting automobile paint surface. However, whether this method itself will cause damage to the car paint is still a question that needs to be considered. Compared with wax molecules, glaze sealing molecules have the characteristics of high surface hardness and good adhesion to paint surface, so their durability is better than car wax. However, due to the small glaze molecules, it can not completely fill the gaps in the paint surface, and the brightness is also low. Glazing is to enhance the wear resistance of automobile paint by polymer covering. Advantages: the hardness of paint surface is improved, and the characteristics of high temperature resistance and ultraviolet resistance are better, which is beneficial to protecting car paint. Disadvantages: it is corrosive, and it is done once every six months. It needs to go to a specialty store to do construction services.
Coating: Its products are mainly composed of one or more substances such as glass cellulose, specially modified silicon/fluoropolymer, etc. By coating on the paint surface, the car paint is completely isolated from the outside world. The thickness of the coating is usually less than 65438 00 microns. The polymer of the coating is stable, but the polymer will age in the air, and its long-term effectiveness needs time to test. Because the film layer is thick, it may change the color of the paint layer, and there are quite a lot of inorganic substances in the film, which will make the surface astringent and not smooth enough. High-quality coating products, such as Guipai Jingdun coating, contain a special patented formula of low-molecular fluoropolymer THV, which can significantly improve the gloss of paint surface and improve the lasting aging resistance of paint surface. Battery coating is a comprehensive protective layer with acid resistance, alkali resistance, wear resistance, ultraviolet resistance and corrosion resistance, which is adsorbed on the surface of automobile paint by electrophoresis technology of mutual adsorption of positive and negative electrons. It is the mainstream paint protection measure in North America at present. Advantages: the general efficacy is about 3 years, the smoothness is improved (insect carcasses and asphalt are easy to wipe off), the hardness of paint surface is improved by 3 times, and it can still shine after 150 high-pressure car washing. Disadvantages: the construction time takes 3 ~ 4 hours. All imported materials are complex in technology and relatively high in cost.
According to different paint conditions, experts suggest to choose the above different paint protection products according to actual needs, so as to make the paint as good as new for a long time and avoid the troubles caused by aging paint. At the same time, in order to ensure the construction quality and give full play to the efficacy of the product itself, it is recommended that the owner go to the beauty shop that has been formally trained by the manufacturer to choose the paint care service.
About waxing a new car
Don't wax the new car too early. There is a protective wax on the paint of the new car itself. Premature waxing will remove the original wax from the surface of a new car. As for how often you call again, it depends on whether you often drive in the sand and how much you love washing cars. Because of the different driving environment and parking place, the time interval of waxing should be different. Generally, vehicles parked in the garage and driving on good roads should be waxed once every 3-4 months; Vehicles parked in the open air should be waxed every 2-3 months due to the wind and rain. Of course, this is not a hard and fast rule. Generally, you touch the car body by hand. When it feels not smooth, you can wax it again.
Daily maintenance
1. Before, during and after the vehicle is used, the dust on the vehicle body should be removed in time to minimize the adsorption of static electricity on the dust on the vehicle body;
2. Wash it in time after rain. After the rain, the rain stains on the car body will gradually shrink, so the concentration of acidic substances in the rain will gradually increase. If the rain stains are not washed with clear water as soon as possible, the finish will be damaged over time.
3. When washing the car, it should be carried out after the engine cools down. Don't clean the vehicle in the scorching sun or high temperature, so as to avoid leaving traces after the detergent dries. Usually, special detergent and neutral tap water should be used to clean the vehicle, and alkaline washing powder, soapy water and detergent should not be used to prevent oil stains from washing off the paint surface and accelerate the aging of the paint surface.
4. Clean the vehicle with a clean and soft cloth or sponge to prevent metal chips and sand particles from mixing. Do not use dry cloth, dry towel or dry sponge to clean the vehicle, so as not to leave scratches. When wiping, you should wipe it gently from top to bottom along the direction of water flow, instead of drawing a circle, wipe it horizontally.
5. For some special strong corrosive traces (such as asphalt, bird droppings, insects, etc. ), it is necessary to remove it in time. In this regard, it must be cleaned with a special cleaner. Do not scrape with a blade or remove with gasoline to avoid damaging the paint surface.
Six points for attention in daily use of car paint surface:
1. Avoid wiping the paint directly with a rag or dry cloth. Wash the dust and dirt on the car surface with water first, and then wipe it clean with a clean absorbent cloth. Don't air dry after washing.
2. When parking, you should consider avoiding long-term sunlight, which will discolor the car paint, especially white and non-metallic paint.
3. Reduce the number of car washes and try not to wax and polish the vehicle.
4. Pay attention to remove corrosive things such as bird droppings in time to reduce their corrosion to the paint surface.
5. Pay attention to reduce to corrosive areas during driving, such as seaside, pavement sprinkled with snow melting agent, and newly paved asphalt road. Corrosive substances will obviously exist in these places, which will easily cause the paint to corrode and fall off.
6. After running at high speed in summer, vehicles, especially the front of vehicles, should be cleaned in time, because they will hit insects flying in the air during high-speed driving, and their body fluids also have a strong effect on clothes. If it is not cleaned in time, the paint surface of the vehicle will be corroded in a short time.