Grapes can be planted by cutting when the local soil temperature (15-20cm) is stable above 10℃. In North China, it is from late March to early April, but in mid-April in North China, cutting seedlings can be carried out in the open field.

During the period from cuttage to the generation of new roots, the soil must be prevented from drying. Water it for 10 days, and water it less for clayey soil. Too much watering, too wet soil, low ground temperature and poor ventilation will also affect the rooting of cuttings.

In order to make the branches fully mature, irrigation and fertilization should be stopped or reduced from late July to August, and at the same time, pest control should be strengthened, and the main shoots and auxiliary shoots should be cored to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings and promote the growth of strong seedlings. During the growth of seedlings, it is necessary to plough and weed in time, improve soil ventilation conditions and promote root growth.

Extended data:

Base fertilizer is the most important part of vineyard fertilization, which can be applied in autumn, from grape harvest to soil freezing. However, the production practice shows that the earlier the base fertilizer is applied in autumn, the better.

Base manure is usually applied together with decomposed organic manure (manure, compost, etc.). ) Apply the grapes immediately after harvest, and add some quick-acting fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

Base fertilizer has a good effect on restoring tree vigor, promoting root absorption and flower bud differentiation. There are two application methods of base fertilizer: whole garden withdrawal and furrow application, and most of the grapes planted in greenhouse are withdrawn.

2. What are the technical points of growing grapes?

1. The purpose of pruning grapes is to adjust the contradiction between growth and fruiting, and rationally arrange branches and vines on the shelf surface, so that management is convenient, the trees are robust, the life span is prolonged, and conditions are created for high yield in successive years.

1. Winter pruning. Generally, it is carried out about one month after defoliation in autumn to about 20 days before germination in the following year.

Pruning too early or too late will cause serious damage to trees. According to the strength of trees and the length of fruiting branches, the principles of grape pruning in winter are: strong vines stay long and weak vines stay short; Leave the upper part long and the lower part short.

Generally divided into three methods: long vine pruning, short vine pruning and middle vine pruning. At the same time, cut off dense branches, sparse branches and pests and diseases.

2. Plant management during growth. (1) Wipe the bud.

Erase too many unnecessary gentle tips as soon as possible. (2) prick the tip and remove the tendrils.

When the new shoots grow to 25~30 cm, they should be tied in time and the tendrils should be removed. (3) New tip coring and secondary tip processing.

The secondary branch under the ear can be removed from the base, and the secondary branch on the ear can be cored with 2 leaves, and the secondary branch at the top of the main branch can be left with a few leaves. One week before flowering, the fruit branches can leave 6-8 leaves above the ear for coring. (4) Pruning of inflorescence and ear.

It is suggested to leave a well-developed inflorescence on the fruiting branch. For varieties with scattered panicles, the secondary panicles should be cut off and the tips should be pinched before flowering; Varieties with high fruit setting rate should be sparse after flowering.

2. Fertilizer and water management: per 100 kg of berries, about 0.25-0.75 kg of nitrogen, 0.2-0.75 kg of phosphorus and 0. 13-0.63 kg of potassium are needed. Base fertilizer should be applied from the end of September to the beginning of 10 when the new shoots are full and mature.

Topdressing is usually topdressing with available nitrogen fertilizer more than ten days before flowering. At the beginning of July, topdressing potassium fertilizer was the main method.

Fertilization should be carried out in an annular ditch about 1 m away from the plant. The depth of base fertilizer is about 40 cm, and the topdressing should be shallow. Water is needed after fertilization.

Spraying 1-3% calcium superphosphate solution before flowering, young fruit stage and berry maturity; Spraying 0.05-0. 1% boric acid solution before flowering; Spraying potassium salt solution or 3% plant ash extract during fruit setting and fruit growth. Before the juice flows to blossom, we should pay attention to keep the soil moist and create good fertilizer and water conditions for flowering and fruit setting.

But it is not suitable for watering at flowering stage. After fruit setting and before coloring, a lot of water is needed, which can be watered every 7- 10 days according to the weather.

Fruit grains are generally not watered during the coloring period. After harvest, combine fertilization in autumn and water once permeable and once frozen in winter.

III. Main pests and diseases and their control 1. The main grape disease (1) grape black pox. Cut off diseased branches, leaves and fruits in time, and cut off diseased branches to burn or bury them in winter to reduce the source of disease; Spraying 5-degree stone sulfur mixture when buds swell before germination; During the growing period (once before and once after flowering), the Bordeaux mixture was sprayed at the ratio of 1 kg copper sulfate, 0.5 kg quicklime and 80- 100 kg water.

(2) Grape downy mildew. Spray 200 times of Bordeaux mixture for 2-3 times from July.

(3) Grape anthracnose. Cut off diseased branches in time to eliminate the source of the disease; After mid-June, spray 600-800 times of special sterilization liquid every half month.

(4) Grape powdery mildew. Strengthen management, cage surface ventilation and transparency; Pour out the cut diseased branches and leaves; Spraying 5-degree stone sulfur mixture before germination, and spraying 0.2-0.3-degree stone sulfur mixture once in mid-May.

(5) grape water tank disease. Adjust the seed setting amount by keeping branches, thinning ears or pinching ear tips properly; The occurrence of this disease can be reduced by strengthening fertilization, increasing tree nutrition and applying potassium fertilizer appropriately.

2. Main grape pests and their control. (1) Grape leafhopper.

Spraying 400 times pyridaben solution during the occurrence period. (2) Grape red spider.

Peel off the old skin from the branches in winter and burn it; Spray 3 degrees before germination, and spray 0.2-0.3 degrees sulfur mixture during growth period. (3) Crustaceans.

Spraying 50% dichlorvos 1000 times for control. (4) In June and July, the grapes were inspected for wearing moth twigs, and the damaged branches were cut off; For branches that are not suitable for pruning, the larvae in the branches can be stabbed to death with iron wire, or the larvae can be taken out by slotting along the branches with a sharp knife, or 500 times of dichlorvos EC can be directly injected into the insect mouth, and then sealed with wet mud.

Bordeaux mixture and stone sulfur mixture are commonly used drugs for grape pest control and cannot be mixed. After spraying the sulfur mixture, spray Bordeaux mixture every 15 days, and spray the sulfur mixture every 30 days. Fourth, the root system of grafted cuttings of some varieties is underdeveloped and their growth potential is weak. It is often necessary to change seedlings or graft seedlings in production.

1. Spring connection. From late May to late June, the new shoots were semi-lignified and split.

2. Autumn. Within one month after the grapes are harvested, the branches of the current year have been lignified, and block mosaic bud grafting can be carried out.

It depends on the local grape level at first. It is not easy to survive too early, the growth period is short after budding too late, the lignification degree of new shoots is low, and it is impossible to overwinter in winter.

Grafting method is adopted. The scion has a diameter of 0.8- 1 cm, a length of 5 cm and no petiole.

Cut 2.5-3 cm on both sides of the full bud. The cutting surface should be smooth, forming a wedge with symmetrical sides.

The thickness of the rootstock is slightly larger than that of the scion. Seedling grafting should be done at 10- 15 cm above the surface, and the grafting should be done at 5 cm at the base of the current branch.

After the rootstock is cut flat, a vertical seam with a length of 3 cm is longitudinally split from the middle of the cross section to the north and south, and the cut scion is quickly inserted, with the bud on the scion facing south and the cross section exposed by 0.3 cm, so as to facilitate the joint healing. Then, the roots are wrapped, tied and knotted with plastic straps from bottom to top.

Finally, wrap the scion tightly with plastic strips, only the buds are exposed. After 7- 10 days, the buds germinate, and when the new buds grow to 7-8 leaves, the tips should be picked in time.

There are 1-2 leaves growing in leaf axils, leaving only one secondary tip at the top to prolong the growth. When it grows to 5-6 leaves, continue to pick the core and treat the secondary branches to promote the maturity of the branches.

2. Autumn grafting Autumn grafting time is within one month after grape harvest. At this point, the branches of the year have been lignified, and the block mosaic bud grafting method can be used.

First, cut the scion from the top and bottom of the bud 1 cm with a sharp knife, and then cut the second half of the bud from the middle to make the scion petiole-free. Tie the grafting code to the rootstock with the same thickness, cross-cut the rootstock with a sharp knife near both ends of the grafting block, take down the grafting block, and cut a gap with the same size as the grafting block to the pith.

Then insert the joint into the gap of the rootstock from up to down. Finally, wrap it with plastic strips completely, and the buds are not exposed.

After the grape leaves fall, the wound heals. You can remove the dressing and cut off the rootstock 2 cm above the joint. All other useless branches on the rhizome are also thinned.

In the next spring, the buds on the rootstock should be erased in time to facilitate the grafting buds to produce branches.

3. How to plant grape seedlings

Grape seedling cultivation

Cultivation environment requirements

1, grapes are warm-loving plants. Early spring temperature 10? C began to germinate, and the higher the temperature, the faster the germination. Flowering period is 25-30? C is suitable, in case of low temperature (15? C) Rain and fog, drought and wind, and poor pollination and fertilization lead to a large number of flowers and fruits falling. July-September is the ripening period of berries. If the temperature is insufficient, the color of berries will be poor, the sugar will be reduced, and even they will not be fully mature. Whether the local temperature can satisfy the full maturity of grape fruit is usually based on the accumulated temperature. For example, the accumulated mature temperature of Shifeng (the sum of daily average temperature from flowering to maturity) is 2564? C, its flowering period to maturity is 102 days.

2. Grapes like light. Under the condition of sufficient light, the leaves are thick and dark green, with strong photosynthesis, vigorous plant growth, many buds, high sugar content, sweet berries and high yield.

3, the humidity is not easy to be too large. There is much rain before flowering, and the new shoots grow too vigorously, which consumes plant storage nutrients; Rainy flowering period and poor fertilization lead to falling flowers; The fruit from hypertrophy stage to maturity stage is rainy, lack of illumination, low sugar content, color difference, poor quality and easy to crack. High temperature, rain and humidity are also the main reasons for the increase of grape diseases.

Grape cultivation techniques

1, transplanting after seedling. Cutting, layering and grafting are common methods for grape seedling. Among them, the cutting method is the simplest and most commonly used. Some new methods of grape seedling raising in recent years are introduced as follows.

① Small plastic bag cutting and plastic film covering in sunny seedbed. Spring soil temperature 10~ 15? C when cutting, chicken manure, sawdust, river sand and garden soil are mixed and put into small plastic bags with holes at the bottom, so that the height of the culture soil is about 15cm. Then soak the grape branches with three buds in clear water for one night, insert them into the culture soil gently, and leave a bud outside the plastic bag at the upper end. Plastic bags are buried in the ground, and when the world is filled with water, they are covered with film until they become seedlings. Compared with open-air cutting, this method has the following advantages: early seedling formation, nearly one month earlier than open-air cutting; The survival rate is high, reaching more than 95%, while the open-air cutting is generally only about 80%, which saves the labor of watering; Covers less land.

② Green branch cutting. In June, 2-3 semi-lignified branches were cut from the new shoots or secondary branches of that year for green branch cutting. Cutting and management are the same as hardwood cutting, except that 1 green leaves are left at the top of the cutting (half of the leaves can be cut off), and 1 petiole is left at other nodes.

2. Transplant the potted plants after grafting. Selecting cuttings of grape varieties with strong adaptability, cutting in flowerpots from March to April, using them as rootstocks after sprouting into seedlings, and grafting scions of excellent varieties in flowerpots in June. After the grafting survives, the new shoot of 1-2 is used as the main vine for cultivation, and when it grows to half a foot high, it is capped. In mid-August, we planted grapes in pots.

3. The grapes are directly inserted in the garden. Grape direct orchard building is a new method of planting grape cuttings directly in the field. In recent years, the practice of transplanting 1000 mu with strips instead of seedlings in Tuanhe Farm in Beijing has proved that this technology is a new way to realize strong seedlings in one year, fruit bearing in two years, high yield in three years and solve the shortage of grape seedlings.

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Harvest and storage

Fresh grapes must be harvested in time to ensure quality. Early harvest, low sugar content, high acidity, color difference, light aroma and poor flavor, but fully mature fruits, if delayed, are in danger of cracking and threshing, which will affect the recovery of tree potential. The best time to harvest grapes is after the dew dries in the morning and after sunset in the afternoon. At this time, the temperature in the juice is reduced, which is not only fragrant, but also resistant to storage.

References:

Grape cultivation techniques-Baidu Encyclopedia

4. How to grow and manage grapes

1. Seedling raising and planting:

Cutting propagation is commonly used to cut off annual branches with vigorous growth and full bud eyes. Cuttings with single or double buds are about 5- 15cm long, and are planted in the seedbed with the spacing of 15cm*50cm in February.

However, rootstocks with strong adaptability and resistance should be selected in hot areas, and grafted seedlings suitable for local climate conditions should be cultivated through grafting propagation.

In the selection of rootstocks, American Riverside grapes are heat-resistant and moisture-resistant; Vitis amurensis from East Asia is highly resistant to fungal diseases. Hot areas can be planted in winter or in Kechun. The row spacing of grid frame is 3m * 1.5-2m, 1500-2000 plants/hm ㎡; Or close planting with the width of 4m * 0.5- 1m, with 2250-4500 plants /hm ㎡.

2. Fertilizer and water management:

Grapes need a lot of nutrients, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increase accordingly after entering the fruiting stage. Except organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium need 80- 150kg per hectare, which should be adjusted according to varieties, yield, tree potential and soil fertility.

Apply base fertilizer after winter, and apply 30,000 kg of chicken and duck manure, 3,750 kg of cake fertilizer and 3,750 kg of calcium superphosphate per hectare. Topdressing before shading buds and flowering expansion, and spraying Zhuangguodiling in time. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in the early stage to promote the growth of branches and flowers, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied in the fruit expansion stage to improve the quality.

Topdressing outside the roots, spraying 0. 3% urinary tract and 0. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can promote fruit expansion and ripening. In order to produce high-quality grapes, irrigation facilities are needed in the garden to avoid drastic changes in soil dryness and wetness. Generally, there is a lot of water demand in germination stage and young fruit growth stage, so irrigation should be done in time in case of drought.

5. The basic process of grape planting

First, winter pruning

After the end of the growing season every year, before the arrival of winter, most of the branches on the trunk of the vine should be cut off, that is, the branches and leaves grown in the last growing season should be removed, leaving only a few branches and buds for immediate growth in the next growing season. Pruning branches and buds in winter is an important method for grape farmers to control secondary yield and grape quality.

Second, grafting.

Farmers can use grafting technology to graft better quality grape branches onto the pruned branches of existing vines. After a year of growth, the quality of grapes produced by the original vine can be improved and grafted grape varieties can be produced. Using this technology, farmers can graft grapes with good quality but not resistant to staphylococcosis to the roots of resistant varieties and plant vines with good flavor and quality.

Third, newspaper clippings

When winter passes and the earth warms up, you can start planting new vines without worrying about freezing injury. At present, cuttings are used in new planting to ensure that the quality of grapes obtained is consistent with that of grapes originally planted.

Fourth, fertilization.

Now, due to the strengthening of environmental awareness, most farmers no longer use chemical fertilizers as much as possible, but use some organic fertilizers instead, such as regularly preparing land for some so-called green manure plants, burying these plants in the soil to become fertilizers, and backfilling wine vats and grape buds after brewing into vineyards, so that the land can grow endlessly.

Step 5 Trim stems and leaves

The action of pruning stems and leaves should be carried out continuously in the growing season of vines, otherwise the leaves that are too dense will have shading effect, which will make the grapes grow unevenly, and at the same time, the humidity of leaves without sunlight is easy to be too high, leading to pests and diseases. Therefore, frequent movement of stems and leaves can make grapes ripen evenly and healthily.

VI. Prevention of animal predation and pest control

Although the occurrence of pests and diseases can be avoided by combining good field hygiene, it is also necessary to spray pesticides moderately in some areas with high incidence of pests and diseases. For Yiyuan Garden, it has continued the unique planting tradition of the French, planting roses in the field. In this way, if hidden dangers of pests and diseases are found in grape planting, roses can be perceived first, so there are a lot of beautiful roses in the vineyard of Yiyuan, which is not only a beautiful scenery, but also a firewall to prevent pests and diseases. In addition, when the grapes are ripe, various animals may come for food, and measures should be taken to drive them away.

Seven. irrigate

For areas with high evaporation rate in the surrounding environment, regular water spraying or drip irrigation system can save water consumption and labor cost.

Eight, summer pruning

In order to avoid excessive yield and affect the quality of grapes, pruning branches and buds should be adopted in summer to remove redundant branches and leaves.

Nine, harvesting

When the glucose reaches the expected level, you can pick grapes. In the process of picking grapes, most of them are still picked manually or mechanically, but the quality is not as good as that of manual picking.

When the grapes are ripe, the winemaker must decide when is the best time to harvest them. In most places, it is usually necessary to wait until the average sugar content of grapes in the vineyard reaches more than 22%, preferably about 24%, and the acid content must meet the standard before harvesting; Another method is to collect some grapes to make wine when the grapes are immature and the acidity is Shang Gao, and then mix the wines brewed after other grapes are ripe, so winemakers should harvest them quickly when the acid content and sugar content of grapes are appropriate.

Ten, prepare for the winter

Whenever the grapes are harvested, the staff of the vineyard will start to prepare for the winter, and a new round of winter pruning will begin. In cold places, in order to protect the roots of vines, it is necessary to cover the roots of vines with straw and then cover them with soil. When this vineyard faces very cold weather, as long as the roots don't freeze to death, there will be a good harvest next year.

6. How to plant grape seedlings

① Cutting selection: Grape has strong growth potential and good flower bud differentiation. Branches with erect leaves, dark green leaves and high photosynthetic efficiency can be propagated by cutting or grafting. The lower end (buried end) of cuttings should be dipped in 800 times of new high-fat film, which can prevent wound rot and virus infection, restore plant physiological vitality and promote plant growth.

② Miao Di layout: Young tree management frame adopts "T-shaped frame with high, wide and vertical", which is also suitable for shed planting. Before planting, dig ditches and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Arrange row spacing and planting, after planting, pour root water thoroughly and cover it with plastic film.

(3) seedling management: firstly, bud smearing and bud fixing; After germination, double buds, multi-head buds and over-weak buds are erased. After the new shoots are formed, iron wires are tied on both sides, the new shoots are fixed at the interval of 15~20cm and sprayed in time, which can effectively control the excessive growth of new shoots, promote more flower branches and promote flower bud differentiation. It can effectively balance the size of the ear and save the trouble of thinning flowers and fruits. According to the growth stage, timely topdressing, that is, flower and fruit fertilizer, fruit swelling fertilizer, coloring fertilizer and post-harvest growth promoting fertilizer. Special attention should be paid to the reasonable collocation of NPK and other fertilizers to ensure the balanced supply of nutrients.

④ Strong flower and strong fruit: Spraying Zhuangguodiling in time before budding, once every 15-20 days and three times continuously, can effectively increase the stem of fruit (flower), increase nutrient transport, improve fertilization quality, strengthen flower and fruit, and prevent fruit drop, stiff fruit and abnormal fruit. Spray 800 times new high-fat film during fruit expansion.

⑤ Pest control: According to the occurrence of pests and diseases in each growth and development stage of grapes, timely control and early prevention are required. According to the requirements of plant protection, spray targeted chemicals and new high-fat film regularly to prevent and control pests and diseases in time. Before the grapes are taken off the shelf, spray 500 times of general soothing liquid to disinfect the whole garden. After being taken off the shelf, the whole garden tree should be trimmed and pruned, and the diseased branches should be cleaned up. The trimming mouth should be coated with calluses antiseptic film to avoid the invasion of germs, and the whole garden tree should be brushed with tree protector to effectively sterilize, prevent freezing and keep warm, so as to ensure safe wintering.

7. How to plant vines

1, the most suitable planting environment for grapevines: too little sunshine will be sour, too much will be too sweet.

When grapes germinate in spring, they like the temperature of 7- 12℃, so there can be no frost and hail. When the grape branches grow, the temperature should be between 20-25℃, neither too hot nor too cold, and it should be sunny. In autumn, grapes begin to ripen, and the ideal temperature is 20-25℃, which is cool and pleasant. The growth period of vines depends on planting techniques, as well as the use of fertilizers and fruit yield.

It also includes measures such as tree species, natural environment and protection. Grapes begin to grow after three years of planting, and then germinate, blossom and bear fruit every year.

2. Grape planting management technology: (1) Fertilization mainly includes base fertilizer and topdressing, which can not only protect or compensate the nutrients needed for grape growth, but also control pests and diseases. Fertilizers mainly include phosphorus, potassium, boron, urea and other fertilizers, and organic fertilizers such as river mud can also be used.

(It is suggested to use Anokem Meschwald controlled-release BB fertilizer as base fertilizer, 0.3- 1kg/ plant, 0.5-2kg/ plant, and use Mercer water-soluble fertilizer as topdressing in the later stage. (2) Similar pests only occur for one generation (June-August) in the north, and may only occur for two generations in the south.

The main pest species are moth larvae, with green body and yellow antennae, commonly known as bean worms or bean Dan; Grape longicorn larva with purple, gray or dark green stripes. (3) Pruning started in 1 1 month, and the grape leaves began to turn yellow and fall off.

In winter, grape growers in cold areas must cover their roots with soil to prevent the vines from freezing to death. In order to slow down the aging of grapevines and control the grape yield, it is necessary to prune them from winter to March every year, and lignified grapevines must be pruned into the required shape according to different pruning systems.

Vines that die in the middle of the year must also be replanted in winter. Pruning method: The most important job of pruning is winter pruning.

Because the vines can't be harvested until at least the third year after planting, the pruning work in previous years mainly focused on cutting out the shape of the pruning system, and the pruning of grape production began after the third year. Because of the complexity of pruning, it can only be done manually.

There are hundreds of bracts in the vines before pruning every year, which can be pruned according to the pruning system and the number of bracts retained by each vine to control the yield. Because if some bracts are not removed, not only the quality of the grapes produced is not good, but also the aging speed of the vines will be accelerated.

The essence of grape planting is to balance the growth of grape branches and leaves and the growth of grape fruits. On the one hand, there should be enough leaves for photosynthesis to make nutrients, on the other hand, the leaves should not be too lush to consume the nutrients needed for grape growth. Pruning and pruning vines is an important way to maintain this balance.

In order to match different grape varieties and natural environment, the pruning system has developed many different styles to meet the needs. Each pruning system has its own unique pruning method, branch and vine binding method and various suitable planting techniques.

(4) Grafting grapes has two main functions: on the one hand, it has strong growth potential in summer, well differentiated flower buds, and full shoots can also bear flower heads. The leaves are upright, the color is dark green, the photosynthetic efficiency is high, the cultivation management is easy, and the cultivation effect is good.

It can be propagated by cutting or grafting. On the other hand, new varieties can be cultivated.

Potted grapes cultivated on balcony: 1. Flower pots can be used as containers for potted grapes, such as pottery pots, wooden pots, plastic flower pots and other containers with good air permeability. Generally, a container with a diameter of 1.0 ft ~ 1.2 ft is selected, and after 1~2 years, a larger basin is replaced. 2: The soil requires porous, fertile loam rich in organic matter and calcium.

We can use nutrient soil mixed with decomposed horse, cow dung 1/3 and 2/3 of pastoral soil, fill it in a basin, pour it thoroughly, and plant it after the surface is dry and loose. If there is no cow or horse manure, we can use humus soil, garden soil, coarse sand, bone meal, coarse sand (or residue) and puffed chicken manure, then seal it with plastic film, fumigate it for one day and one night, remove the film, dry it for 3-4 days, and put it into the pot for use. Soil is very important, so loosen it regularly.

But be careful not to hurt your roots. If you see the soil in the basin as hard as stone, you should dig out the vines and plant them again.

Or replace it with loose, breathable and nutritious humus soil. Add enough decomposed fertilizer as base fertilizer.

Pot soil should be raked frequently to enhance water permeability, water retention and air permeability. Third, the principle of fertilization for potted grapes is to apply less.

Potted grapes can be temporarily not fertilized at seedling stage and early planting stage. After the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, apply 1 time diluted liquid fertilizer every 6-8 days. After flowering and fruiting, the amount of nutrients needed increases, and the number of fertilization can be appropriately increased.

Pay attention to watering immediately after applying liquid fertilizer every time. 4. Water potted grapes before and after germination, every 2-3 days 1 time, preferably before 10 in the morning and after 4 pm; When watering, the water temperature should be close to the temperature of the basin soil. In summer, the temperature is relatively high and the evaporation is relatively large. Water it once in the morning and once in the evening. After the temperature gradually decreases in autumn, the watering frequency gradually decreases, so it is appropriate to wet the basin soil. During the dormant period of deciduous leaves in winter, keep the basin soil dry and wet, and sprinkle some waterway leaves when watering.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Pest control If there is any disease, the grapes can be sprayed with 3-5 Baume sulfide mixture during dormancy, and then sprayed every 1 0-1 times1times 1: 0.5:200 after germination. If abnormal phenomena such as brown spots and white powder are found on leaves, branches or fruit ears, they should be cut off immediately to prevent spreading and sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. Potted grapes rarely get sick in an environment with sufficient light and good ventilation.

Sixth, the lighting vines are very sensitive to light. The vines like light and must be placed in a place with sufficient light; Seven, shelves Some people will put some shelves on the balcony to facilitate the climbing of grapes. Remember not to use iron or a shelf with fast heat transfer. It is better to use wood.