Myrica rubra is the most distinctive subtropical eco-economic tree species with wide adaptability. It can grow in most parts of the south and show good characters, especially in slightly acidic and acidic soils. \x0d\ 1。 Jianyuan \x0d\ Yangmeixi enjoys wet and shade tolerance, with large crown and widely distributed roots. Yang Meiyuan is required to be built in the mountainous, hilly and light conditions of acidic yellow soil with an altitude of less than 800 meters, a slope of less than 45 degrees, a thick humus layer and a pH value of 4.5-5.5, which is convenient for intensive management and transportation. The climatic conditions are subtropical humid monsoon climate. Under the microclimate conditions of large sunlight, sufficient heat, high accumulated temperature in winter and spring and moderate precipitation distribution in summer and autumn, high quality and high yield are more obvious. \x0d\ II。 Plant \x0d\ 1. Planting time: spring planting and autumn planting. Spring planting is from February to early April, and autumn planting is from September to 165438+ 10. Generally, planting in spring is better. Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian can also be planted from June 10 to late March of the following year. \x0d\ 2。 Planting density: 4 m× 4 m or 4 m× 5 m row spacing is appropriate, and 33 ~42 plants are planted per mu. The ratio of male to female plants is 100: 1. If there is wild Myrica rubra in the local area, it is not suitable for male plants. \x0d\\x0d\ 3。 Application of base fertilizer: planting holes, 80×80×60cm 3, applying about 50 kg of compost or 25-30 kg of manure or 3-4 kg of cake fertilizer to each hole, adding calcium superphosphate 1 kg, and covering fertile topsoil 15-20cm. \x0d\\x0d\ 4。 Planting: when planting, put the seedlings in the center of the hole, stretch the roots and straighten the seedlings, then add fine soil and tamp them with feet or hoes. Pour enough water, cover the top with subsoil, 20-30 cm above the ground, and cover the joints under the ground. After the seedlings are planted, loosen the soil, water and cover the trees in time in the high temperature season from July to August to reduce water evaporation. \x0d\\x0d\ III。 Crown management \x0d\\x0d\ 1, plastic \x0d\\x0d\ (1) naturally rejoices: in the first year after planting, the bud is mainly smeared, and the first main branch is selected about 20cm from the ground. In the second year, the immature autumn shoots are cut off from the extended branches of the main branches, all the side branches on the main branches are cut short, and the first auxiliary main branch is selected to stay at a position 60 -70cm away from the main branches; In the third year, the second main branch is selected on the main branch, and the distance between the first and second main branches is 60cm；; In the fourth year, continue to extend the main branch and the secondary branch, and select the third secondary branch about 40cm away from the second secondary branch. When cultivating the main branch and auxiliary branch, we should select and keep the large side branch in time, and complete the plastic surgery in about 5 years. \x0d\\x0d\ (2) Natural round head shape: After the seedlings are planted, cut the branches at a place about 30 -40cm from the ground, and then remove the remaining branches as soon as possible except for 3-4 strong branches on the trunk. The other branches are about 20 cm apart and do not overlap each other. Leave the first auxiliary branch on the main branch 60 -70cm away from the main branch, and then leave the second auxiliary branch 60cm below the other side. Control the excessive growth of strong branches except the main branches and auxiliary branches, slow down the growth of trees, and complete the shaping after 5-6 years. \x0d\\x0d\ 2。 Pruning \x0d\\x0d\ (1) Pruning period \x0d\ Growth pruning: from mid-April to mid-September. Dormancy pruning: from late June of 10 to mid-June of 165438 to mid-October of \ x0d \ month to late March. \x0d\ (2) Pruning technology \x0d\\x0d\ ① Germination removal: after sprouting in spring and before the growth stops in autumn, the useless new buds on the tree body are removed in time, including the cluster branches at the base of the trunk, the main branches, the auxiliary branches and the redundant branches on the back of the large auxiliary branches. \x0d\\x0d\ ② coring: after the new shoots began to grow in spring, the tissues were not lignified. On the one hand, it is to improve the fruit setting rate and reduce fruit drop; On the other hand, it promotes the long branches of the exposed part of the crown to grow secondary branches, and then evolves into fruiting mother branches. \ x0d \ x0d \ ③ Branching: Generally, the branches are tied with rope or lead wire in the middle of the main branches, and the branches are pulled horizontally according to the angle required by the branches, and the tied parts must be covered with rubber or other soft and tough materials to prevent the bark from being scratched and infected with cancer. Support the angle between the main branch and the trunk with strong short wooden strips. The purpose of the two methods is to promote the opening of Myrica rubra crown, improve illumination, achieve uniform results and avoid plane results. \x0d\\x0d\ ④ girdling, girdling and root cutting: girdling adopts spiral girdling, reaching the xylem. The girdling width is controlled at about 1/8 of the trunk diameter. The width of inverted bark should be controlled at about 1/4 of the trunk diameter. For flourishing trees with vigorous growth, low fruit setting rate and low yield, methods such as girdling, girdling, back-buckling and root cutting can be adopted. \x0d\\x0d\ IV。 Soil management \ x0d \ x0d \1. Soil tillage: It should be carried out in autumn, winter or spring to reduce surface soil erosion and protect roots. Generally, soil is taken from in-situ soil, and the most commonly used are mountain topsoil and peat mud. \x0d\\x0d\ 2。 Intertillage weeding and grass covering: Young trees have little growth and are easily covered by weeds and miscellaneous trees on the mountain, resulting in slow growth and even death. It is required to continuously remove weeds within the range of young tree diameter 1 m, and cover the ground with grass. \x0d\\x0d\ 3。 Expanding holes and improving soil: suitable for autumn and winter, the whole park can be carried out once. When the labor force is insufficient, holes can be expanded year by year around the trunk. \x0d\ x0d \ 5。 Fertilization \ x0d \ x0d \ 1, fertilization period and amount: According to the age, growth potential and soil quality of Myrica rubra, scientific \ x0d \ formula fertilization is adopted. \x0d\\x0d\ 2。 Young trees should focus on "promoting" and pay attention to the application of quick-acting fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be about 1: 0.8: 0.8, so as to promote shoot growth and crown expansion as soon as possible, and apply fertilizer 2-3 times a year. \x0d\\x0d\ 3。 The main purpose of the tree is to promote fruit and improve quality, and the suitable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.3: 4. \x0d\\x0d\ 4。 Base fertilizer: decomposed manure, compost and cake fertilizer are mainly used in June 5438+ 10 every year. Each adult tree needs 3kg cake fertilizer and decomposed manure10 kg on sandy soil; Alluvial soil and red loam soil were applied with cake fertilizer 3 kg/plant and decomposed fertilizer 15 kg. \x0d\\x0d\ 5。 Strong fruit fertilizer: it is applied before the summer shoots germinate in May every year, mainly with available nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Adult trees in sandy soil need 5-7 kg of plant ash (or 1 kg of urea) and 3 kg of potassium sulfate per plant; Alluvial soil and red loam were added with 1kg potassium sulfate. \x0d\\x0d\ 6。 Topdressing: For adult trees that bear fruit in the next year, it can be applied less in the next year and must be applied in the new year. From the end of June to the beginning of July every year, compound fertilizer is given priority to, and the dosage of phosphate fertilizer is strictly controlled. Generally, the dosage per plant should not exceed 0.3kg every two years. Adult trees need to apply compound fertilizer 1kg or plant ash 10kg and vegetable cake 1.5kg, and pay attention to the application of trace elements such as boron, zinc and manganese. \x0d\\x0d\ 7。 Fertilization method: young trees adopt the method of expanding holes and deep application year by year. Adult trees should be laid on the surface, applied in strips and covered with soil, avoiding opening big holes or annular ditches for fertilization. \x0d\\x0d\ VI。 \x0d\\x0d\ When using chemicals to control the amount of flowers and fruits of Myrica rubra, we should strictly follow the dosage requirements and master the principle of adapting trees to the ground. \x0d\\x0d\ 1。 For weak trees and trees with too many flower buds, gibberellin (200-300)mg/L should be sprayed every 10 day after fruit harvesting, three times in a row, so as to increase the number of autumn shoots and reduce the number of flower buds. \x0d\\x0d\ 2。 For flourishing trees and trees with few fruits, (330-670)mg/L paclobutrazol can be sprayed when the branch length reaches 65438±0.0cm in summer and autumn, which can inhibit the growth of summer and autumn branches and promote the formation of flower buds. \x0d\\x0d\ VII。 Timely harvesting in batches \ x0d \ x0d \ Myrica rubra fruits need to be harvested in batches because of their different maturity. 20% fruits of the whole tree can be picked when they are ripe, usually every day or every other day 1 time. Harvesting should be done in the morning or evening, avoiding harvesting in rainy days or after rain in Chu Qing. Myrica rubra fruit is easy to be scratched without peel protection, so it should be picked lightly and transported lightly. The picked fruits are placed in small bamboo baskets or baskets lined with fresh ferns or firewood at the bottom and around, and packed when picking to reduce extrusion. Each basket (radish) should not exceed 5 kg, which is beneficial to the integrity, freshness and marketability of the fruit. \ x0d \ x0d \ VIII。 Integrated pest control \ x0d \ x0d \ 1. Control requirements: protect the normal growth of Myrica rubra, enhance stress resistance, promote ecological balance, use pesticides scientifically, improve control effect, control environmental pollution and save costs. \ x0d \ x0d \ 2。 Control principle: According to the general policy of "prevention first, comprehensive management", based on agricultural control, according to the occurrence law of pests and diseases, chemical control, biological control, physical and mechanical control and other measures are reasonably used to control pests and diseases economically, safely and effectively. \x0d\ 3。 Prevention and control measures: strictly implement the plant quarantine system stipulated by the state to prevent the spread of quarantine pests and diseases. \x0d\\x0d\ (1) combine pruning, cut off branches and dead branches, remove fallen leaves, and burn them after spring to reduce the source of pests and diseases; Strengthen cultivation management, enhance and improve the resilience of trees, and create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases. \x0d\\x0d\ (2) Protect and utilize natural enemies, play the role of biological control, eliminate harmful organisms with beneficial organisms, expand the application scope of insect control and bacteria control, and maintain the ecological balance of nature. \x0d\\x0d\ (3) Strengthen the forecast of pests and diseases, and timely and accurately control them. \x0d\\x0d\ (4) Chemical control: reduce the application of chemical pesticides, control environmental pollution, and advocate low-volume spraying. Choose high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue, and low-lethality to natural enemies, and reasonably use different pesticides alternately to improve the lethality to pests, reduce pest resistance, pay attention to application quality and reduce application times. It is forbidden to use pesticides with long residual toxicity, such as 1605,1kloc-0/05, bhc, DDT, etc. \x0d\\x0d\ 4。 Main pest control methods: \ \x0d\\x0d\ ① Cancer: before the new shoots are pulled out, cut off the diseased branches and burn them; Apply 50-100 times of "402" antibacterial agent or 20% leaf wettable powder and 100 times of copper sulfate to the wound, and then apply 1 time after half a month. \x0d\\x0d\ ② Brown spot disease: In spring, the dead branches and fallen leaves are cut off, and 5-7 stone sulfur mixture is sprayed on the crown to reduce the infection source of diseases and pests; At the initial stage of the disease, the canopy was sprayed with 800-1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 700 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 600 times of 65% mancozeb, and then sprayed with 1 times every 7 days for 2 -3 times continuously. \x0d\\x0d\ ③ Scale insects: improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the garden, delete over-dense branches and overlapping branches, cut off weak branches, insect pests and dead branches, and reduce the population base of overwintering insects; Protect and utilize natural enemies such as ladybugs, harmonia axyridis, Chrysopa sinica, and jumping wasps. So as to achieve the effect of biological pest control; 65438+ 10 August-June, at the beginning of incubation, spraying 40% methidathion on the crown for control.