In front of the car is a perennial herb of the car. Location: Jiangxi, Henan, Northeast, North, Southwest and East China provinces. Most of them are wild and a few are cultivated artificially. Use seeds and whole grass as medicine. Plantaginis seed contains psyllic acid, succinic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, adenine, choline, etc. In addition, there are plantain gum and a small amount of vitamin A. Plantago asiatica contains aucubin, linalool, carvacrol, plantagin, ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, palmitic acid, β-sitosterol, vitamin B 1, vitamin C, etc. Clinically, as a tonic, it has a good effect on treating hypertension. The seeds are sweet and cold; Has the effects of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, eliminating dampness and treating stranguria, improving eyesight and resolving phlegm; It can be used for treating edema, stranguria, summer diarrhea, red eyes, swelling and pain, and phlegm-heat cough. The whole herb has the functions of clearing away heat, promoting diuresis, relieving pain and detoxifying; Can be used for treating edema, oliguria, heat stranguria, summer diarrhea, phlegm-heat cough, hematemesis, epistaxis, pain, swelling and pain, and sores.

I. Morphological characteristics

Plant height 15-30cm. The roots are short and thick, and there are many fibrous roots. Leaves densely clustered, spreading or erect; The petiole is almost as long as the leaf, and the base is enlarged; The leaf blade is ovoid or broadly ovoid, 4-12cm long and 4-9cm wide, with slightly wavy edges, or with blunt teeth to shallow cracks, 5-7 arc veins, and no hair or short hair on both sides. Axillary spikes with pale green flowers, each with 1 persistent bracts, triangular; Calyx 4, slightly connate at base, ovoid or ovoid, persistent; Corolla tube ovoid, apex 4-lobed, lobes triangular, rolled outward; Stamens 4; Pistil 1, ovary superior. Capsule ovoid-conical, dehiscent near the middle. The seeds are small, nearly oval, with 4-9 seeds and dark brown (figure 15- 1 1).

Fig. 15 —— 1 1 Topographic map of vehicle front.

1 .2 for the whole plant. Flower enlargement 3. The capsule cracked.

Second, biological characteristics.

Plantago often grows in humid environment, and there are wild fields in mountains, hills, plains, fields, corners, in front of and behind houses, and fertile sand mixed with sand grows better. In Nanchuan, Sichuan, the altitude is 500- 1600 m, the temperature is-13-39℃, the annual rainfall is1100-/500 mm, and the relative humidity is 70-90%. When the monthly average temperature rises to 65438 02℃ in spring, seedlings begin to emerge. With the increase of temperature, the stems and leaves gradually proliferate. When the temperature is 20-27℃ in summer, leaves and spikes proliferate one after another, and plants grow rapidly. Seeds ripen from summer to autumn. When the average temperature drops to about 65438 05℃, the growth is slow, the new ear is short, and most seeds are immature. From late autumn to early winter, the temperature dropped to about 6- 10℃, and the seedlings dropped. Perennial roots overwinter.

Third, cultivation techniques.

(1) type

In addition to this species, there are: Populus deltoides. , small plant, 20cm high, cylindrical straight root, panicum miliaceum; Buxus macrophylla is 70 cm tall, with large leaves, long spikes and small seeds, but high yield. Both of them are medicinal.

(2) Land selection and land preparation

Choose moist and fertile land, plow and rake it flat, and make a high ridge with a width of1.3m..

(3) Breeding methods

Adopt seed direct seeding or seedling transplanting.

1. Live broadcast

Sowing in April in spring or September in autumn in the north, ditching and drilling according to the row spacing of 17-33 cm, evenly sowing the seeds in the ditch, covering the seeds with fine soil to make them invisible, and watering after sowing. Sowing in Sichuan in March-April or early September -65438+ 10. The hole spacing is 27cm, and the hole bottom is flat. The seeds are fully mixed with fire ash, human and animal feces and urine, and then sown, and then covered with a layer of fine soil so that the ash of the seeds is not exposed on the soil surface. Under suitable temperature conditions, it germinated 10- 15 days after sowing. 0.25-0.3kg seeds per mu.

2. Seedling raising and transplanting

65438+ 10 From September to early June, after spraying human and animal manure water on the prepared border, mix 0.5 kg of seeds with plant ash and human and animal manure water per mu, evenly spread the border, and finally cover the border with plant ash or fine soil to make it disappear. Remove impurities from trees and grass at seedling stage, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and chemical fertilizer for 2-3 times, and transplanting from late February to next March, which is too late, short growth period and low yield. When transplanting, dig holes in the whole border with a distance of 27cm and a depth of 7cm, plant 3-4 seedlings in each hole, and spray root water after planting to make them survive quickly. Seedling 1 mu can be planted about 13 mu.

(4) Site management

1. Uniform seedlings and fixed seedlings

When the height of the seedlings is about 3cm, the weak seedlings with dense growth are evenly removed. When drilling, reserve 12cm plant spacing 1 seedling; Scatter 4-5 seedlings in each hole.

2. intertillage weeding

2-3 times of intertillage weeding during the growth period. The first time was carried out when the seedling height was 4-5 cm; The second time is at the early heading stage of the first batch of flowers; The third time was after the first seed harvest.

fertilize the soil or land

Plantago likes fertilizer, and rational fertilization is the key to increase production. Such as adequate fertilizer, fast growth, more leaves, more spikes and longer spikes, and high yield. Topdressing in time after each intertillage weeding, applying light human and animal fertilizer 1500 kg or urea 5-7 kg for the first time per mu; For the second and third time, apply human and animal manure 1000- 1500 kg, fire ash 400-500 kg, 30 kg; Adding calcium superphosphate 100% per mu; When topdressing for the third time, the dead leaves should be removed first to clean the field and reduce the source of the disease.

(5) Pests and diseases and their control

1. Powdery mildew

(DC erysipelas. )

It happened in early summer, which made it unable to grow and develop normally. Before or at the beginning of the disease, the microbial preparation B0- 10300 times or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times or 25% triadimefon 700- 1000 times can be sprayed for prevention and control. Pay attention to clearing the garden and dealing with the sick and disabled after harvest.

2. Leaf spot disease

(Plantago Ascomycetes))

It occurs in summer and autumn in northeast China. Pay attention to clearing the garden; Prevention and treatment with carbendazim during the occurrence period.

3. Asian aphids

Plant aphid

Damage to leaves and ears. Prevention and control. See red flowers.

Other diseases include rust (plantain diet. ) and (Fuccinia miscanthi, Mihura), downy mildew (Pcronospora alia Fuck. ) and so on.

Fourth, harvesting and processing.

Seeds.

The mature panicles that grow neatly and healthily without pests and diseases are selected at the production site, dried in the shade, pounded and threshed, cleaned of impurities, and dried in the sun. After seed collection, the dead leaves are removed in winter, and the seeds are left in the field for the winter after intertillage fertilization, and field management such as intertillage weeding and fertilization can be carried out in the following year.

(2) Harvest

In July and August, the whole plantain was dug, and the dead leaves and ear stems were removed, and the sediment was washed and dried in the sun. The dry matter rate was about 65438 09%, and the hay yield per mu was 200-250 kg. ; 65438+ 10 June-June, the plantain seeds were cut in batches, dried in the sun, pounded and threshed, the ear stalks were removed, and impurities were removed. 40-50 kilograms of dry seeds per mu.