Rose grape is a high-yield and high-quality variety. Generally, the yield of 667 m2 grapes can reach about 2000 ~ 2250kg. The yield of 667 m2 grapes planted in greenhouse should be controlled at 1500 ~ 1750kg (the higher the yield, the later the ripening). The benefit of greenhouse grapes is determined by three factors: market price, product quality and yield per mu, all of which are indispensable. The characteristics, planting patterns and planting techniques of planting varieties are introduced as follows.
varietal characteristic
Rose fragrance is a mid-late maturing Eurasian variety. This variety requires high water, fertilizer and management techniques. With sufficient water and fertilizer conditions and proper management techniques, the yield is high and the quality is excellent. On the contrary, it is easy to produce phenomena such as falling flowers and fruits, large and small grains, and scattered ears; Easy to suffer from "water tank" disease, gray mold, downy mildew and so on. Disease resistance is weak, planting needs careful management and mature technology.
One: To protect grape cultivation, there are three planting modes:
1, single row scaffolding mode: plant a row from east to west in the shed, with a distance of 0.6~0.8 m from the front foot of the shed and a spacing of 50 cm. The number of 667 m2 plants is about 200. This model has low yield in the early stage and can interplant vegetables.
2. Double-row trellis mode: two rows are planted from east to west in the middle of the trellis, with a small row spacing of 80 cm and a plant spacing of 50 cm, and the number of 667 m2 plants is about 400. This model is beneficial to increase early yield.
3. Multi-row scaffolding mode: the number of rows of scaffolding planting is determined according to the span of greenhouse. The spacing of the first row in front of the shed is 1 m, and the height of the trunk is about1.2m; The distance between the first row and the second row is 2 m, and the trunk height is 2 m; The distance between the second row and the third row is 2 m, and the height of the trunk is 2.8 m; The last row spacing 1 m, 667 m2, with more than 600 plants. This model adopts horizontal pruning of trunk to set fruit, which not only has high early yield, but also reduces the load per plant, which is beneficial to early maturity and has high economic benefits. At present, the model is being tested.
Two: planting techniques
1, colonial management
Planting new seedlings: buy grafted seedlings with green branches and plant them in the shed from late April to early May. Before planting, dig planting ditches in the shed from east to west, with a single row width of 60 ~ 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm; Two rows of width 170 ~ 180 cm (two planting ditches can also be dug, each with a width of about 60 cm) and a depth of 60 cm; Put corn stalks and organic fertilizer into the ditch. Ridge the planting ditch and sink it with water. When planting, the interface should be 20 cm above the ground and the spacing between plants should be 50 cm. After planting, water the seedlings slowly. After planting, the plastic strips on the interface should be removed in time.
2. Segmented coring: after the seedlings germinate and survive, select 1 robust new buds, and cultivate the main vine through segmented coring to promote its growth. When the new shoot grows to 80 ~ 100 cm, the core is removed. After enucleation, the axillary buds remained 1 leaf, except the top tip continued to grow. When the top secondary branch is about 30 cm long, the second coring will be carried out, and it will be repeated later. The purpose is to thicken the trunk, make it robust and mature, and ensure that the winter buds are full.
3. Tie tendrils and pull out tendrils: When the planted seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, the tendrils should be pulled up once every 40 cm, and the tendrils should be pulled out in time to concentrate nutrition, strengthen trees and promote lignification of branches.
Three: Dormancy management
1, induced dormancy: from the end of September, the greenhouse temperature will be controlled and reduced as much as possible. The bottom wind and headwind can be used to control the temperature drop in the greenhouse, but the freezing injury before defoliation should be prevented.
2, cooling dormancy: according to the maturity of branches and vines, determine the cooling dormancy time. If the maturity of the branches and vines is good, you can put a curtain to cool down and sleep in the first ten days of 10. The method is: put down the curtains during the day and open them at night. At the same time, open the bottom wind and top wind of the plastic buckle shed to ventilate and cool down (pay attention to prevent freezing damage before falling leaves). Put down the curtains before sunrise during the day to keep the temperature low, and open them after sunset to cool down.
Four: temperature management:
1, the heating time depends on the thermal insulation performance of the greenhouse, and the temperature can be raised in advance if the thermal insulation performance is good; Do not heat up blindly if the heat preservation is not good, so as to avoid frostbite after germination.
2. The greenhouse with good thermal insulation performance can be heated in the first half of February, 65438, and the preparation for breaking dormancy heating should be done 10 ~ 15 days before greenhouse heating.
3. Clean and disinfect the greenhouse, remove the residual branches and leaves, fumigate and disinfect with Fuman 1 or sulfur, and spray the whole plant with 3 ~ 5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture once.
Apply germination accelerating fertilizer, topdressing urea and ternary compound fertilizer.
Wipe with lime nitrogen (or cyanamide) to break dormancy.
Sprinkle germination water (when the ground temperature reaches 8 ~ 10℃, pour it in medium to large water).
Five: management of branches and vines
After the vines germinate, keep the full buds above 50 cm from the ground, and wipe off all the buds below 50 cm. According to the requirement of keeping a new branch every 25 ~ 30 cm on the main vine, it is appropriate to thin out the heavy branches and weak branches, remove the vine, and keep 2 ears of fruit on the main vine1m. Results There were 3 ~ 4 leaves on the new shoot inflorescence, and all other secondary branches were erased. Leave 3 ~ 4 leaves at the top and secondary tips, and pick the heart repeatedly. It is enough to leave 17 ~ 23 functional leaves for one ear of fruit.
Six: Water and fertilizer management
Water and fertilizer management of muscat grape is very important and must be strictly controlled.
Water management technology, to master five points:
(1) The germination water should be thoroughly watered, and it should be watered 7 ~ 10 days before germination.
(2) Water thoroughly before flowering, water 7 ~ 10 days before flowering, and do not water on 10 ~ 15 days after flowering.
(3) The fruit should be watered once every 10 ~ 15 days.
(4) Control moisture during coloring, mainly small water, which is easy to crack.
(5) Water thoroughly in winter irrigation period, and water before freezing after defoliation.
Fertilization management technology: Fertilization is mainly concentrated after harvest, and key fertilizers are applied four times at the same time and topdressing five times.