Jujube garden planning is a comprehensive implementation plan of long-term capital construction planning before jujube planting.
(1) planning
(1) Park scale planning: According to the reality of land contract management in agricultural production and the development requirements of social market commodity economy, the park planning is relatively centralized on the whole, forming planting regionalization, production base and commercialization of management.
(2) Division of plot area: For jujube orchards planted in contiguous plots, jujube orchards can be divided into several plots for the convenience of management. The plot size is mainly divided according to the topography, soil conditions and climatic conditions of the garden, and a plot can be divided if the topography, soil and microclimate conditions are basically the same.
(3) Road system planning: In order to facilitate operation and improve labor efficiency, trunk roads and production access roads can be set up in the centralized contiguous jujube garden, and the trunk roads should run through the whole garden.
(4) Irrigation system: Pumped wells, rivers and reservoirs are mostly used as water source irrigation systems in flat land, river beach and Sichuan jujube garden, which can be combined with road system and permeable under favorable conditions.
(2) Variety and density planning
Density: Close planting is the core of early high yield in jujube orchard, and it is also the fundamental difference from traditional sparse planting jujube orchard.
General density: 1 10-220 plants/mu yield index: the survival rate in the first year is over 90%, and the seed setting rate in that year is about 30%; In the second year, the yield per mu is 600-700 Jin; In the third year, the yield per mu is 900- 1200 kg; After the fourth year, the output increased year by year and stabilized at more than 3000 kg. High density: 220-330 plants/mu yield index: the survival rate in the first year is over 90%, and the seed setting rate in that year is 30%; In the second year, the yield per mu is about 900 kilograms; The yield per mu in the third year 1200- 1400 kg; After the fourth year, the output increased year by year and stabilized at more than 4000 kg. Ultra-high density: 330-667 plants/mu yield index: the survival rate in the first year is over 90%, and the seed setting rate in that year is 30%; The yield per mu in the second year is about 1200 kg; The yield per mu in the third year 1500-2400 kg; After the fourth year, the output increased year by year and stabilized at more than 4900 kg. Planting density depends on local geographical conditions, weather and climate.
Pruning technology of jujube tree
Pruning is one of the main technical measures for jujube cultivation and management. Pruning can promote young trees to branch and bear fruit early, and control or promote their growth. Establish a high-yield three-dimensional tree structure. Nowadays, with the continuous development of scientific management technology of jujube, people pay more and more attention to the high-yield structure of jujube. The high-yield tree structures with good performance in production are short crown sparse layer, short crown open heart and uniaxial trunk.
(1) Low crown sparse layer shape
Tree-shaped features: small tree body, fast forming; The main branch spacing is large, the lighting condition is good, the trunk is firm, the production is easy, the pruning method is simple, the underground management is convenient, the load is heavy, and the yield per plant is high.
Plant height and number of main branches: the height of the tree is about 2.5 meters, the height of the stem is about 35 cm, and 7-8 main branches of the whole tree are planted on the central main branch in three layers, with 3 main branches at the base; The second layer has two main branches; The third layer has 1-2 main branches. The length of the main branch at the base is 80- 100 cm, the second layer is 80 cm and the third layer is 60-90 cm.
Technical points of plastic surgery; At about 35cm from the ground, three main branches with uniform growth, good orientation and suitable angle were selected to cultivate the three main branches at the base. The distance between the second floor and 1 floor is about 60cm, with two or three main branches left. The third layer has 1-2 main branches, and the distance between the second layer and the second layer is 60-70cm. The lateral branches of each main branch have 2-3 lateral branches on the three main branches at the base, 2 lateral branches on the second main branch and 65,438+0 lateral branches at the top. The formation time of main lateral branches is the same as that of short crown, and the height meets the requirements. To fall back in time, the crown is a round tower with a narrow top and a wide bottom.
(2) The crown is short and happy.
The characteristics of short crown are: no main stem, few main branches, good lighting conditions, strong skeleton, heavy load, fast forming, early fruiting, convenient management and harvesting. Because jujube has upright branches and strong top advantages, artificial shaping is more difficult than the former.
Tree height and number of main branches: tree height 1.8-2.0m, ***3 The main branches stand obliquely upward on the trunk with an included angle of about 75 degrees. At about 35 cm from the ground, select three main branches with uniform growth, good orientation and suitable angle, and cultivate three main branches (no main branches) at the base. When it grew to 60 cm in that year, the core was picked again, and all three main branches were matched in the next year. Cultivate 2-3 main branches (7-9 main branches in full crown) on each main branch at the base, and it takes 2-3 years to complete all the main side branches, and the crown is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.
(3) Ultra-high density jujube orchard (grassland jujube orchard)
Jujube orchards planted with more than 340 plants belong to ultra-high dense jujube orchards. The tree structure is characterized by short stature, no obvious skeleton hierarchy, and no obvious main branches. The main stems all have secondary branches, and the height of the tree is generally controlled at 0.9-1.2m.. There are 7-8 fruit groups with secondary branches as the main body of the whole tree, and the planting seedlings are set at 50 cm. When the seedlings grew to 40 cm in that year, the lateral branches were picked up and lost their fruiting ability in the next year. So cut it short or cut it short every early spring.