Interpretation of common problems in German doctoral study abroad
1. How long does it take to study for a PhD in Germany?
A: Generally speaking, the doctoral degree in Germany lasts for three years, but the specific graduation time still depends on the opinion of the tutor.
Second, do you have to know German to study in Germany?
A: There is no mandatory requirement for doctoral teaching language. You can choose English/German, and the emphasis is on normal communication (unless it is a discipline directly related to German, such as German teaching, German literature, translation, etc. ).
3. What is the tuition fee for a German doctor?
A: Generally, a year is about 100-500 Euros, and many doctors are paid.
4. What are the conditions for doctoral admission?
A: The decision on the admission of a German doctor is in the hands of the tutor. The mandatory requirement is that the applicant only has a master's degree, and the undergraduate master's credits add up to more than 300ECTS. Some schools also have certain requirements for the average score, such as more than 6 points. But other things like language expression, paper publication or professional relevance are all decided by the tutor, so the selection criteria are very flexible in many cases.
Five, how to "set the magnetic doctor"?
You can't contact the doctor just by sending some polite words in an email. The content of the email communicated with the doctor is actually equivalent to a short letter of encouragement.
But the most important thing is your study plan. Only when this material is written accurately can the doctoral supervisor directly understand the subject and direction you want to study in the future. If this scheme is interesting enough, detailed enough and excellent enough, it can impress doctoral supervisors.
Some PhD supervisors are very interested in your proposal, but he may want you to make some changes in a certain part according to his wishes. At this time, you need to make a choice and change it. Maybe you are not so interested in the doctor's advice. If you don't change it, you will miss this doctoral supervisor.
Therefore, in order to avoid this dilemma, senior sister suggested that when contacting doctoral tutors, prepare more plans and choose more favorite tutors.
6. How to "write a research plan"?
Tutors mainly look at research plans. Because whether you can apply for a doctorate in Germany is related to your master's major, language level, grade point and practice, but it is not a decisive factor. The key is to see if the content of your study is recognized by the instructor and whether you like it or not! For example, the master's schools and grades of the two students are similar, but the doctoral candidates are quite different. Some students even applied, while others didn't. This is the importance of the proposal.
So finally, I will give you a detailed analysis and suggestion. What kind of research plan will be recognized and liked?
What matters is your own research point and professional level:
(1) content.
1. The research objective should be realistic and expressed in concise and clear language. This is very important, because if it is written deeply, foreign doctoral colleges may not be able to study it. Without this condition and advanced technology, it depends on the demand of Spanish industry. That's the point. It should be novel, not routine.
2. Explain why you are the most capable person to finish this project. Need to integrate personal ideas, show personal academic ability and research ability, and have unique ideas. You can directly consider putting this idea into projects and practical applications, and even fight for scientific research funds ~
3. Analyze why this research is important and why now is the right time to carry out this research. Write the research objectives clearly and support them with evidence. It is not enough to write "because this research is interesting", but also to explain what contribution this research can make to society or scientific research groups.
(2) Structure and plate type
Under normal circumstances, each university will have its own story specification. If it doesn't, you can draw up it yourself.
1. If there is enough writing space, the title should be eye-catching. The text structure should be clear, subtitles can be used, and the logic should be complete.
2. The content is segmented. Don't write each paragraph too long. Professors generally don't want to read so many words, and try to be incisive.
3 conditional can be supplemented with pictures, charts, schematic diagrams, etc. This is a very important way of presentation that Europeans like.
(3) Precautions
1. You can find the tutor of the school you want to apply for in advance and discuss your ideas with them. Because after that, there will be enough time to communicate and improve. Therefore, the preparation of doctoral application can not be completed in a simple month or two, and planning needs to be started 1 year in advance.
2. Try not to send the same email to multiple tutors at the same time, and send it one-on-one targeted.
3. Leave enough writing time for temporary communication. There can't be places. There are only 2-3 places for a tutor!
4. Ask for opinions and feedback from domestic master tutors who write letters of recommendation, and listen to their suggestions.
(D) Writing structure
(Short version, you only need to make a reference, and your own ideas are the most important)
1. Subject outline
2. Research direction, theme, hypothesis and purpose
3. Background, literature and research methods of research direction.
4. Detailed list of annual research plan.
5. How to popularize the practice of this project can spread and apply the research results to the public, improve the actual economic aspects and products, and finally bring profits.
6. Summary and conclusion
Further reading: living expenses budget for studying abroad in Germany
I. Rent
Depending on the type you choose, you can apply for a dormitory if you have enough time, and you will have the opportunity to stay if you submit it early. The rent price of dormitory is relatively stable, and there is little difference between cities, generally between 200-300 euros, which is good for safety and environment.
And renting a house needs to consider more things, especially the influence brought by the region, because the room type is basically the same, sharing is the choice of most students, and the internal configuration is similar. Big cities are just more expensive, and the rent is between 400 and 700 euros.
Second, catering.
Distinguish between daily diet and dinner, and generally solve it directly in the canteen. Although there is only western food, the hygiene is guaranteed and the price is more cost-effective. Student-specific discount is more suitable for students with many courses, and it doesn't take a long time to eat.
And a crowded meal is more suitable for eating out. Restaurants can provide more choices and suitable boxes. Everyone has a relatively independent environment to socialize or invite everyone to cook at home. The cost will be lower, about 300 euros a month.
Third, shopping.
Daily necessities are consumables, and everyone needs to buy them regularly. One month is a common time period. When you need to buy things at ordinary times, you can make a list, which will make it more convenient to shop later, and you can also restrain yourself from buying things indiscriminately.
There is also money to buy clothes and other things, because basically single items will not be very cheap. After all, it is not cost-effective to replace it cheaply, and clothes in winter will be more expensive. The average monthly budget is around 200 euros.
Fourth, travel.
Although students have many tools for daily travel, they are still more expensive than those in China. Fortunately, there will be a semester ticket after paying the registration fee, and the difference between cities will be relatively large, generally between 30-240 euros.
And your daily leisure budget. This chapter is different, because everyone's consumption habits and concepts will be different, some people will spend more, but everyone must first have a normal social life or make an adequate budget.
German student accommodation guide.
First, the dormitory application
The dormitory application in general schools is open together with the professional application and lasts until the beginning of school. However, the quantity provided is small, and you have to apply early to have a chance of success. The rent for one month after check-in is about 1 0,000 yuan.
Find the application entrance directly in the school official website. After improving your personal identity, you can directly submit your application for occupancy. If there are still places, you will be informed of success soon. At this time, you can confirm and pay directly.
Second, the rental application
1. Reserved
Renting a house generally needs to be done through an intermediary. You need to find a reliable intermediary. After signing the contract, someone will dock your application. You can tell the intermediary your requirements for the house, and you can directly obtain the housing that meets the requirements.
After comparing the software and hardware, you can confirm your satisfactory house. Don't sign a rental contract directly at this time, just set the house in advance, and then you need to make a field trip. Only after there are no other questions can you sign the contract.
Check the house
When you arrive in Germany, you should contact the intermediary to see the house as soon as possible. At this time, the general landlord will also be present and ask the agent to cooperate with you in various inspections of the house. To ensure that there are no potential safety hazards, the surrounding supporting facilities should also be inspected.
After confirmation, you need to sign a rental contract with the landlord. You need to clarify the responsibilities of both parties, as well as the specific amount and payment method of the rent, as well as the daily expenses that you need to be responsible for, and confirm that you have the right to use the house.
bear the cost
The cost of renting a house will be more expensive than living on campus, and the price of a single room and renting a house is also different. Generally speaking, the price of a shared house will be cheaper. Of course, the advantages and disadvantages are different, and we should choose according to our own needs.
Everyone needs to confirm their monthly rent, water and electricity prices and payment methods. Be sure to change the name of the payer to yourself in advance, so as to avoid future troubles.
Extended reading: introduction to the requirements for studying in Germany
First, go to high school
Students who have finished the second grade of junior high school in China can start preparing for further study, but the formal application can only be submitted after graduation, and they must also show their GPA transcripts, with a score of about 3.0 and a qualified diploma.
There is no mandatory requirement for language, but I suggest that you receive German training in China to ensure that you can keep up with the learning progress. The annual study fee is about 1.8 million yuan. If there is no deposit requirement, you can go directly to Germany, accompanied by your parents.
Second, the preparatory course for studying abroad
High school graduates can't directly apply for undergraduate study, but they can only enter the preparatory course to receive professional transition study, but everyone must meet the same requirements. After completing their studies, they need to show their certificates, and their GPA should reach 3.0 or above.
There will also be certain requirements for language, such as showing proof of 500 hours of German study, and you can be exempted from language classes if you reach Band 4 in the Telford exam; Ordinary schools will also set up entrance exams, and they can only formally enter the school after passing the exam.
Third, undergraduate study abroad
If you want to enter the undergraduate course directly, students must show proof that they have finished one semester in 2 1 1 university, or that they have finished three semesters in double non-school schools. After passing the exam, you can directly enter the relevant stage of study. Of course, the GPA must be above 3.0.
I still have to pass the APS exam to confirm that my Telford exam is above Band 4. At present, German universities are strict in reviewing interdisciplinary applications, so when preparing, everyone needs to confirm that their background meets the requirements.
Fourth, studying abroad for a master's degree.
Students can also submit applications, as long as they can show proof of professional ability; Generally speaking, you should submit it after completing your undergraduate studies on a part-time basis. Erdford's test scores must be at least level 4, and reaching level 5 will be more competitive.
The admission of doctoral students will pay more attention to students' grades. Everyone can show their ability to work independently and do scientific research. They will be more competitive if there are ready-made results. There is no requirement for academic qualifications, but German must be qualified.