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Who is the author of Water Margin? Which dynasty? Which is the most famous work? What are the life stories?

Shi Naian (1296-about 1371), named Zian (some say Ming Er), whose real name is Yan Duan, Han nationality, was born in Baiju Town, Xinghua City (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City), Yuan Dynasty Novelist in the late Ming Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. He is knowledgeable about the past and the present, and is talented. He has written all kinds of classics, poems, astronomy, geography, medical divination, astrology, etc. He was a Jinshi at the age of 36. He later abandoned his official position and returned home. He wrote books behind closed doors and studied "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" with his disciple Luo Guanzhong. , the creation of "The Legend of Three Sui Ping Yao", collecting and sorting out stories about Liangshan Bo, Song Jiang and other heroic figures, and finally created "Water Margin", one of the "Four Great Classics". Gao Yuxiang, the founder of the contemporary Yin Yang Yi Dian School, commented on Water Margin: "It turns everything upside down, he is a chivalrous and courageous man, his loyalty lasts for thousands of years, he is a hot-blooded and extraordinary man. Shi Naian passed the scholar examination in the first year of Yanyou of the Yuan Dynasty, and passed the imperial examination in the first year of Taiding (1324). In the second year of Zhishun (1331), he was appointed as the governor of Qiantang County, Zhejiang Province. There is a cemetery and memorial hall in Shijiaqiao Village, Xingduo Township, Xinghua, Jiangsu Province. There is a "Shi Family Genealogy" in existence. A novelist at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Shicheng was born in Shijiaqiao, Baijuchang, Xinghua County, Yangzhou Prefecture, Daming (now Zhili) (now Shijiaqiao, Xinghua, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province). Dafeng) uprising, established the anti-Yuan regime in Pingjiang (Suzhou) as the capital, and established himself as the King of Wu (Zhu Yuanzhang was also the King of Wu, and was called Xiwu in history to distinguish the two). Shi Naian served Zhang Shicheng, and then Shi Naian moved to avoid the chaos. Xinghua. The One Hundred and Eight Heroes of Shuibo Liangshan are actually the shadows of the generals of the rebel army in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. Shi Naian was Luo Guanzhong's teacher and lived in Changmenwaishi, Suzhou. Jiaxiang, once served as an official in Qiantang (Hangzhou). At this point, the Shi family genealogy has appeared in the "Shi family genealogy" and other relevant information. >

Shi Naian (8 photos)

Shi Naian was originally from Suzhou. According to the "Shi Family Genealogy" and other relevant materials, Shi Naian, named Yanduan, was a disciple of Confucius in his 70s. A descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the two sages, his father was a boatman. He entered the Hushuguan private school at the age of 13. He was a scholar at the age of 19 and married the Ji family. He was a scholar at the age of 29. At the age of 35, he and Liu Bowen were awarded the Jinshi. He was appointed as an official in Qiantang County, but because he could not stand the arrogance and arbitrariness of Daru Huachi (official name), he resigned angrily and returned home to teach apprentices and write books.

Shi Naian escaped from the war. He lived in seclusion in Xinghua and wrote "Water Margin"

Shi Naian moved here to live in seclusion and write "Water Margin" to avoid the war. According to popular reputation, Zhang Shicheng rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty and proclaimed himself King of Wu in Pingjiang (Suzhou). Shi Naian was a military advisor. Later, Zhang Shicheng surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. Shi Naian refused to obey his advice, so he abandoned his official position and went to Zhutang Donglin Temple in Jiangyin. Zhihe's friend Gu Ti, who was a fellow Zhihe on Jiaxing Road, was from Xinghua. The place was remote, surrounded by water, and had inconvenient transportation. It has always been said that "Zhaoyang (also known as Xinghua) has been a good place to avoid soldiers since ancient times", so he specially sent someone to Gu Ti. Ti sent a letter and attached a poem:

"Water Margin" Picture Album (20 photos)

In the desolate times, I traveled around the world and found Yangshan (referring to Yangshan Mountain) Zhaoyang, improvised) A good place to live.

I hope the grass will grow and the trees will grow, instead of making plums grow like melons (the folk song of the time: "Plums grow cucumbers, and all the people have no homes")

After seeing the letter, Gu Ti immediately wrote back to Shi Naian, welcoming him to Xinghua for refuge. He also wrote a poem in the letter:

You came from the south of the Yangtze River to ask for help, and send me a smile as an old colleague. .

This is not a Taoyuan. Where can I avoid Qin?

Describe the 108 generals of Liangshan vividly

After receiving the letter, General Shi Naian His younger brother Yanming stayed in his hometown in Suzhou, brought his second wife Shen, his second younger brother Yancai and his disciple Luo Guanzhong. Braving the smoke of war, he crossed the river and headed north. He first stayed temporarily at Gu Ti's home in Xinghua, and then with the help of Gu Ti, he settled in Xinghua He purchased land and real estate in Baijuchang, a sparsely populated seaside area in the east, and lived in seclusion here in "Water Margin". Shi Naian got to know many farmers and salt people. Many stories in their lives became the material for his creations. After re-creation, With amazing artistic talent, Liangshan 108, headed by Song Jiang, vividly portrays the image of a hero.

Remaining materials: There are very few materials about Shi Naian's life and deeds, and some of the records collected are also quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some materials related to Shi Naian have been discovered in Xinghua, Dafeng, Yandu and other places in present-day Jiangsu Province, including the "Shi Family Genealogy", "Shi Family Genealogy", etc., and others The addendum to volume 13 of "Xinghua County Chronicles" contains one "Biography of Shi Naian", and the addendum to volume 14 contains one "Epitaph of Shi Naian" written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty.

According to the analysis of these materials:

Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius. The descendants of Shi Zhichang made their home in Suzhou in the late Tang Dynasty. His father's name was Yuande, who was a boat operator, and his mother was the Bian family (descendants of the Bian family also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province today).

2 Editing of anecdotes

Ancient Qiantang

Records in "Shi Naian's Epitaph" written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty

About Shi Naian There is very little information about Naian's life and deeds, and some of the records collected are quite contradictory. It is said that he was originally from Suzhou and later moved to Huai'an. He was not a Jinshi until Shunxin, and served as an official in Qiantang for two years. He abandoned his official position and returned home because he was not suitable for the powerful people, and wrote behind closed doors.

A descendant of Shi Zhichang, he was extremely talented and righteous since childhood

According to the analysis of these materials:

Shi Naian is one of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius Give to your descendants.

Shi Naian was smart, studious, talented, filial and righteous since he was a child.

Shi Naian

Became a Jinshi in the same ranking as Liu Bowen. After serving as an official for three years, he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown

When he was 19 years old, he was a scholar and when he was 28, he was a scholar. Juren, at the age of 36, he and Liu Bowen were awarded Jinshi.

He served as an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province) for three years. Dissatisfied with the darkness of the officialdom and unwilling to cater to the powerful, he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown. When Zhang Shicheng rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty, Shi Naian participated in his military activities. After Zhang took control of Su, Shi Naian participated in planning under him and had a close relationship with his general Bian Yuanheng. Later, because Zhang was greedy for leisure and did not accept honest advice, Shi Naian, Lu Yuan, Liu Liang, and Chen became good at poetry and music, but they rarely spread. There are few records in history books. Even though some materials are clearly recorded, the authenticity and credibility of the materials themselves have not yet been recognized. We believe that he was probably from Hangzhou, and at least he lived in Hangzhou for a long time. Some people speculate that he may be a calligrapher who specializes in writing storybooks for storytellers, or he may be a storyteller with proficient writing and superb skills. He lived in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. His ancestral home, Guguan, went into seclusion and wrote behind closed doors. Some people say that he had a good relationship with Bian Xiang, Zhang Shicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty. Bian Xiang and Zhang Tui pointed out in "Shaoshi Shanfang Bi Cong": "The Water Margin edited by Shi from Wulin is particularly popular." Today's people agree that Shi Shi Naian is the author of "Water Margin". Some people also think that it was co-authored with his disciple Luo Guanzhong or continued by Luo Guanzhong.

Shi Naian Memorial Hall

To avoid disaster, Shi Naian moved his family to Huai'an

From the historical data available, Shi Naian is still a person. , but there are few historical records about his life and deeds. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also issued an edict asking him to recommend Shi Naian as his staff, but Shi still refused to apply after many requests. It is said that Zhang Shicheng even visited him personally and saw him writing "Jianghu" in his study. The book "The Legend of the Hao Ke" is also called "Water Margin". Later, Zhang Shicheng was defeated, and Shi Naian moved his family to Huai'an to avoid disaster. In addition to "Farewell on the Qiujiang River", he continued to write poems by Gu Ti and poems presented to Liu Liang. In order to avoid being drafted by the Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian moved his ancestor Naian's bones to Baiju Xiluo Lake (today's Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province) due to the prosperous family history of Qian Wenyu (Shu Yuan Dynasty). He also asked Wang Daosheng to write "Shi Naian's Epitaph".

He lived in seclusion and wrote "Water Margin" and died of illness a few years after finishing it

When Zhang Shicheng revolted against the Yuan Dynasty, Shi Naian participated in his military activities. After Zhang took control of Su, Shi participated in the planning under him and had a close relationship with his general Bian Yuanheng. Later, because Zhang was greedy for leisure and did not accept honest advice, Shi Naian, Lu Yuan, Liu Liang, Chen Ji and others were greatly disappointed and left one after another. When Shi was bidding farewell to Lu and Liu, he composed the suite "Farewell to the Autumn River by the New Water" to express his generous and sorrowful feelings. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was destroyed. Shi wandered around the world, roaming in Shandong, Henan and other places. He was friendly with Liu Shanben, the teacher of Yuncheng County, Shandong, and later lived in Xushichu, Jiangyin, where he served as his tutor. Later, he returned to Baiju and lived in seclusion. Feeling the decline of the current political situation, he wrote "Water Margin" to express his feelings. He also wrote "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "The Legend of Sansui Pingyao" with his disciple Luo Guanzhong. He was also good at poetry and music, but few of his works were widely circulated. In addition to the suite "Farewell on the Autumn River", there are also poems by Gu Ti and poems by Liu Liang that have been handed down to the world. In order to avoid being drafted by the Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian lived in Huai'an, fell ill and died, and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Naian's death, his grandson Wenyu (Shu Yuan)'s family flourished. In the 19th year of Jiajing's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Baichuan Shuzhi" recorded: "100 volumes of "Water Margin of Loyalty and Righteousness". The edition of Shi Naian in Qiantang. Edited by Luo Guanzhong." In the 45th year of Jiajing's reign, Lang Ying wrote in "The Seventh Anniversary" "Revised Manuscript" said: "This book is the 'Qiantang Shi Naian's original version'. Shi Naian died of illness a few years after writing "Water Margin". Water Margin is still passed down from generation to generation!

Punching the bully

One day in the early Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian was playing on a tea mountain and saw a bully robbing a farmer's tea garden. He was very angry and rushed to stop him. Seeing that the visitor was confident, the bully had no choice but to sneak away. However, after the bully found out where the visitor lived, he hired a group of thugs to surround Shi Naian's residence. Seeing this, Shi Naian just sneered. , he walked out of the door calmly. When the thugs saw him with his bare hands, they rushed forward. One of them, a big man with a black face, raised an iron rod and struck it sideways at Shi Naian's head. With his head, he "pulled the flag with the wind", passed the front of the stick, grabbed the iron stick with both hands, and at the same time flew up with his right foot, kicking the big man in the abdomen, and the guy rolled away more than ten feet away. Dancing with the stolen iron rod, it swept across like a whirlwind, scaring the gang to flee in all directions.

Beating the scoundrels

One year during the Lantern Festival, Shi Naian took to the streets. Watching the lanterns, he suddenly saw an evil young man insulting a woman at the end of the street. He became angry, picked up the guy with his right hand, and threw him to the ground like a dead dog. The evil young man was so frightened that he kowtowed and begged for mercy. Then he was spared. Unexpectedly, the next day, the guy gathered seven or eight rogues to come to take revenge. Shi Naian calmly found a thick rope and asked the rogues to tie his legs with the rope. , and then asked them to pull hard. However, although they were all red and thick-necked from exhaustion, Shi Naian's feet seemed to have roots and were motionless. Then, he took out the iron rod and pulled it with an "Oolong tail". A big poplar tree next to him interrupted with a "click". When the scoundrels saw that he had such skill, they realized that they had met a master, and they all kowtowed and admitted defeat.

Later, when Shi Naian wrote "Water Margin", he integrated this personal experience into the plot of Lu Zhishen subduing the gangsters in Daxiangguo Temple.