1. environmental conditions: it is best to cultivate azaleas indoors and indoors. Use indoor environment in winter. In the Yangtze River valley, as long as there are certain lighting and ventilation conditions indoors, there is generally no need for heating. The northern winter is extremely cold and dry, so it is suitable for cultivation in a greenhouse with moderate temperature (about 15℃). Outdoor venues, used in summer and autumn, with mud as the best, avoid cement. The site should be spacious, ventilated and cool, with a shade shed, a reed curtain or a natural tree-lined shelter. The light transmittance is about 30%, and it is forbidden to bask at night.
2. Potted soil requirements: Rhododendron likes loose, porous, well-drained, humus-rich acidic soil with PH value of 5.0-6.0. If clay or alkaline soil is used, it is difficult to survive. Especially Xia Juan and Yang Juan, they must be mountain soil. Mountain soil needs to be improved. At present, three kinds of cultivated soil are usually used. (1) It is prepared by mixing 7 parts of mountain soil, 1 part of dry moss sheet, 2 parts of dry humus soil and 1 part of dry fertilizer. (2) Stack 3 parts of mountain bark soil (topsoil), 3 parts of horse manure, 3 parts of deciduous weeds and 1 part of human manure in layers, and sieve after 1-2 years. (3) Mix 3 parts of mountain soil, 3 parts of humus soil, 4 parts of garden soil and 2 parts of sandy soil, and add 50g of sesame sauce residue and bone meal to each pot.
Third, the choice of flowerpots: flowerpots for planting azaleas can generally choose pottery pots and purple sand pots according to their uses. Clay basin has good ventilation and water permeability, which is beneficial to root growth. It is used for the cultivation of production units. Molded azaleas, especially those that have been molded, are generally planted in elegant purple sand pots for indoor and outdoor display. The teapot is exquisite in texture, rich in color and beautiful in shape, which can increase the ornamental value. The permeability of purple sand basin is not as good as that of clay basin. When planting, broken tiles (old tiles) should be placed around the basin wall to facilitate drainage. The size of the flowerpot depends on the age of the plant. Generally speaking, 5-inch flowerpots are used for 4-6 year-old plants. 6-inch flowerpot for 7- 10 annual plants; 11-15 8-inch pot for reproductive plants.
Fourth, improve water quality: it is best to use rainwater for watering azaleas, followed by river water and pond water. If tap water is used, it is best to store the water for 1-2 days, so that chlorine gas can be volatilized and then reused. When it is used, 0.2% ferrous sulfate is added, and it is poured every 7- 10 days in the growing season, and it is frequently used to ensure that the soil is acidic.
Five, fertilizer and water management: azaleas like wet, not too dry. More water is especially needed during flowering. In winter, azaleas have entered the dormant period, and the water demand is not much. Generally, water should be poured 1 time every 4-5 days, and around noon on sunny and warm days. According to the dryness of the basin soil, appropriate amount of water can be applied. In March, the roots of rhododendron germinated and the water demand increased. The growth and development of summer rhododendron is a little late, and the watering amount is less than that of spring rhododendron. Generally, water every two days in the afternoon 1 time. From April to June, azaleas bloom one after another, and the branches and leaves begin to sprout, which requires a lot of water. Generally, water 1 time every morning and evening. During the high temperature and drought season from July to early September, water 1 time in the morning and evening, and the amount of water should not be too much. At noon, water should be sprayed on the leaves and the ground to maintain a humid environment. From mid-September to165438+1October, the weather gradually turns cold, which is the adaptive period for the growth of rhododendrons. In order to prevent the autumn shoots from pulling out and enhance the cold resistance in winter, the watering amount should be reduced appropriately. Generally, water 1 time every other morning to keep it moist. Rhododendron prefers fertilizer. Generally, water with decomposed cake fertilizer, fish meal, broad bean or Chinese milk vetch, and human excrement and urine are prohibited. Apply 1 thin fertilizer every 10 day, with the concentration of 15%, and apply * * * 2-3 times, so as to promote the old leaves to turn green and sprout new roots. Fertilize 5-6 times from mid-May to early July to promote the growth of branches and leaves after flowers wither. If it rains continuously, dry fertilizer can be applied. Fertilize 1-2 times before entering the house and before the growth of azalea is about to stop.
Sixth, outdoor shading: it is advisable to see more sunshine before going out and before civilization; At noon in flowering period, it should be shaded for a short time, with a light transmittance of 60%; The plum rain period from June to early July is the flowering period of azaleas, so try to see more sunshine. However, in the case of strong sunshine, it should be shaded from 9: 00 am to 4: 00 pm to avoid burning new leaves. From mid-July to early September, we should shade the sun from 8 am to 5 pm every day to prevent the sun from exposure. In the autumn growing season after September, the shading time can be shortened. Generally, it can be shaded from 10 to 4 pm, and it is advisable to see more sunshine after 10. Cut off long branches, weak branches, deformed branches and damaged branches after plastic surgery.
Seven, shaping and pruning: Rhododendron grows slowly, generally let it grow naturally, only after flowering, shaping, cutting off long branches, diseased branches, deformed branches and damaged branches.
Eight, pest control: Army pest control (also known as Wang Guan Bug) sprayed 40% dimethoate 1500 times during the damage period, and sprayed 1 time every 7 days for 3 times in a row. The control methods of leaf roller in terminal bud stage mainly rely on manual capture and killing, and larvae or pupae can also be killed by spraying 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 1500 times dichlorvos.