Generally, the height of fixed stem is 70 ~ 90cm, the height of fixed stem of virus-free seedlings is 90 ~ 1 10cm, and the height of fixed stem of sitting seedlings is higher, or even uncertain. Large seedlings with branches can be fixed 30 cm above the top branches. From spring to autumn, the buds and shoots within 50 cm from the ground of seedlings (trees) should be smoothed at any time to facilitate the normal growth of useful upper branches. If there are low branches on the seedling trunk, you can leave 2 ~ 3 short buds. In order to grow more branches in the plastic belt, cutting off the lower buds on the buds is beneficial to increase the number of branches and promote early formation.

(2) Pruning in the first year after planting

In summer, strictly control the competitive branches (twisting or re-coring) to maintain the advantages of the central extension branches. In autumn (from late August to mid-September), it is appropriate to branch the lateral tip above 1 m, and the angle should be kept at 70 ~ 90. New shoots with a length less than 1 m are allowed to grow freely, and then they are pulled out when the length is equal to enough (80 ~ 100 cm). The branches are pulled in place, and there is no arch in the middle. It is best to nail a stake on the ground to fix them. Note that when there are many branches, you should pull the branches evenly and distribute them in all directions. When pruning in winter, there are two ways to treat each side branch. One is that when the central leadership is not very strong, all lateral branches (regardless of length) should leave the base 1 ~ 2 cm for thinning, and new lateral branches will grow in the next year. In this way, the lateral branches bear fruit after 1 year, but the crown is neat, and the advantage of the central main stem is obvious, maintaining a good ratio of stem to branch diameter (about 1∶0.5). The other is that when the central leadership advantage is obvious and the lateral branches are not too strong, all the lateral branches are basically motionless, and only the overlapping branches and the low branches on the trunk are drained. The extension of the central leadership should be treated differently: surpass the strong and replace the head with the less competitive branch; Generally strong (body length 100 cm or more), upright people do not need to be cut short, so that they can freely extend upwards; If the length is less than 50 cm or too weak, you can cut it short at the full bud in the middle and trim the strong side branches at the lower part; The length of the central leadership is sufficient, but those who are staggered (especially short anvil or short anvil) should erect a pillar next to the trunk of the central leadership and tie it straight and firmly to help them grow; If there are no pillars, you can also straighten them with ropes.

(3) Pruning in the second year after planting

In the growing season, attention should still be paid to erasing the buds and shoots on the side branches within 50 cm near the ground and within 20 cm near the central trunk. For the long branches (> 30 cm) whose upper base is 20 cm away from the central trunk, comprehensive methods such as twisting, thinning, breaking, coring, pulling and smoothing should be adopted to treat the flattened side branches, but the branches should not be twisted at the same time. The above methods are best used alternately.

The competitive branches under the central leadership are still handled by twisting, coring and thinning to ensure that the growth of extended branches is greater than 60 cm. In autumn, the lateral branches (80 ~ 100 cm) that occurred on the central leadership stem in the previous year were horizontally pulled. In winter, only the sprouting branches on the trunk and the long upright branches within 20 cm near the central trunk can be drained, while the strong branches on the middle and front back of the flattened side branches can be drained and then cut to make them uniaxial elongated. There are three extension branches of the central leadership trunk, one is sparse, the other is cut off, and only the middle one grows vigorously. If the central leadership has two branches, one is sparse and the other is reserved. When the extension branch is very strong, you can change the head with a competitive branch with a certain angle; When branches are extended, they should be kept as intact as possible to help them grow. If the tree is in good condition, when the height has reached 2.5 meters, it is not necessary to shorten the extension branches to slow down its growth, which is conducive to flowering and fruiting and maintaining the ideal tree shape.

(4) Pruning in the third year after planting

Before germination, the upright strong branches of trees 70 ~ 80 cm higher than the central leadership trunk can be leveled, and the buds on their backs can be cut off before germination to increase branches. In the case of local overlapping and dense branches, it can be adjusted by thinning, especially to control the sprouting on the back of flattened side branches or between branches at any time. Other summer cuts are the same as in previous years. If the trees are lush, the base of the trunk or lateral branches can be girdled (used with caution when marshals tie it) or girdled (1 ~ 2 lanes, interval and distance) around early June. In winter, if the central leadership extends the trunk and the branches are strong, it can also replace the head with weak competitive branches or cut off the 1 ~ 2 competitive branches under it to weaken its growth. Whether the head is changed or not, the extension head is still long and uncut. The strong branches in the upper part of the crown should be strictly controlled or sparse to maintain the balance of tree potential and prevent strong branches. Long branches planted in the middle and lower part of the crown should be leveled as long as they do not overlap and are not too dense to help slow down the trend and promote short branches or flowers.

(5) pruning in the 4th to 5th year after planting.

The reduction is the same as in previous years. In principle, the extended branch of the central leadership is still not short, and the horizontal strong branches under it should be strictly controlled and refined to prevent the phenomenon of strong leadership and multi-leadership. If the angle of the middle and lower branches becomes smaller, it is necessary to adjust the angle to the required degree. Pay attention to pull the upper lateral branches (50 ~ 60cm long) or 1 annual branches to an angle of 100 ~ 120, so as to keep the tree potential balanced up and down, the crown is stable and the light is good. Normal results have been entered in this tree.

(6) Pruning in the sixth year and after planting

At the end of the fifth year after planting, the tree has basically taken shape, with a height of about 1.5 ~ 3 meters and a maximum crown width of about 2 meters. The number of branches per plant is about 1000. It can completely meet the requirements of high yield. However, with the increase of tree age and branch age, the lateral branches and new shoots in various parts of the crown will gradually increase, the crown will become denser and denser, and sometimes the whole garden will be closed. In this case, the number and length of branches should be adjusted. When the base of lateral branches is thicker than 3cm and the length exceeds 1.5m, the regenerated branches should be cultivated in the middle, back or base in advance, and the thick lateral branches should be thinned appropriately to keep the total number of lateral branches in the whole tree at 15 ~ 20, especially the lower branches near the ground, to solve the problem of ventilation and light transmission.