1. Main cultivated varieties. At present, the main cultivated varieties are Jixinhuangpi and Dajixinhuangpi.
Second, the requirements of wampee for environmental conditions.
⑴ Temperature: The area with annual average temperature above 20℃ and monthly average temperature above 12℃ is most suitable. The adult trees with temperature below 0℃ will suffer from freezing injury, and the young trees have poor cold resistance.
⑵ Moisture: Huangpi is an evergreen fruit tree, which needs a humid environment and sufficient moisture. It grows well in areas with annual rainfall greater than 1500mm and even distribution. Too much water or too concentrated rainfall is not conducive to the growth, development, flowering and fruiting of wampee.
⑶ Illumination: Under the condition of sufficient illumination, the branches and leaves in the crown can absorb scattered light for photosynthesis, expand the photosynthetic area, enhance the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, expand the fruiting area, and improve the quality and yield of fruits; Insufficient light affects photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of plants, which is unfavorable to plant growth and development.
⑷ Soil: wampee has low requirements for soil, and both clay loam and sandy loam can be planted, but different soils will have different effects on the life and yield of wampee plants. Planting on sandy loam with good drainage, fertile soil and deep soil layer will make the tree strong, long life and high and stable yield; Planting wampee on cohesive soil with poor soil quality, poor drainage and much accumulated water will lead to short life and low yield.
1
Third, planting technology.
(1) Planting time: Generally from March to May, there is a lot of rain, the temperature rises, it is easy to take root, and the plant survival rate is high. When transplanting, the root system of nutrient bag seedlings is less affected, and the garden with irrigation conditions can be planted in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
2. Planting density: generally, 50-80 plants are planted per mu, and the plant spacing can be 3m× 4m or 2.5m× 3.5m When planning close planting, about 1 10 plants are planted per mu, and the plant spacing can be 2m× 3m. Dig pits according to the specifications of length, width, depth 1m and 0.8m, and bury 50 kg of green manure, 50 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 500 g of lime and 500 g of phosphate fertilizer in each pit. Backfill topsoil should be about 20 cm above the ground.
(3) Planting: When planting, the roots of wampee seedlings should avoid contact with fertilizers, and the seedlings should be kept upright, and the roots should naturally extend around, and the depth should be covered with fine soil to the root neck.
1
Four, young tree management technology
Fertilizer and water management
⑴ Fertilization: Young roots are underdeveloped, shallow in distribution and weak in absorption. Fertilization should be based on the principle of diligent application and thin application, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and foliar micro-fertilizer as the supplement. Fertilization can be started after survival 1 month, and then fertilization can be carried out before each new shoot germination and after the new shoot turns green. In addition, organic fertilizer should be deeply applied every winter.
⑵ Water management: Young trees grow vigorously, with shallow and few roots, which are easily affected by soil moisture changes. It is necessary to strengthen soil moisture management, irrigate during drought, drain during waterlogging, and keep the soil moist, so as to facilitate the normal growth of plants.
(2) Soil management
⑴ scarifying: Young wampee orchards should be scarified several times a year, which is generally combined with weeding and intercropping crops. In summer and autumn, loosen the soil after rain to prevent soil hardening. The depth of rhizosphere loosening is 5- 10 cm.
⑵ Soil improvement: Generally, from the second year after planting, ring ditches are opened at the periphery of the original planting holes, or belt ditches with a depth of 40-50 cm and a width of 30 cm are dug between rows (between plants). Apply forage, crop straw, garbage and appropriate amount of lime in layers, rotate the position every year, and turn the soil once every 2-3 years.
(3) Shaping and pruning: after the seedlings have survived, pick the core or cut it short at the height of 40-50 cm of the trunk to promote the bud germination under the section. When the main branch is mature, core or chop it at 15-20cm to promote the germination of buds under the incision, and then select 2-3 robust and reasonably distributed branches on each main branch to cultivate secondary main branches, tertiary branches and tertiary branches in the same way.
(4) Intercropping: Leguminous crops, such as peanuts, soybeans or vegetables, can be intercropped in the young wampee orchard without affecting the growth of wampee, which is beneficial to soil moisture conservation and heat preservation.