Pruning Techniques of Cuiguan Pear Cuiguan Pear is a new high-quality and early-maturing pear variety with the fastest development and the largest cultivation area in southern China in recent years. Since 1996, intensive cultivation has been promoted in our region. At present, the cultivation area has reached 1000 hectares, and the average benefit of the production garden is more than 4,000 yuan per 667 square meters, which has become the key and advantageous area for efficient cultivation of early-maturing pears in the province. According to the climatic characteristics of frequent typhoons and high humidity in our region and the biological characteristics of Cuiguan pear, through several years of practice, the pruning techniques of Cuiguan pear with high yield and high quality were explored under the conventional cultivation conditions in the open field. Introduction is as follows. \x0d\ 1, trees \x0d\ according to the plant spacing of (2 ~ 2.5) m× (3.5 ~ 4.0) m, that is, the planting density of 70 ~ 80 plants per 667 square meters, in order to improve the early yield, the improved layered shape is generally adopted in the first five years, and the short, wind-resistant three-branch happy shape is adopted after five years. The so-called improved layering means that the crown consists of permanent trunk branches and the second trunk branches on the central trunk, with the spacing of 100 ~ 120 cm. Among them, there are 3 permanent backbone branches (main branches) and 2 ~ 3 branches in the second layer, and the height of the tree is generally controlled at about 2.0m In order to increase the yield of the tree year by year, the tree should be transformed from an improved layered shape into a heart with three main branches. On the basis of pruning young trees, special attention should be paid to the yield control of trees after production and the adjustment of the bearing position and center of gravity of trees. Generally, 3-year-old trees begin to bear fruit, and the fruit should be centered on the upper part of the crown (including the central trunk); Four-year-old children began to pay attention to both up and down; By the fifth year, with the growth of the upper part of the tree weakened due to years of load bearing, the permanent backbone branches of the lower part of the tree developed healthily due to cultivation, and the total amount and proportion of the "three branches" (i.e. growing branches, flowering branches and fruiting branches) of the lower part of the tree were reasonable. While controlling the formation of the structure, the fruit center of gravity of the tree has shifted to the lower part of the crown, so during the winter pruning in the fifth year, in order to safely transition to the happy shape of the three main branches, the central trunk is often cut off. \x0d\ 2。 Young tree shaping technology \x0d\ Choose one-year-old strong seedlings, leave about 5 buds and fix them according to 50cm. Then, select 3-4 buds with reasonable orientation under the cut, and carry out eye injury in time (that is, before the bud germinates, cut two knives horizontally above the heel of the bud and reach the xylem, with the knife distance of about 1.5mm) to promote new shoots. When the new shoots grow to about 70 cm (usually around the end of June), the new shoots extracted from the terminal buds usually stand up as central stems for culture. Three new shoots with strong growth and reasonable orientation were selected from the lower part. Generally, from the end of June after stopping the shoot, the branch is pulled out at an angle of about 60 and cultivated to become a permanent main branch. At the same time, for the branches that are easy to compete with the backbone branches, attention should be paid to controlling coring, and the rest are generally preserved for a long time and are not used as auxiliary branches for cutting. When pruning in winter, the central trunk is generally cut at a distance of about 120cm from the permanent trunk branches, and the second to third buds are cut to promote the second layer of main branches. In winter, the pruning of permanent trunk branches is mainly short cutting, and the lateral buds are generally used as cutting buds. In the specific pruning process, the pruning amount and bud cutting should be determined according to the different growth potentials of the three main branches. Generally, for the main branches that grow vigorously (thick and long branches) and are relatively upright, short cutting is appropriately added and the upper buds are selected as cutting buds; For the weak trunk branches, we should plant them for a long time, without cutting, or lightly cut the top 1 ~ 2 buds to balance the growth potential between permanent trunk branches as soon as possible. \x0d\ Pruning of biennial trees focuses on promoting secondary main branches on permanent main branches and secondary main branches on central main branches and their fruiting branches. The method of promoting the secondary main branch on the permanent main branch: use eye scissors or sectional scissors at the appropriate part of the main branch (for long branches over 65438+50cm, cut one circle between two lateral buds before bud germination, and then cut two lateral buds with eyes). The promotion method of the second layer backbone branches of the central trunk: generally, 2 ~ 3 new shoots with strong growth potential and reasonable orientation are selected, and after stopping the shoots, the branches are pulled out in time at a growth angle of about 70 in late June for culture. In order to prevent man-made injury and later wind damage from tearing the branches and improve the illumination in the row, the branches should be pulled from east to west and cross. In order to ensure the scheduled production in the third year and achieve the target output, in addition to the central trunk, we should focus on promoting the development and cultivation of flowering branches on the upper part of the tree, including timely coring and long release of the second trunk, short fruit branches and medium-long growth branches. At the same time, in order to further balance and maintain the growth potential of backbone branches, especially permanent backbone branches, the growth angle of backbone branches should be revised at any time before August to prevent "upper strength and lower weakness". The key point of winter pruning is to continue to do a good job of moderate pruning of backbone branches. \x0d\ 3。 First-class tree pruning technology \x0d\ Under normal management conditions, Cuiguan pear generally enters the full fruit stage after 5 years. In order to maintain the stability and high quality of the tree after five years, the pruning of Cuiguan pear in the initial production period should always focus on the strong construction of the upper and lower backbone branches, especially the permanent backbone branches, the effective promotion and distribution of the total amount of the "three branches" of the tree, the reasonable regulation of the fruit-bearing parts of the tree and the control and improvement of the yield, so that the tree can be stably transformed into a happy tree with three main branches after entering the harvest period, and it is also stable and moderate. \x0d\ 3. 1 3-year-old first tree \x0d\ 3-year-old Cuiguan pear, the plant yield is generally controlled at around 8kg. According to the principles of "top-down" and "top-down", the fruiting parts of 3-year-old trees should be mainly controlled in the central trunk and above, and the lower part of the tree should focus on cultivating the backbone branches and "three branches". Therefore, during the growth of the upper part of the tree, attention should be paid to thinning flowers and fruits and yield control, and at the same time, special attention should be paid to coring and pulling branches of medium-long growth branches, and timely coring and rational utilization of secondary branches after thinning flowers should be fully done to increase the flowering branches in the upper part of the crown; When pruning in winter, if there are too many flowering branches in the upper part of the crown, a part of them should be appropriately shortened as preparatory branches, and the adjacent parallel flowering branches should be shortened according to the principle of shrinking strength and leaving weakness. For the permanent backbone branches at the lower part of the tree, the key point of pruning during the growth period is to further promote the development of "three branches", and to pull some medium-long vegetative branches in time to promote flowers (buds) to prepare for the next year's results; When pruning in winter, in addition to continuing to properly prune the permanent backbone branches, the annual or large-scale branches in trees with a length of more than 1.0m can be segmented to promote the utilization of branches. \ x0d \ 3.24 ~ 5-year-old production tree \ x0d \ 4 ~ 5-year-old Cuiguan pear, with the average yield per plant controlled at 15 ~ 20kg. Generally, the fruit-bearing part is as important as the fruit-bearing proportion at the age of 4, and it transitions to the lower part of the tree at the age of 5. At the same time, the tree body and tree shape require the transition to a happy tree shape with three main branches, and maintain a stable and strong moderate tree potential, laying the foundation for stable production and high quality. Therefore, the pruning of 4 ~ 5-year-old Cuiguan pear should focus on the summer pruning of the upper part of the tree above the central trunk; Trim the lower part in summer and winter. The key points of pruning the upper part of the tree in summer: continue to pay special attention to the cultivation of flower branches, increase the proportion of flower branches in the upper part of the tree, increase the upper fruit, and achieve the purpose of topping the fruit and controlling the upper growth. Prune the lower part of the tree during the growth period. With the downward movement of the fruit-bearing part of the tree and the increase of the fruit-bearing amount year by year, control the fruit-bearing part reasonably, maintain and increase the total number of "three branches" in the tree, so as to realize alternate fruit-bearing, while the lower part of the crown continues to maintain vigorous growth potential. When pruning in winter, we should pay attention to crown control and downward retraction of the upper part of the tree; In the lower part of the tree, we should focus on the regeneration of fruiting branches, especially the thinning of short fruiting branches and the weakening of medium-long fruiting branches, and timely renew and retract fruiting (mother) branches that are about 3 years old and have poor (or bare and decayed) emergence; Some vigorous branches (more than 1 ~ 2 years old) sprouting from the trunk can be used as the regeneration culture of fruiting mother branches, or combined with auxiliary pruning techniques such as slicing and eye injury as the regeneration of fruiting branches in appropriate parts. In the fifth year, with the closure of trees, the central trunk is usually cut off. \x0d\ 4。 Pruning techniques for adult trees \ x0d \ After five years, the yield of Cuiguan pear is generally controlled at 25-30kg, and the yield is about 2000kg per 667m2. In order to keep the tree short (the height is controlled at about 1.7m) and happy, the growth potential is always moderate, so that it can be stable and high-quality. When pruning, we should pay attention to the configuration of the "three branches" in the tree and keep the growth potential of the main branches on the basis of adjusting the fruit yield and output of the tree. Once the main branches are elongated and the growth is insufficient (within 70cm), the annual branches with the growth above 70cm in the tree body should be pruned in time. In addition to the regeneration culture of the main branches, it is advisable to leave short branches of about 25cm on 50% of the branches and arrange the short branches in the relatively concentrated parts of the tree body as far as possible. And pay attention to cut off the buds and leave them outside, so as to help the tree bear even fruit, open the branch angle and fill the crown space in the future. Generally speaking, Cuiguan pear in high-yield period can achieve high quality and high yield. If the number of growing branches above 70cm in the tree can reach about 15, it means that the tree is in good condition and is expected to have a high yield next year. Otherwise, the fruit quantity of the current year should be reduced in time to ensure the tree vigor. At the same time, due to the weak ability of sustainable fruit-bearing branches of Cuiguan pear, we should always pay attention to the timely renewal of fruit-bearing branches, especially short fruit branches, as well as the local renewal and cultivation of aging branches. In a word, the pruning of adult Cuiguan pear should always be based on the principle of paying equal attention to summer pruning and winter pruning. Through the flexible operation of different pruning methods, such as thinning, cutting, shrinking and releasing, we can restrain the strong and promote the weak, shrink and release, and promote the combination of control, so as to ensure the total amount, proportion and alternate results of the "three branches" and make the tree stable, stable, high-quality and efficient.