Large-scale road maintenance machinery is mainly engaged in railway line screening, line tamping, turnout tamping, ballast shaping and line stability.
It is the main machinery for line overhaul and medium repair. It undertakes the important mission of consolidating the railway foundation and plays an important role in the speed increase of China railway for many times. Work and rest mode: General units have campers and dining cars.
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2. How to manage the safety of large-scale road maintenance machinery?
1. Inspection and operation of large maintenance machinery 1. All components (including loads, etc.) of large-scale maintenance machinery such as tamping, stabilization, ballasting, rail grinding and screening must be inspected and confirmed. ) Do not exceed the rolling stock clearance before entering the electrified section.
2. At the ladders and front and rear pedals that can climb the roof, obvious warning signs of "No climbing when the catenary is charged" should be painted and kept clear and eye-catching. 3. When running or staying on the electrified railway, the skylight in the cab must be closed and locked.
? 4. In the electrified railway section, it is forbidden to climb on the roof for maintenance, and it is forbidden to wash the vehicle with hose water. 5. When staying in the electrified railway station, you are not allowed to board the top of rail cars, big machines, campers and other vehicles or cross the line from the top.
6. When the large road maintenance machinery is running, the door should be closed. No one is allowed to grab, grab, lean out of the car or play in the car. 7. When climbing for maintenance, the relevant provisions of aerial work should be strictly implemented.
2. Operation of large-scale road maintenance machinery 1. When tamping cars, stabilized cars and rail grinding cars are used on electrified railways, if their working scope does not exceed the upper limit of locomotives and vehicles, and the distance between the staff (including their working scope) and the live part of the catenary is kept at 2-4m, it is not necessary to cut off the catenary, but the catenary operators need to be monitored on site. 2. When using screen cleaning vehicle and ballast shaping vehicle, etc. If the clearance of rolling stock is exceeded, an application for power outage of catenary shall be submitted to the power dispatcher in advance, and the power dispatcher shall issue a power outage order. After the catenary operator installs the temporary grounding wire, the person in charge of construction may issue an order to start the construction. In terms of electrical safety, the person in charge of construction must obey the guidance of the catenary operator. After the construction is completed and all the personnel are evacuated, the catenary operator will dismantle the temporary grounding wire and notify the power dispatcher that the construction is completed.
After the temporary grounding wire is removed, all personnel are prohibited from entering the construction site again. 3. The screening car and ballast shaping car should always pay attention to the facilities such as signals and overhead contact line columns, which will affect the operation of rotating dirt conveyor belt, and adjust the rotation angle when necessary; After operation, it is forbidden to walk until all parts are put back in their original positions.
4. Strictly implement the system of "open the door once, look twice and get off the bus three times" in operation. If a car is found coming from an adjacent line, the driver must constantly whistle for warning. 5。
Pay attention to anti-skid when getting on the bus in winter, and don't cover your ears with clothes and hats to prevent it from being cold in snowy days. 6. During operation, all groups of personnel should act in unison, honk before starting the train and putting down the tamping device and rammer, and then act after 5 seconds; Under-vehicle monitoring operators should concentrate on preventing flying debris from harming the machinery and personnel in the tamping area.
7. In the process of operation, when it is found that it endangers personal safety, driving safety and equipment safety, the red emergency stop button should be triggered immediately.
3. How to calculate the road maintenance machinery?
According to the statistics of highway maintenance technology and equipment, the technical equipment is based on the value and total power of mechanical equipment, reflecting the degree of highway maintenance technology and equipment. The following explains some specific technical terms one by one.
Actual mechanical equipment value at the end of the year: refers to the value of mechanical equipment included in fixed assets at the end of the year, which is calculated according to the original value and net value. Original value: refers to all expenses paid in the process of purchasing and installing machinery and equipment. Machinery and equipment are allocated free of charge, and there is no original value to check, which can be calculated according to the revaluation value of assets and capital verification.
Net value: refers to the original value of fixed assets MINUS depreciation expenses over the years. Actual total power of machinery and equipment at the end of the year: refers to the total horsepower of machinery and equipment listed as fixed assets at the end of the year, calculated according to design capacity or checking capacity, including the power of the machine itself and the power of independent power equipment serving the machine. Power machinery expressed in kilowatts can be calculated as 1 kW = 1.
36 horsepower. Electric welding machines, transformers and boilers do not calculate power, nor do they include the power of independent power not installed in machinery; Power equipment rate (horsepower/person) = actual mechanical equipment power at the end of the year (horsepower)/number of employees at the end of the year (person); Power equipment rate (horsepower/km) = actual total power of mechanical equipment at the end of the year (horsepower)/maintenance mileage at the end of the year (km); Technical equipment rate (yuan/person) = actual net value of mechanical equipment at the end of the year (ten thousand yuan)/number of employees at the end of the year (person); Technical equipment rate (yuan/km) = actual net value of mechanical equipment at the end of the year (ten thousand yuan)/maintenance mileage at the end of the year (km).
4. What is the highway maintenance machinery like?
(I) Statistical indicators of utilization rate of highway maintenance machinery Actual machinery quantity: refers to the actual machinery quantity owned by highway maintenance departments.
If the property right belongs to the highway maintenance department, the number of machinery shall be counted. (2) Average mechanical capacity: refers to the average sum of the design quota capacity or checking capacity of similar machinery, and the mechanical capacity is generally calculated according to the capacity of the working part or power part of the machinery. Calculation method of average mechanical capacity: add up the mechanical capacity of each day in the reporting period and divide it by the calendar days.
(3) Total number of machines: refers to the number of all machines multiplied by calendar days during the reporting period. (4) Machine days in good condition: Machine days in good condition during the reporting period.
Including actual work and various non-technical reasons, machine days. Does not include machines that are being repaired, to be repaired or sent for repair.
Mechanical integrity rate (%) = days of mechanical integrity rate in the reporting period/days of total mechanical equipment in the reporting period 100%. Workbench day: refers to the working days when machinery in good condition actually participates in construction operations during the reporting period.
As long as a machine starts working on the same day, regardless of its construction time and output, it is counted as a workbench. (5) Mechanical operation rate (%) = mechanical workbench days/total mechanical desk days +000% during the reporting period.
(6) Mechanical efficiency: refers to the output per unit capacity of machinery during the reporting period. For machines that cannot be calculated according to output, calculate the average number of workbench shifts per machine. Mechanical efficiency (output per unit capacity) = number of mechanical workbench shifts during the reporting period/total number of mechanical workbench shifts during the reporting period. Eight hours of mechanical work counts as a machine shift, four hours counts as half a machine shift, and less than one hour counts as an hour.
(7) Actual total output of machinery: refers to the actual total output of all machinery during the reporting period, which should be calculated according to the actual quantity completed, and cannot be calculated by multiplying the number of mechanical operations by the mechanical unit capacity. For machinery that cannot be calculated according to output, it should be calculated according to the actual fleet. Mechanization of highway maintenance refers to the main and auxiliary production and labor processes in the highway maintenance operation system, which are all or partially completed by the mechanical system with coordinated mechanical performance parameters. These mechanical systems ensure the quality and benefit of maintenance work with the best economic and technical indicators under the guarantee of standardized organization and management system and specified operating conditions.
Mechanized maintenance is a complex system engineering, and it is an organically integrated work flow and system management system. Its goal is to achieve the best economic and technological orientation of the whole system, which is related to management system, operating mechanism, investment direction, machinery and equipment, personnel allocation, equipment management, production, operation and distribution methods, etc. This is a production and management process, which requires full participation and full attention. Standardized organization and management system refers to reasonable rules and regulations and technical specification system, rigorous and scientific production plan, effective production command system and strict production control system. On the premise of ensuring the quality of maintenance work, the mechanical operating system has the highest productivity and the lowest life cycle rate.
With the change of social development situation, highways gradually transition from the stage of rapid construction to the stage of maintenance and management. The focus of highway work is no longer to build more roads and repair them, but to manage and use them well, which will gradually turn to strengthen highway maintenance and management. Modern society requires highways to provide fast, clean, comfortable, excellent and safe traffic environment, which requires transportation departments and highway departments to implement high-quality maintenance management, strengthen highway maintenance management, prolong the service life of highways, and maximize the efficiency of existing road networks.
Only by implementing mechanized maintenance can this kind of high-quality maintenance be realized. Mechanization of highway maintenance is the basic form of modern highway maintenance and the basic symbol of advanced maintenance production. This requires that the scheme selection, project management, construction organization, technological process and other aspects of rural highway construction should be properly controlled to comprehensively improve the maintenance quality of rural roads.
5. What is the service cycle of highway maintenance machinery?
Highway maintenance is divided into four categories according to its engineering nature, scale and technical complexity: minor maintenance, medium maintenance, overhaul and improvement.
Specifically, it is divided into: (1) minor repair and maintenance works: preventive maintenance and repair are carried out on the slightly damaged parts of the highway and all its engineering facilities to keep them in good condition. Usually, it is the daily work arranged by the maintenance class on a monthly basis (ten days) within the fixed amount of funds for minor repairs and maintenance for one year.
(2) Medium-repair works: small-scale works that regularly repair and reinforce the general wear and local damage of highway engineering facilities to restore the original state. Usually by the grass-roots highway maintenance agencies according to the annual (quarterly) plan.
(3) Overhaul project is a project to comprehensively repair the major damage of highway facilities in a specified period, so that they can completely return to the original design standards, or make local improvements and individual additions within the original technical level, and gradually improve the highway capacity. Usually, with the help of grass-roots highway maintenance organizations or their superior organizations, it is organized and implemented according to the approved annual planned project budget.
(4) Improvement projects refer to large-scale projects that improve the technical level of highways and their engineering facilities in stages or significantly improve the traffic capacity through improvement because they cannot meet the needs of traffic volume and load. Usually, regional highway maintenance agencies or provincial highway maintenance agencies organize the implementation or bidding according to the approved planning and design budget.
Highway maintenance is divided into four categories according to its engineering nature, scale and technical complexity: minor maintenance, medium maintenance, overhaul and improvement. Specifically, it is divided into: (1) minor repair and maintenance works: preventive maintenance and repair are carried out on the slightly damaged parts of the highway and all its engineering facilities to keep them in good condition.
Usually, it is the daily work arranged by the maintenance class on a monthly basis (ten days) within the fixed amount of funds for minor repairs and maintenance for one year. (2) Medium-repair works: small-scale works that regularly repair and reinforce the general wear and local damage of highway engineering facilities to restore the original state.
Usually by the grass-roots highway maintenance agencies according to the annual (quarterly) plan. (3) Overhaul project is a project to comprehensively repair the major damage of highway facilities in a specified period, so that they can completely return to the original design standards, or make local improvements and individual additions within the original technical level, and gradually improve the highway capacity.
Usually, with the help of grass-roots highway maintenance organizations or their superior organizations, it is organized and implemented according to the approved annual planned project budget. (4) Improvement projects refer to large-scale projects that improve the technical level of highways and their engineering facilities in stages or significantly improve the traffic capacity through improvement because they cannot meet the needs of traffic volume and load.
Usually, regional highway maintenance agencies or provincial highway maintenance agencies organize the implementation or bidding according to the approved planning and design budget.
6. Ask for an article to learn from the maintenance of large-scale road maintenance machinery.
Maintenance can be roughly divided into three parts: 1, one part is daily technical maintenance, that is, the operator can reasonably keep, regularly repair and correctly operate the machine during use, which can prolong the service life of the machine and improve the use effect of the machine; 2. The other part is periodic technical maintenance, that is, the maintenance content that the operator's own conditions and means can't solve, such as the repair or replacement of the main parts of the machine, the medium repair and overhaul after a certain period of use, and the detection and adjustment. Be sure to go to the maintenance point designated by the specialized manufacturer and ask professionals to repair it.
3. Finally, the technical maintenance of long-term parking. Because pavers are different from other machines, especially in Qinghai, they are basically parked in winter, so they should be maintained. Paver is a specialized production tool with high technical content and relatively complex structure. General working conditions are relatively harsh, and the technical level and professional knowledge quality of operators are quite different.
In the process of use, due to the gradual wear of moving parts of various parts and the influence of various external operating conditions, the mechanisms and parts of various parts will inevitably become naturally loose and mechanically damaged to varying degrees, which will lead to the deterioration of the power and economy of the paver, reduce the safety and reliability of parts, lead to unexpected mechanical failures and affect the service life of the paver. Therefore, in order to improve the service life and reduce the occurrence of mechanical failures, maintenance work should be done well.
Therefore, in the use and management of pavers, maintenance is essential. The gearbox is one of the important transmission parts of the wheel loader, which is responsible for transmitting speed and torque from the engine to the final transmission system, changing the transmission ratio between the engine and the wheels, realizing the forward and backward gear operation of the loader, and cutting off the power transmitted to the walking device when the engine is running, so as to meet the needs of the loader's operation and driving and facilitate the safe start and stop of the engine.
However, in the working process of loader, the failure rate of gearbox caused by improper use and maintenance remains high, especially the failure to strictly abide by the maintenance procedures and timely inspection and daily maintenance will accelerate the formation of gearbox damage and failure, and even expand the harmfulness of failure consequences. 1. The purpose of preventive maintenance 1, through tracking and checking the operation of the loader, stop the machine in a planned way, and make arrangements for the maintenance and repair of the gearbox.
2, to prevent the main mechanical failure and related parts from being damaged, and to carry out maintenance before the failure occurs, so as to save a lot of maintenance costs. 3, make the whole machine parts have a long service life, improve the efficiency of the equipment and maintain good working performance.
4. Reduce the maintenance difficulty and workload. Second, the wheel loader 1 gearbox common faults and reasons, when it is in gear, it can't be put into gear smoothly.
The reasons are: (1) The pressure of the pressure valve is too low; (2) The hydraulic pump is not working normally and the seal is not good; (3) The hydraulic pipeline is blocked; (4) The clutch sealing ring is damaged and leaked; (5) The shift valve stem is not in place. 2. When the gearbox changes speed, the gear cannot be disengaged.
The reasons are as follows: (1) The piston ring swells to death; (2) The clutch friction plate is burnt out; (3) Failure or damage of the clutch return spring; (4) The oil return pipe is blocked. The gear is on, but the loader is too weak to walk.
The reasons are: (1) the friction plate is seriously worn and the gap is too large; (2) The clutch automatic emptying valve is not tightly sealed, which makes the pressure drop; (3) The shift control valve pipeline is blocked; (4) The cut-off valve cannot be returned; (5) The positioning spring of the speed change valve is fatigued or broken, and the steel ball jumps; (6) The clutch piston ring and sealing ring are seriously worn and leaked. 4. The working pressure is too low.
The reasons are: (1) insufficient oil in the transmission oil pan; (2) Oil leakage in the main oil passage; (3) The gearbox filter is blocked; (4) The steering pump (or hydraulic pump) is damaged and the internal leakage is serious; (5) Improper pressure adjustment of the gearbox pressure regulating valve; (6) The shift pressure valve spring is invalid or broken. 5. The gearbox is automatically disengaged or engaged.
The reasons are as follows: (1) The positioning device of the shift control valve is out of order, which is mainly caused by serious wear of the positioning steel ball or spring failure; (2) Due to the long-term use of the gear lever, the position and length of the lever have changed, and the proportion of the lever is inaccurate, which makes the operating position deviate and causes dislocation. Iii. How to carry out the preventive maintenance of gearbox 1? According to JB/Z 194-83, combined with the actual maintenance, the following provisions should be observed: (1) Daily maintenance: check the oil level in the low oil shell; (2)50 hours (or weekly): check whether the variable speed control lever is flexible and effective; (3)250 hours (only after the first 250 hours of work): clean the transmission oil pan and transmission oil filter element; (4)500 hours: clean the oil pan filter and replace the gearbox oil; (5)2000 hours: disassembly, inspection and maintenance of gearbox and torque converter.
2. Hydraulic transmission oil is the energy carrier for gearbox to work normally. In the hydraulic transmission system, the pressure, temperature and flow of working fluid all determine whether the gearbox can work normally. Therefore, in the daily maintenance of gearbox, special attention should be paid to the inspection and replacement of hydraulic transmission oil. (1) Changing the oil at the correct time interval and at the fixed oil change interval is the key to make the working life of the parts in the gearbox longest.
Only by ensuring a reasonable oil change interval can the lubricating and protective characteristics of lubricating oil be brought into play. Generally, it should be based on the maintenance cycle recommended by the whole machine manufacturer, but this can only be relative, and the actual working situation can only be known by combining the results of oil sample sampling and analysis.
For example, the maintenance manual requires that the oil change interval of the gearbox is 500 h. According to the operation of the loader, we sample and analyze the oil samples every 250h or 100h to decide when to change the oil. However, the lubricating oil should be changed immediately when it reaches 1000 h. In addition to replacing the new oil regularly, if it is found that the oil is deteriorated or mixed with impurities during the usual inspection, it should be cleaned and replaced.
(2) When the oil is drained by the correct oil draining and oil changing methods, the oil temperature should reach 40~50℃, and the oil is drained under the condition of stirring, so as to drain the dirty oil as thoroughly as possible; When refueling, use a tanker with a filter to refuel. (3) The transmission system uses the correct oil, and the lubricating oil used in the gearbox must meet the specifications.
It should be noted that because of the diesel engine, it is not possible to add diesel engine oil to the gearbox.