Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge belongs to Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, which is the only species of this genus. It is a special product in China, with white flowers in spring, lasting for more than 2 days, large inflorescences and dense flowers, which are very beautiful against the green leaves. It is a precious ornamental and oil-bearing tree species in China, and it is suitable for planting in lawns, roadsides, rockeries or around buildings. It is also suitable for large-scale greening and afforestation in mountainous areas and scenic spots around reservoirs. Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge is a deciduous shrub or tree, which is a positive tree species. It has strong adaptability, can grow in hills, hillsides, gravel, clay and yellow soil, and is resistant to light saline-alkali, cold and freezing at-4℃. Not tolerant of waterlogging.
The propagation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge is mainly based on sowing, and it can also be divided into plants and rooted to raise seedlings.
sowing and seedling raising: generally, it is taken after the fruit is ripe in autumn, and the seeds are sown immediately after being taken out; It can also be stored in wet sand layer for winter and sown in early spring of the following year, and the germination rate is generally 8% to 9%. Sowing mulch is 2 to 3 cm thick. It is advisable to shade slightly in the seedling stage and prevent lodging in the rainy season. Annual seedlings are 3 cm to 5 cm high. Fertilization and irrigation should be adapted during tending, but excessive soil moisture should be prevented from causing root rot. 2-3-year-old seedlings should be pruned to form a good tree shape; 4-to 5-year-old seedlings can be planted in the nursery. The ability of root healing is poor, and it is easy to cause root rot after injury, which affects the survival. We should pay full attention to protect the root system when transplanting to improve the survival rate.
Seedling raising by individual plants: The survival rate is also very high by digging out the sprouting seedlings at the roots of strong trees and transplanting them separately.
root sowing and seedling raising: dig out some roots with the thickness of more than .3 cm from the strong mother tree, cut them into 15 cm root segments, insert them into the soil, and pour them into the soil with the top 2 to 3 cm below the surface.
The cultivation and management of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge is very simple, and there are few pests and diseases. Generally, spring irrigation and moisture conservation should be combined with fertilization before flowering in early spring, and proper irrigation after flowering can reduce fruit drop. Winter irrigation should be carried out before freezing, and drainage should be carried out in rainy season to prevent root rot. Prune the over-dense branches properly, so that the crown is ventilated and transparent, and the fruit yield is improved.
Two-year-old seedlings should be selected for potted plants, and then watered with water and topdressing. The annual branches of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge are very weak, and it is easy to shape and circle branches. When the lateral branches are about 4 cm long, thinning is carried out, and 4 to 5 lateral roots are left to circle branches; In the future, three lateral branches will be selected as the backbone to be fixed, and they will be re-cut once a year in spring, leaving two branches as long branches and one branch as a reserve branch, which will be updated and pruned in turn year by year. After autumn, the branches will be retracted, dwarfed and shaped to promote flowering and fruiting.
2.1 cultivate fine varieties and strong seedlings
raise seedlings for sowing! Tillering propagation is the main method, and sowing propagation is often used in production. In autumn, fully mature seeds are collected, and the seeds are treated by low-temperature stratification with 3-5 times of wet sand. Before the soil is frozen, they are buried in the outdoor stratification pit, and the seeds are sown in autumn in the spring of the following year. The seeds are sown directly without treatment. The seedling bed is 1.2m wide, with decomposed soil and miscellaneous fertilizers as the base fertilizer, with row spacing of 3cm and plant spacing of 8-12cm, and the soil is covered with 3cm after sowing. Fertilize Water, etc., to promote the healthy growth of seedlings "seedlings in the summer or the second year of spring bud grafting" selection results early! How strong! High oil yield! Excellent varieties or excellent single plants with strong resistance to stress should be grafted by budding! T-shaped bud grafting method, cultivate improved varieties and strong seedlings "grafted seedlings can be out of the garden for 1 ~ 2 years."
2.2 Garden selection
Slight alkaline soil with deep soil, moist and fertile soil, good ventilation, no stagnant water, good drainage and irrigation conditions and pH value of 7.5~8. should be selected for intensive management according to economic forest standards.
2.3 Planting
When planting, the plant spacing is 2m~3m, and the specifications for digging holes are generally 6~8cm square. When digging holes, the topsoil! The heart and soil should be separated, and at the same time, about 7kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied to each hole, ammonium bicarbonate! .5~1.kg of calcium superphosphate can be planted in spring and autumn. Spring is planted after thawing and before germination, and autumn is planted after defoliation and before freezing. "Proper shallow planting depth of 1~2cm can improve the survival rate and the growth of new shoots." The root neck is a sensitive area. If it is buried below 2cm, it is easy to cause rhizome rot.
2.4 management
shaping and pruning: before germination, the stem should be fixed in time, the height of which is about 8cm, and 3~4 branches with strong growth at the top should be selected, and the rest should be pruned or cut off, which mainly includes sprouting! Except Meng! Pick your heart! Pruning (thinning the branches that are too dense in the bore! Remove the upright branches in the upper part of the crown)! Twisting branches (twisting branches of upright branches with strong growth) "Winter pruning is mainly about pruning backbone branches and all kinds of fruiting branches, and thinning out dense branches! Overlapping branches! Cross branches! Weak branches, pests and diseases, etc., promote early fruit bearing, high and stable yield, and improve the yield and quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.
fertilizer and water management: topdressing is usually carried out 3~4 times a year, and the period is before germination! During the post-flowering and fruit expansion period, "basal fertilizer is applied in combination with deep ploughing and soil improvement every autumn, generally in the first half of October, and 2~3kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer is applied to 667m2, combined with compound fertilizer and trace element fertilizer, and compound fertilizer is .5~1.5kg per plant depending on the age of the tree" combined with fertilization and irrigation, and attention should be paid to waterlogging prevention! Drainage "removes impurities and reclaims wild resources with promising cultivation prospects, and adopts flat stubble!" We should carry out transformation in various ways, such as heavy cutting and high grafting, and gradually introduce and replant improved seedlings to improve the yield and quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolia forest.