The basic methods of shaping and pruning sugar oranges are cutting short, draining, retracting, pulling branches, wiping buds and removing stones.

1. Shortcut

Short cut, also known as short cut, is usually to cut off the unfinished part at the front end of the annual branch of Tangju 1-2, and keep the full and stout part at the back end.

Cutting plays an important role in the growth and fruiting of sugar oranges. Short cuttings can stimulate 2-3 buds below the cuttings to germinate strong branches, promote branching and be beneficial to the vegetative growth of trees. Short cutting can adjust the contradiction between growth and fruiting, and play a role in balancing tree potential. Shortening vegetative branches can reduce the flower amount in the second year; Shortening weak branches can promote the development of strong new branches; Shortening fruiting branches can reduce the amount of fruiting in the current year and promote the development of vegetative branches. When cutting short, you can adjust the direction and strength of branches by choosing the force of cutting buds. Short cutting can also improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the crown and enhance the three-dimensional fruiting ability.

According to the different cutting degree of sugar orange branches, shortcuts are divided into the following categories:

(1), light chopping In the process of shaping and pruning sugar oranges, the whole branch of 1/3 is cut off, which is called light chopping. After the branches of sugar orange are slightly chopped, more new shoots are produced, but the growth potential of the branches is weak and the growth amount is small.

(2) Moderate short cutting In the process of shaping and pruning sugar oranges, the whole branch of 1/2 is cut off, which is called moderate short cutting. Sugar orange branches are moderately chopped, leaving more full buds, and the amount of new shoots sprouting is moderate.

(3) Severe short cut In the process of shaping and pruning sugar oranges, more than 2/3 of the whole branches are cut off, which is called severe short cut. After strict cutting, the whole buds with top advantage are removed from the branches of sugar oranges. Although there are few new shoots, they grow and branch quickly.

Pay attention to the growth direction of the cut bud, the distance between the cut and the bud and the direction of the cut. Usually, when the plane is 0. When the side opposite to the bud direction is cut at an angle of-45 at 5cm above the bud, the branch section of the cut bud will be too high, too low, too flat, too oblique or in the wrong direction, which will affect the future growth.

delete

Thinning, also called thinning, is a pruning method to cut off the branches of 1-2 years old from the base, and its function is to regulate the growth potential of each branch. Thinning the annual branches of tangerine 1-2; Cutting, the principle of which is to remove the weak and retain the strong, and to keep it secret and sparse, mainly removes the cross branches, overlapping branches, twigs, clustered branches, pests and diseases branches and collapsed branches on sugar orange trees. Because thinning reduces the number of branches, improves the light and nutrient supply of remaining branches, and can promote their growth. Grow sturdily, blossom more and bear more fruits.

retract

Retraction, also called shrinkage shearing, is a shortcut. It mainly retracts and prunes the top of the perennial branches (or branches) of sugar oranges. It is often used for shaping and pruning adult sugar oranges and aging sugar oranges with declining top branches or dense inside the crown to update the crown branches. After the top senescence branch group is retracted, it can improve the light condition inside the crown, promote the emergence of strong seedlings at the base, enrich the inner chamber, restore the tree vigor and increase flowering and fruiting. Retracting and pruning an adult or aged sugar orange is often related to the growth potential of the big branches to be cut and the strength of the cut branches left at the incision. The heavier the retraction, the stronger the germination and the greater the growth of cutting branches. After retraction and pruning, the regeneration effect of big branches is more obvious than that of small branches.

Pull branches

During the shaping of young sugar citrus reticulata, methods such as pulling rope, bamboo pole or wooden stick support, hanging branches with stones and other heavy objects, and plugging branches can be used to change the growth direction and trend of main branches and lateral branches of plants, so as to meet the shaping requirements of azimuth and included angle of big branches, and then adjust the distribution and growth trend of main branches. This method of shaping is called pulling branches. Branching is an effective method to cultivate backbone branches such as main branches and lateral branches in citrus reticulata plastic surgery of young sugar.

5. wipe the bud and put the tip.

Based on the characteristics of multiple buds of sugar orange, when the summer and autumn buds of sugar orange germinate to 1-2cm long, the buds that do not meet the needs of growth and fruiting are erased, which is called bud wiping. Because the buds of sugar orange are compound buds, erasing the scattered early sprouting main buds can stimulate the germination of secondary buds and other nearby buds and extract more new buds. After repeated bud smearing several times, bud smearing is not stopped until the normal bud picking time, so that many buds germinate and sprout at the same time, which is called bud releasing.

The summer and autumn buds released by young trees after many times of bud smearing germinate neatly, making the crown branches and leaves compact. For the fruit-bearing tree of sugar orange, summer branches can be smeared to reduce the phenomenon of a large number of fruit drop caused by the competition between summer branches and young fruits for nutrients. Concentrated release of shoots is beneficial to control diseases and pests such as canker and liriomyza sativae, and timely release can also prevent shoots from sprouting in late autumn. It is suggested that (1) when new buds sprout 1-2cm, they must be erased in time. If the new shoots are too long, it will not only increase the nutrient loss and delay the release time of the new shoots, but also cause greater trauma, which will eventually delay the germination of the new shoots, reduce the quality of the new shoots, or make the new shoots grow unevenly after release. (2) Buding and bamboo shoots should be carried out when the trees are growing well, and must be combined with fertilization and irrigation to get good results. Generally speaking, it is required to apply decomposed organic liquid fertilizer before bud smearing or 15-20 days, and fully irrigate to make the released new buds neat and robust.

Pick your heart

Before the new shoots stop growing, according to the required length of shaping, the shoots at the top of the new shoots are cut off and the required length is kept. This operation method is called coring. By coring the young sweet orange, it can inhibit the prolonged growth of branches, promote the full maturity of branches, make use of the early maturity of buds and the characteristics of multiple branches in one year, promote the early germination of lateral buds, draw strong lateral branches, accelerate the formation of crown and put into production as soon as possible. Cored treatment can also reduce the height of branches, increase the number and number of branches, and make the tree plump and compact.