(1) The seedlings should be quarantined, disinfected and packaged immediately after they leave the nursery. It is best to use local materials for packaging materials, which are cheap, light and elastic, and can absorb a lot of water to keep humidity, but will not get moldy and hot soon, such as cattail bags and straw bags. The filler can be broken straw, broken glume, sawdust, moss, etc. The binding material can be straw rope or hemp rope. When packaging, the roots of big seedlings can face one side, and the roots are wrapped with grass curtains and filled with fillers to keep them moist; Seedlings can be placed by roots and wrapped with wet straw ropes. The number of plants in each package can be determined according to the size of seedlings. 50 ~ 100 seedlings per package, and 25 ~ 50 plastic seedlings per package in the nursery. The seedlings should be labeled after packaging, indicating the species, varieties, quantity and grade.

(2) The seedlings should be planted in the nursery in late autumn or early winter. If they can't be planted in time and can't be shipped out in time, short-term heel entry must be carried out before freezing. If it needs to be shipped abroad or planted in the next spring, it needs to be wintered or stored in the heel. Short-term follow-up can dig shallow ditches, bury roots in the ground and fill them with wet soil. In winter, you should choose a place with flat terrain, leeward and no stagnant water to dig trenches and puncture. In places with strong wind or low temperature in winter, wind barriers should be set up. The root of the ditch is about 50 cm deep and 1 m wide, and its length depends on the number of seedlings. The heel in the ditch should be north-south. Before transplanting, remove the leaves from the seedlings to avoid mildew. When following in, first put the seedling tip into the ditch obliquely to the south, and bury the seedling root with soil. The coverage depth of grafted seedlings is about 1/3 of the height of seedlings, and it is more than 70 cm in cold areas. Smaller rootstock seedlings can be buried with sand to prevent seedling tips from drying up. At the same time, we should also pay attention to prevent the harm of rats and rabbits. If the soil is dry, you should properly water the ditch. When the heel is covered with soil, it should be layered to make the root closely connected with the soil to avoid ventilation or freezing the root. At the heel, each variety should be marked; The spacing between varieties should be 30 ~ 50 cm to prevent mixing. When the number of seedlings is large, the heel in the seedling map should also be drawn.

The content of this paper comes from: China Agricultural Publishing House, the observation and research data of China ecosystem positioning.