2. Growth habit: Pistacia vera likes the light, growing in the sunny mountain area at an altitude of 600- 1200m, with deep calcareous soil, well-drained loose sandy loam growing well, and plants are not resistant to moisture and afraid of water accumulation.
3. Orchard location: Although pistachio is barren-resistant, drought-resistant, cold-resistant and adaptable, it is planted in loam and sandy loam plots with deep soil layers and good ventilation. Because pistachios are easily affected by late frost, we should pay attention to choosing the middle part of hillside, open land, valley and south hillside to build gardens, not on the windward side of the main wind direction.
4. Seedling planting: The spacing between pistachios should be 3m× 4m or 4m× 5m, and 33-55 plants should be planted per mu. The close planting garden can plant 83- 1 1 plant per mu, and the finished seedlings and sprouts can be used for fixed planting seedlings. Before planting, dig a planting pit with a depth of 60 cm and a diameter of 60 cm. When planting, the roots should be flush with the ground, stabilize the soil while planting, and then water and irrigate.
5. Fertilizer and water management: scientifically fertilize young trees. Apply base fertilizer 1 time every year, and apply about 20kg per plant. 2-3 years 1 time. Fertilization is generally divided into three times a year, and the second time should be in early spring or autumn and winter, mainly with available nitrogen fertilizer. The second time, during the fruit expansion period, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer were mainly applied. The third time, after the fruit is harvested, compost, manure and other organic fertilizers are mainly used, usually combined with deep ploughing in autumn. Timely irrigation and winter irrigation before winter are better.
6. Plastic pruning: Pistachio nuts like light and have strong dryness. In high-density cultivation orchards, it is mainly free spindle, while in low-density cultivation orchards, it is mainly nature and happiness. The variety is free spindle-shaped, characterized by the central trunk, and the main branches of 10- 15 are scattered in different parts of the central trunk, and the main branches keep 80-90 degrees with the trunk, and small and medium-sized fruit branches are directly planted on the main branches; The second is natural happiness, which is characterized by good ventilation and light transmission, and the stem height is about 40-50 cm. Select 3-4 main branches on the trunk with a base angle of 45-75 degrees, and 2-4 side branches, and the side branches are equipped with branch groups. Pistachio branches are thick, and the principle of pruning is more thinning and less cutting. Pistacia vera mainly bears short fruit branches, and young trees and fruit trees grow vigorously in the early stage of fruit production, with more medium-long fruit branches. Generally, when the new shoots grow to about 50-60 cm, they should be picked in time to promote the development of secondary branches, increase fruit branches, keep back branches and upright branches, and twist the new shoots in time, which can generally be formed in the winter of the second year after planting.
7. Flower and fruit management: strengthen the comprehensive management of orchards, enhance tree vigor, promote flower bud differentiation, and apply more organic fertilizers; Rational allocation of pollination trees. Pistachios are not self-flowering. Generally, 1 row pollination varieties are arranged every two rows, which creates conditions for normal pollination of pistachio and is conducive to improving fruit setting rate.