Cherry from China is widely distributed in China, with Liaoning in the north, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in the south and Gansu and Xinjiang in the west, but mostly in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing and Hebei. Most plants in the cold regions of Northeast and Northwest China are Prunus tomentosa.

In addition, there are three big and sweet European cherries imported from Liaoning and Yantai. But the history is relatively short, only over a hundred years.

Second, the cultivation techniques

1, seedlings out of the nursery.

Generally, seedlings should be taken out of the nursery after defoliation and before soil freezing, and the root system should be kept intact as far as possible. First, the diseased seedlings and grafted inactive seedlings were eliminated, then the inactive seedlings were grafted according to the height and thickness of the stem, and then graded according to the height and thickness of the stem and the development degree of the root system. For local garden construction, it can be planted directly. For the garden to be built in the next spring, you can choose the leeward place where there is no water, dig the heel in a ditch about 1 m deep, put the seedlings in obliquely, and then raise the heel at the height of 2/3 of the seedlings.

The seedlings packed and transported abroad can be tied into 1 bundle every 50- 100 plants according to the grade, and the roots are wrapped with wet straw bags to prevent the roots from losing water. Then attach a label to each bundle of seedlings, indicating the variety, specification and quantity, and then deliver them to the outside world.

2. Fertilization problem

Cherry trees grow rapidly with obvious and concentrated development stages. The growth of branches and leaves, flowering and fruit setting are concentrated in the first half of the growing season, and flower bud differentiation is mostly completed in a short time after fruit picking. It takes about 50 days for China cherry to blossom and harvest, and about 60 days for sweet (big) cherry. Therefore, fertilization should be carried out as early as possible according to the characteristics of cherries, and special attention should be paid to base fertilizer, flower fertilizer and post-fruit fertilizer. Generally speaking, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be less, the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be larger, and the amount of organic fertilizer should be more.

3. Fertilization time

Base fertilizer should be applied early in autumn, no later than 1 1. Can apply ring fertilizer, human and animal urine, soil miscellaneous fertilizer. Apply 30 ~ 60 kg of human and animal manure or ring fertilizer 100 kg to young trees and trees at the first fruit stage; Adult trees should be applied with 60 ~ 80 kg of human and animal manure or 200 kg of manure.

Topdressing time is before flowering or the first 1 rapid growth period of fruit, and available nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, which can improve the fruit setting rate, promote the growth of new shoots and leaf hypertrophy, and lay a good foundation for flower bud differentiation. If 1 ~ 2 times of 0.5% urea is sprayed on the leaves at the initial flowering stage, and 0.5% boron fertilizer or 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added, the fruit setting rate can be improved.

Topdressing after fruit picking can improve the nutrient storage of trees and promote flower bud differentiation. After the fruit is picked, the fruit tree changes from the stage of nutrient consumption of flowering and fruiting, and branches and leaves spreading to the stage of nutrient accumulation, and begins to enter the qualitative stage of flower bud differentiation. Therefore, the types of supplementary fertilizers are mainly quick-acting fertilizers, such as decomposed human excrement and urine, bean cakes and chemical fertilizers. The amount of fertilization can be determined according to the age of the tree, the size of the crown and the number of fruits. Generally, 60-80kg of decomposed human excrement, 2.5-3kg of decomposed bean cake, 0.5kg of ammonium sulfate/kloc-0, or 0.5- 1 kg of urea are applied to each plant. You can also spray it on the leaves.

4. Pay attention to fertilization

Cherry trees are characterized by rapid growth. The growth, flowering and fruiting of branches and leaves are concentrated in the first half of the growing season. During this period, we should grow and bear many fruits. Trees consume a lot of nutrients, and flower bud differentiation is mostly completed in a short time after fruit picking. Therefore, fertilization of cherry trees has the following characteristics:

(1) Pay attention to topdressing in the early stage. Cherry needs only 40~60 days from flowering to fruit ripening, which requires concentrated nutrition. Therefore, in fertilization management, in addition to applying base fertilizer in autumn, topdressing should be carried out before germination and early fruit development, with available nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer for the first time and NPK compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for fruit trees for the second time.

(2) Pay attention to fertilization after harvest. After the fruit is harvested, in order to enhance the nutrient accumulation of the tree and promote the flower bud differentiation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be applied topdressing.

(3) Apply sufficient base fertilizer. It should be applied in early autumn. Generally, from September to 65438+ 10 every year, 2000~5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer (ring fertilizer, soil mixed fertilizer, human and animal manure) is applied every 667 square meters.

(4) Topdressing outside the roots. Spraying mixed solution of 0.3% urea, 0. 1~0.2% borax and 0.2~0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at full flowering stage has good yield-increasing effect.

(5) Fertilization method. The vertical roots of cherry trees are underdeveloped, and the roots are shallower than the soil, but the horizontal roots are developed. In order to reduce the damage of root system, it can be applied centrally in radial ditch during the growth period.

Cherry has been cultivated in China for more than 3000 years. Cherry seeds were found in the tombs of Warring States Period excavated in 1965, and were scientifically identified as China cherries.

Cherry, as a courtyard, was widely planted all over the world, and it was not expanded to commercial cultivation until the middle of this century. Today, Russia, Germany, the United States and Italy produce the most cherries, occupying almost the entire international market.

Reference source Baidu Encyclopedia Cherry Tree