Cultivation techniques of peach trees:

Cultivate seedlings

As an rootstock seedling, when the height of the seedling is 25 ~ 30 cm, the core is removed to strengthen the seedling, and by the end of summer and early autumn, the required thickness of the rootstock can be reached. Transplanting should be done after defoliation in early spring or autumn. Small seedlings can be transplanted with bare roots or mud, and large seedlings need to be transplanted with soil balls. Big seedlings need shaping and pruning to form a skeleton. Peaches generally integrate natural cup-shaped crowns and natural happy crowns.

Trim the crown

After transplanting the annual grafted seedlings, leave the trunk 1 m high, cut off the top, and leave strong buds on the cut buds. Keep pulling out new branches below 1 m, and you can choose to be the main branch. Generally, the new branches 30 ~ 40cm above the ground are left as the first main branches; 20-30cm above the first main branch, selecting a new branch as the second main branch; At 1 m, the new branch extracted from the kerf bud is the third main branch. The three main branches should be evenly distributed around the trunk, and it is best not to rotate. When pruning in summer, the upright branches, sprouting branches and sprouting rootstocks on the main branches should be removed to avoid affecting the growth and early formation of the main branches. The following winter, the main branches were cut short, and strong buds were left in the cut buds to cultivate the main branches and extended branches. In addition, select and leave suitable side branches on each main branch. It should be noted that the side branches at the same level stay in the same direction, so as not to cross each other and affect the tree shape and ventilation.

Cultivation of natural happy crown: after transplanting the annual grafted seedlings, the stems should be fixed at 40 ~ 60cm. Generally, three main branches (a few of them have four or five main branches) are selected in the shaping belt above the fixed stem height, and the distribution of the main branches should be uniform, keeping about 45 degrees from the central stem. Remove all remaining branches. In the winter of the following year, the main branch was shortened by 30 to 50 cm to prepare for the promotion of side branches. Other branches, branches sprouting on the trunk and buds on the rootstock should also be removed. This forms a natural and happy crown shape.

plant

The plant spacing is 4m×5m or 3m×4m, and 500 ~ 840 plants are planted per hectare. The planting period can be from defoliation to germination. Taoyuan cannot be continuously cropped, otherwise the young trees will obviously weaken, the leaves will lose their green color, the new roots will turn brown and the branches will flow with glue. This phenomenon is more serious in sandy soil or upper soil with low fertility.

Fertilize soil or land

The requirement ratio of peach to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1 0.5 1. Young trees should pay attention to controlling the application of nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive growth. After the full fruit stage, nitrogen fertilizer was added to enhance the tree vigor. The content of potassium in peach fruit is 3.2 times that of nitrogen. If potassium fertilizer is applied, the fruit will be large and the yield will be high. Results The tree was fertilized three times a year: from June10 to June 1 1 basal fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 50% of the annual fertilization; From late April to May, strong fruit fertilizer was applied during fruit hard core stage, and potassium fertilizer was mainly applied to early-maturing varieties. The application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for middle and late-maturing varieties accounted for 15% to 20%, 20% to 30% and 40% respectively. Fruit picking fertilizer is applied before and after fruit picking, accounting for 15% ~ 20% of the whole year. In addition, the peach garden should be cultivated regularly to weed, keep the soil loose, and drain water in time to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots.

model

Make it more natural and happy. The stem is about 60 cm high, leaving 3 ~ 4 main branches, and the opening angle of the main branches is 50 ~ 60. Each main branch should leave 1 to 2 auxiliary branches, and the branchlets on the main branch and auxiliary branches should be as few as possible. Pruning period includes winter pruning and summer pruning. Although the first-bearing trees (3-4 years after planting) have borne fruit, they grow vigorously with many white branches and dense branches. It is necessary to take summer pruning measures such as wiping buds, pinching branches and twisting branches to suppress the strong and help the weak and maintain the balance of trees. At the full fruit stage, the tree vigor slowed down, the number of long branches and secondary branches decreased obviously, while the proportion of medium and short branches increased. Therefore, short branches should be given priority to, and the top branches and strong branches should be deleted to improve the lighting conditions between branches. Need to update weak branches in time.