1. What does it mean to engage in ancient Chinese

Engage

1. To act; to do things.

"Poetry? Xiaoya? Turn of October": "Things are done hard, but dare not ask for help."

Han Banbiao's "Ode to the Northern Expedition": "The master is engaged in work." , if there is etiquette, it will come."

Song Su Shi's "On the Four Things in Response to the Imperial Edict": "When I see Xining, the world is engaged in new laws."

< p> Section 2, Chapter 5, Part 4, "General History of China" by Fan Wenlan, Cai Meibiao and others: "Zhang Zong led the province in Nanjing (Kaifeng) with his servants San Kui, so he could do it at a low cost."

2. Participate in the work (something); commit to (something).

"The Analects of Confucius? Taibo": "In the past, my friend was engaged in this."

"Guoyu? Qiyu": "When the rain comes, take his gun, He mows, plows, and plows, and works in the fields at dawn and dusk. "Lu Yuan Cong Hua? Dreams? Annotations on Su Shi" by Qian Yong of the Qing Dynasty: "Reporting to return to his hometown, he engaged in Su Shi." This theory is used to prove the falsehoods of Wang, Shi, and Cha."

Lao She's "How I Write": "When the school starts, I concentrate on teaching, and I don't engage in teaching until the school is out for the winter and summer vacations. Writing. ”

3. Refers to office.

"Preface to the Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty: "The more he worked in the two prefectures of Bian and Xu, the more he traveled between the two states."

4. Dispose; deal with.

"Zuo Zhuan? The Eleventh Year of Ai Gong": "Zixu" admonished: 'The more I am, the more I feel, the disease in my heart and my heart is also the same. If you want to seek relief, it is better to engage in it as early as possible. '"

"Han Shu? Wang Mang's Biography": "If someone dares to violate the law, he will engage in military law."

Jin Dynasty. Ge Hong's "Baopuzi? Judgment": "Anyone who holds a position and violates public law shall be dealt with according to law."

Volume 21 of "Er Mo Pai Case Surprise": "The emotions are the same, that is, If you engage in military affairs, you will be immediately obedient."

5. Follow and serve.

Zhang Yi﹞When he grew up, he worked as Ye Gong." 6. You Zhouxuan.

Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty's "Crocodile Essay": "The governor selects skilled officials and people, uses strong bows and poisonous arrows to engage with crocodiles, and will kill them all before stopping. He has no regrets!"

"History of the Jin Dynasty? Foreign Biography? Goryeo": "If there is an invasion, organize your ranks and engage in it."

Xu Wei of the Ming Dynasty's "Biography of Bai Mu": "If your mother and Yi's wife are not As a woman, today you have to recruit tens of thousands of people to fight against the bandits of Fujian, Yue, and Dongyi."

Volume 7 of "Shengwu Ji" written by Wei Yuan of the Qing Dynasty: "Then young and strong disciples were recruited. Thousands of people are here to work with the bandit seedlings, to attack them, and to trim their borders."

7. Official name.

After the Han Dynasty, the three princes and the governors of prefectures and counties all set up their own staff, and they were mostly known as engaged in work.

"Book of Han? Biography of Bingji": "After losing his official position, he returned to the state to work."

Qing Hou Fangyu's "General Chen Erhe Ji": "He worked as Liu Zi Said: '...if those who raise cranes are moved to raise scholars, our army will be revitalized.'"

8. The title of the general of the Red Eyebrow Peasant Rebellion Army.

"Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Biography of Liu Penzi": "Ten thousand people are divided into one camp, and every thirty camps have three elders and one person in each camp."

"Zi Zhitong" Jian? The first year of Jianwu of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty": "Fan Chong and others set up a mandala in Zhengbei to worship King Yangjing in the city, and all the three elders and officials held a meeting."

Hu Sansheng's note: "Red Eyebrows" The most respected of all the commanders is called San Lao, and the second one is engaged in work."

--Chinese Dictionary 2. What does "gong" mean in classical Chinese?

What does "gong" mean in classical Chinese?

1. Good at (poetry, calligraphy and painting, etc.); such as calligraphy and painting.

2. The sentences are neat and tidy; they are correct; (poetry) well done. Such as poor poetry and then work.

3. Female workers (female red); such as women’s virtue: virtue refers to work (merit).

4. Gongchi (music term);

5. Craftsman; such as Baigong.

. . . . ..

"Gong" is explained in classical Chinese as:

1) (pictogram. The shape of oracle bone characters, like the shape of tools. "Gong" and "Ju" (rectangular) have the same character in ancient times , there are "rules", that is, holding tools. Original meaning: craftsman's ruler)

2) Same as the original meaning

3) Craftsman; worker. In ancient times, it was a general term for workers engaged in various skills; in modern times, it is a general term for workers and the working class

4) Another example: miners; temporary workers; worker-peasant alliance; workers and miners (people engaged in crafts in ancient times) < /p>

(5) In ancient times, it specifically refers to music officials or musicians 6) Another example: Gong Shi (musician); Gong Gu (ancient music officer)

(7) In ancient times, it specifically refers to female workers< /p>

8) Officials; ministries

9) Another example: the lobby of the Ministry of Industry (the Minister of the Ministry of Industry. Lobby: a complimentary title for the chiefs of the central departments, departments, and departments in the Ming and Qing Dynasties) ; Gongzheng (ancient official name.

In charge of crafts); Gongshi (official name in ancient times. In charge of hundreds of crafts); Gongguan (official name in Zhou rites. Belongs to the Winter Palace. In the Han Dynasty, responsible for crafts, equipment, weapons manufacturing, etc.); Gongyin (official name. In charge of hundreds of crafts and Government-run handicrafts)

10) Kungfu; technology [skill]. Such as: Gongxi Pavilion (a pavilion with meticulous paintings); Gongji (techniques and techniques); Gongyong (skills and use); Gongji (the body and posture of opera actors during performances); workmanship; singing work

(11) Construction site; workplace [building; post]. Such as: construction site; work shed

(12) Engineering [engineering]. Such as: work (project); work essentials (important aspects of the project); completion

(13) Industry [industry]. Such as: industry and commerce; industrial products; industrial machinery (referring to the textile industry in ancient times)

(14) Work; productive labor [work; productive labor]. Such as: work; go to work; work and food (wage; food expenses); work and money (wage paid by the employer); ICBC (wages, wages, wages, wages. They are all remuneration for work and labor)

(15) Amount of work. Such as: working hours

(16) Working day, the amount of labor per person in a normal working day, a unit composed of an assumed average working day [manday]. For example: This project requires two thousand workers

(17) Used after a person's surname as the abbreviation of "engineer" [engineer]. Such as: Zhang Gong, Li Gong

(18) The traditional music notation symbol is equivalent to the "3" in simplified musical notation. [note of musical scale]. Such as: Gongchipu

(19) Tong "Gong"

(20) Tong "Gong, Gong"

21) Work, merit [feat; achievement]

If the teacher does not work, he will help lead the king's chariot. ——"Zhou Li·Chun Guan"

(22) Another example: Tiangong (great credit)

(23) Effect [result; effect]

This is how easy it is to get a job with a lot of money. ——"Han Feizi·Five beetles"

24 Exquisite, exquisite 25 Another example: Gongqi (exquisite and peculiar); Gongjie (proficient and agile); Gongkai (neat regular script); Gongqi (exquisite) Gorgeous)

Gong 26

Good at; good at 27 Another example: work at scheming; work at calligraphy and painting 3. What does "persistence" mean in classical Chinese

Zhi

(On the right is a person with handcuffed hands. Original meaning: arrest; capture)

Same as the original meaning

Zhi, arresting the criminal. ——"Shuowen"

And the wives and concubines hold on. ——"Book of Rites·Tan ??Gong". Note: "Juye."

The envoy Zhilian Yin. ——"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Act with caution". Note: "Prisoner."

Then he attacked Yu, destroyed him, and held Yu Gong in charge. ——"Zuo Zhuan: The Fifth Year of Duke Xi"

He was taken to the south gate. ——Qing Dynasty Quan Zuwang's "Plum Blossom Ridge"

Another example: zhiming (asking for life; asking for life); zhijing (capturing life and interrogating); zhiprio (arresting and imprisoning); Question (detention and interrogation); jail (prison; trial case)

Take; hold

To hold, use scalper's leather. ——"Yi·Dun"

The king's ride. ——"Book of Rites Shaoyi". Note: "Holding the bridle."

Holding the bridle to compete with the King of Martial Arts. ——"Poem·Zhou Song·Zhi Jing". Note: "To hold on, to hold on."

Hold on zhí

① Take; hold.

②Master; maintain.

③Supervisor; in charge.

④Select.

⑤Control; control.

⑥Execute.

Be dedicated and determined.

Friends who share the same goals.

Adhere to the principle of justice, be impartial and impartial, and do nothing too little or too little. Take a middle-of-the-road approach.

Referring to an ancient etiquette during funerals, funeral guests must pull the ropes that pull the hearse.

Practice holding books and chanting. Industry, book version.

Observe etiquette and etiquette.

Implementation

① Put policies, laws, plans, etc. into practice.

②Legal terms. Activities carried out by public security organs to achieve legally effective judgments and rulings. That is, the defendant in a criminal case is punished and the parties who bear civil liability are ordered to perform their obligations.

Stubborn and stubborn.

A license is a certificate issued by the relevant administrative agency that allows you to work in a certain industry. Such as: construction license; driving license.

Obstinate and stubborn.

Stick to your own opinions.

Executive zhí

①Arrest.

②Take; hold.

③Hold.

④ Host; take charge.

⑤Control; control.

⑥Manage; engage in.

⑦Execution; execution.

⑧Stubborn; persistent.

⑨Basis; follow.

⑩Judgment. 4. What does "人" mean in classical Chinese?

Particles 1. Used after adjectives, verbs or adjective phrases, or verb phrases to express people or things that have this attribute or do this action. Example: , old~, read~ 2. Used after a certain job or a certain doctrine to indicate a person who engages in a certain job or believes in a certain doctrine. Examples: literary and artistic work~, communistism~ 3. Used in (written language) After numerals or locative words, it refers to the things mentioned above. Example:, two ~ must be one of them. 4. (written language) Used after words, phrases, and clauses to express pause. 5. Used at the end of a sentence to express hope. or commanding tone (mostly seen in early vernacular). Example: Be careful on the road ~ pronoun demonstrative pronoun, "this" (mostly seen in early vernacular). Example: fan, edge Common meanings Note: The bold example sentences are from primary and secondary school Chinese textbooks Example pronouns 1. Same as modern Chinese interpretation particles 1 Example: ① The people close to the fortress are good at skills. - "A blessing in disguise" ② Who is the king who plans this? ——"Hongmen Banquet" ③No one showed any interest after that. ——"Peach Blossom Spring" ④The person who looks bright but profound is Langya. ——"The Drunkard Pavilion" ⑤There is a further statement that the person who asked Chang'an Lord to be a hostage is Lao The woman will spit in his face! ——" Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Queen Mother of Zhao" 2. Used after a noun, equivalent to "person of." Example: ① The Foolish Old Man of Beishan, who is ninety years old, lives facing the mountain. ——"The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain" ② The city has become famous Those who do things like a child.——Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Promoting Weaving" ③Treat the king as the elder——"Tang Ju Fulfills His Mission" 3. Used after the word "time" to mean "the time of." Example: ① In ancient times, the world was the main subject, and the king was the guest. - "Records of Visits to the Ming Yi" ② Today, Xiang Zhuang draws his sword and dances, and his meaning is always with Pei Gong. - "Hongmen Banquet" 4. Place it after the numerals, Refers to several people or things mentioned above. Example: ① Or it is different from the two, why? ——"The Story of Yueyang Tower" ②These are the dangers of using troops. 5.. The reasons for... are as follows: ①However, being able to defeat Shao and using the weak to become strong is not just a matter of natural timing, but also a human plan. ② And those who live in Anling for fifty miles are only because Mr. You is here. 6. Judgment sentences such as: Zhuge Kongming is Wolong. Particle 1. Used in hypothetical complex sentences or causal complex sentences to indicate a pause to prompt the following. Example: ① The reason why I leave my relatives to serve the emperor is because I admire the emperor's high righteousness. - "Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" ② Those generals and officials who dare to say that they should welcome Cao are the same as this case! ——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" 2. Placed at the end of a question sentence to express a question. Example: Who? It can also be divided into upper and lower. 3. To form some kind of phrase with words like "ruo", or used alone to express comparison, which is equivalent to ".like" or ".like". Example: ①Looking at it, there is no sense. A person with extraordinary abilities.——Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty, "The Donkey of Guizhou" ②In other words, the appearance seems to be very similar.——Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" 4. Put it after the subject to draw out the judgment. It forms "the person" .

The structure of "ye". Example: Chen Shengzhe, a native of Yangcheng. - "Historical Records·Chen She Family" Uncommon/uncertain meaning 1. (uncertain) particle, placed in a hypothetical complex sentence , expresses a hypothesis, which is equivalent to "if." ③No, if they belong to both, they will be captured. 2. (Uncertain) is placed at the end of the statement to indicate the end of the statement. Example: ①Send him to Hukou, because he can watch the so-called stone bell. ②The first minister's solution to the ox At that time, all I saw was cattle. 3. (Uncommon meaning) Tong "ye": ---- "Han Feizi·Eight Classics": "There is no seriousness in the work...the official is also selfless." "Shuoyuan·Zheng" "Ye Li": "There are no gentlemen in Lu, so how can you choose this?" They all use the meaning of "Zhe", and it can be seen that "Zhe" and "Ye" can be used interchangeably in ancient books. 5. What does "Ba" mean in classical Chinese

(1)

"Ba": The shape of the seal script comes from the hand, and the sound of "Ba" comes from the hand. Phonetic.

Original meaning: to seize, to take: to ask the sky for wine | to speak joyfully to the cup | to grasp.

Daoba ⑤ quantifier: to produce a handful of force | A handful of rice ⑥ preposition, and will be equivalent: to understand the words

Pretext: placed after the quantifier hundred, thousand, ten thousand and other numerals to express a rough estimate: feet Hands high | Hands a month | Hundreds of two

(2)

The shape of the word "Bar" (Wu Ba) comes from the hand, and the sound is domineering. Phonetic. The homophone is borrowed, simplified to "ba".

Original meaning: The part of an utensil that is easy to hold: Knife handle | Seal handle

Re-note: The handle of a flower, leaf or fruit: Flower handle | Pear handle 6. Line in There are several meanings in classical Chinese

The word "行" has 3 meanings in classical Chinese, as follows:

1. Source: "The Analects of Confucius" by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period "The Analects of Confucius" "Three people must have something" I am a teacher. Line: walking.

Vernacular interpretation: There must be something worth learning from other people’s words and deeds.

2. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty's "Come Back and Come Back" with Preface expresses my feelings about my journey in life. OK: Will.

Vernacular definition: lamenting that one's life is coming to an end.

3. Pre-Qin Xunzi's "Encouragement to Learning" states that one should know clearly and act without fault. Line: behavior.

Vernacular interpretation: Then he will be wise and reasonable and his behavior will be faultless.

Xing pinyin: háng, xíng

Definition:

Xing háng

1. Rows and columns: between the lines. List in rows.

2. The second younger brother among brothers and sisters; ranking: I am the second brother, which one is yours?

3. Walking array.

4. Quantifier. Used for things that form a line: two lines of tears.

5. Certain business offices: banks. Flower row. Trading firm.

6. Industry: peers. All walks of life.

7. Use long stitches to connect them in rows: rows of cotton-padded jackets. Make a few stitches.

行xíng

1. Walk: walk. walk. travel. whereabouts. Those who travel a hundred miles are half ninety. Flowing clouds and flowing water (a metaphor for nature and not being rigid). Travel far and near.

2. For traveling: luggage. Make a suitcase. luggage.

3. Circulation, delivery: marketing. All the rage.

4. Engage in: carry out.

5. Liquid, temporary: doing business. Camp.

6. Behaviors that are sufficient to express quality: behavior. conduct. words and deeds. conduct. Action comes from thinking.

7. Do it practically: salute. Practice medicine. Writing.

8. Yes: You can’t do it without studying.

9. Competent: You are really capable.

10. About to: Graduation is about to happen.

11. In ancient times, it refers to the basic elements of matter.

12. A genre of ancient poetry: long song line.

13. A type of Chinese character font: running script.

14. Surname.

Extended information

Chinese character strokes:

Related word groups:

1. To proceed [jìn xíng]

Forward.

2. Luggage [xíng li]

The suitcases, bedding, etc. that are brought when traveling.

3. Pedestrian [xíng rén]

A person walking on the road.

4. No [bù xíng]

Not allowed; not allowed.

5. Behavior [xíng wéi]

Activities controlled by thoughts. 7. What does karma mean in classical Chinese

①Career; merit. "Shishi Biao": "The late emperor had not even started his business, but the middle path collapsed."

②Profession; duty. "Peach Blossom Spring": "Wuling people make fishing their profession."

③Study. "Preface to the Gift of Ma Sheng in Dongyang": "If one's work is not refined, one's virtues are not perfect, and if one's nature is not low, then one's mind is not as good as my ears."

④Industry. "Yuan Jun": "I am starting a business for my descendants."

⑤Engage. "Words from the Mandarin Seller": "My business has been around for many years."

⑥ Already. "Huang Sheng Borrowed Books": "If the property belongs to me, it will be bundled high and hidden."

⑦ Sin. "Young China Theory": "What caused today's big China is the unjust karma of China's old age."

Karma is the source of trouble; the thing that causes trouble.

Already.

Karma is a Buddhist term that means sin. 8. What does "人" mean in classical Chinese?

Particles

1. Used after adjectives, verbs or adjective phrases, or verb phrases to indicate having this attribute or doing this action person or thing.

Examples: Qiang~, Lao~, Du~

2. Used after a certain job or a certain doctrine to indicate a person who engages in a certain job or believes in a certain doctrine.

Examples: Literary work~, Communistism~

3. (written language) used after numerals or locative words to refer to the things mentioned above.

Example: The first ~ and the second ~ must be one of them

4. (written language) Used after words, phrases, and clauses to express a pause.

5. Used at the end of a sentence to express hope or command (mostly seen in early vernacular).

Example: Be careful on the road~

Pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun, "this" (mostly seen in early vernacular).

Examples: ~fan, ~bian

Common meanings

Note: The bold examples are examples from primary and secondary school Chinese textbooks

Pronouns

1. Same as modern Chinese explanation particle 1

Example: ① A person close to the fortress has good skills.

——"A blessing in disguise"

②Who is the king who planned this? ——"Hongmen Banquet"

③No one cared about it afterwards. ——"Peach Blossom Spring"

④The one who looks bright but profound is Langya. ——"The Drunken Old Man's Pavilion"

⑤ If there is a reply that asks the Lord of Chang'an to be a hostage, the old woman will spit in his face! ——" Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Empress Dowager Zhao"

2. Used after a noun, it is equivalent to "a person of"

Example: ① Beishan Foolish Old Man, ninety years old , living facing the mountains. ——"The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain"

②There are those who become famous in the city, and they have a boyish career. ——Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Promoting Weaving"

③Treat the king as the elder - "Tang Ju fulfills his mission"

3. Used after the word for time, Indicates "when..."

Example: ①In ancient times, the world was the master and the king was the guest. ——"Records of Interviews with Foreigners in the Ming Dynasty"

② Today, Xiangzhuang draws his sword and dances, and his meaning is always in Peigong. ——"Hongmen Banquet"

4. Placed after numerals to refer to several people or things above.

Example: ① It may be different from the two, why? ——"The Story of Yueyang Tower"

②This number is the danger of using troops.

5. ....... Reasons

For example: ① Ran Cao Sui can defeat Shao and make the weak into the strong. This is not just a matter of natural timing, but also a human plan.

② Those who live in Anling for fifty miles are only because Mr. You is there

6. Judgment sentences

For example: Zhuge Kongming is also a Crouching Dragon. .

Particle

1. Used in hypothetical complex sentences or causal complex sentences to indicate a pause to prompt the following.

Example: ① The reason why a minister visits relatives to serve the emperor is because he admires the emperor's high righteousness. ——"The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru"

② Those generals and officials who dare to say that they should welcome Cao are the same as this case! ——"Zizhi Tongjian"

2. Placed at the end of a question sentence to express doubt.

Example: Who? It is divided into upper and lower.

3. Form a certain phrase with the word "ruo", or use it alone to express comparison, which is equivalent to "..like", "..like".

Example: ①Those who come and go and see that they have no special abilities. ——Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty, "The Donkey of Guizhou"

②In other words, the appearance seems very sad. ——Pu Songling, Qing Dynasty, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Promoting Weaving"

4. Place it after the subject to elicit judgment. It constitutes the structure of "Zhe. Ye".

Example: Chen Shengzhe was from Yangcheng. ——"Historical Records·Chen She Family"

Uncommon/uncertain meaning

1. (uncertain) particle, placed in a hypothetical complex sentence, expresses a hypothesis, equivalent to "if. .", ".

Example: ① If you enter, you will be helpless, and if you leave, you will be invincible to foreign patients, and the country will be destroyed.

②Those who try their best but fail to achieve it can have no regrets.

③ If not, everyone will be captured.

2. (Uncertain) is placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate the end of the statement.

Example: ① Send him to Hukou so that he can observe the so-called stone bell.

②When the first minister untied the cow, he saw nothing but cows.

3. (Uncommon meaning) Tong "ye": ---- "Han Feizi·Eight Classics": "There is no seriousness in taking care of things...and selflessness in being an official." "Shuo Yuan·Zheng Ye Li" ": "There are no gentlemen in Lu, so how can we choose this?" They are also interpreted as "zhe", and it can be seen that "zhe" and "ye" can be used interchangeably in ancient books.