If treated with rooting agent, the rooting effect is more ideal.
mulberry
Mulberry germplasm collected and preserved in China belongs to 3 varieties of 15 mulberry species, which is the country with the largest number of mulberry species in the world. Among them, the cultivated varieties are mulberry, white mulberry, Guangdong mulberry and Mizuho mulberry. Wild mulberry species include long spike mulberry, long fruit mulberry, black mulberry, China mulberry, fine tooth mulberry, Mongolian mulberry, mountain mulberry, Sichuan mulberry, Tang ghost mulberry, Yunnan mulberry and chicken mulberry; The varieties are ghost mulberry (Mongolian mulberry variety), big leaf mulberry (white mulberry variety) and drooping mulberry (white mulberry variety).
China is the first country in the world to plant mulberry and sericulture, and it is also one of the great contributions of the Chinese nation to human civilization. Mulberry has been cultivated for more than 7000 years. In Shang Dynasty, characters such as mulberry, silkworm, silk and silks appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. By the Zhou Dynasty, mulberry picking and sericulture had become an ordinary farm work. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, mulberry trees were planted in pieces.
Mulberry belongs to Morus of Moraceae and is a deciduous tree. Mulberry leaves are oval, which is the feed for silkworms. The working people in our country have improved mulberry trees and cultivated many varieties with high yield and high quality. Our ancestors used layering propagation method very early, which opened up a new way for cultivating improved mulberry seedlings. Cultivation techniques such as intercropping mung beans, soybean as green manure, silkworm excrement as mulberry and mulberry cutting have played a good role in promoting the development of sericulture production.
Distribution of origin
Originated in central China, it has a cultivation history of about 4,000 years, and its cultivation range is very wide, from northeast to south of Harbin. Northwest from southern Inner Mongolia to Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Shaanxi; South to Guangdong and Guangxi, east to Taiwan Province Province; West to Sichuan and Yunnan; The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the most cultivated. The vertical distribution is mostly below the altitude 1200m.
morphological character
Deciduous trees, altitude 16 m, DBH altitude 1 m. The crown is obovate. The leaves are ovoid or broadly ovoid, the apex is pointed or gradually shortened, the base is round or heart-shaped, and the serrations are obtuse. The leaves of young trees are often very shallow and deep, and there is no hair on them. The hairs are sparsely distributed along the veins below, and the hairs are clustered in the axils of leaves. Chrysanthemum fruit (mulberry) is purple-black, red or white, juicy and sweet. Flowering in April; Fruit ripens from May to July.
Growth habit
Like light, it has strong adaptability to climate and soil. Cold resistance, low temperature of -40℃, drought resistance, water and humidity resistance. It can also grow in a warm and humid environment. I like deep, loose and fertile soil and can tolerate mild salt (0.2%). Resistant to wind, smoke and toxic gases. Developed root system, fast growth, strong germination, pruning resistance and long life, which can generally reach hundreds of years. Individuals can last for thousands of years.
Garden use
Mulberry has full crown, dense branches and leaves, golden autumn leaves, strong adaptability and easy management, and is a pioneer tree species in urban greening. It should be planted as a shade tree alone, or with shade-loving shrubs to arrange tree altars and bushes, or with other tree species to plant landscape forests. If it can attract birds, it should form a natural landscape of birds and flowers. Residents' new villages, factories, mines and green spaces can all be used, and they are the main tree species for rural greening.
Dye use
Mulberry branches and bark are natural plant dyes, and dyes are used in branches and bark.
The dyeing of mulberry leaves is very close to the color of silk cloth and cotton cloth, and can be dyed khaki, in which the colors of aluminum and tin media are slightly brighter. Yellow-brown, with a gray yellow taste.
The dyeing of mulberry branches and leaves has opened up new channels for the development of mulberry industry and provided new raw materials for the dyeing of natural plants.
Breeding and cultivation
Sowing, cutting, rooting and grafting are all acceptable. According to the use, it can be cultivated into Gao Qian, middle stem, low stem and other forms, and the oval crown with high height and wide width is generally used in gardens.
Mulberry breeding
(1) Mulberry seedling planting method
1, planting mode
Before planting, use phosphate fertilizer and yellow mud to slurry the roots to improve the survival rate. The flat border is planted in sloping land and semi-arid paddy field, and it is planted in paddy field by pulling wires according to the above specifications. After planting, the soil will be turned into green stems, and after practical use, foot water will be sprayed.
Step 2 Spray water and drain water
In case of drought after planting, water should be sprayed in time to drain the waterlogging and replenish the missing seedlings in time.
3. Fertilization and weeding
When the new shoots grow to 3-4 inches high, apply fertilizer for the first time, and apply manure water+urea 7- 10 kg per mu; When it grows to 5-6 inches high, apply the second fertilizer in combination with weeding. Apply 500- 1000 kg farmyard manure +40 kg compound fertilizer +20 kg urea per mu, and the fertilizer should be 3 inches away from the mulberry seedlings to avoid burning. Ditches should be deeply planted in the soil. After the second fertilization, dry land herbicides such as Henestol can be sprayed once, but be careful not to spray mulberry seedlings; Apply fertilizer for the third time every 20 days, and apply bio-organic fertilizer 100 kg+urea 40 kg per mu. After applying this fertilizer, spray dimethoate+dichlorvos again. The concentration is a bucket of water, 2 bottles of dimethoate and 2 bottles of dichlorvos, which are put in a backpack sprayer. Do not spray other pesticides to avoid silkworm poisoning.
(2) Mulberry branch propagation method
In addition to planting mulberry seedlings, mulberry branches can also be used for reproduction, as shown below:
1. Land selection and soil preparation: It is best to choose dry land with fertile soil and no waterlogging, and plough and rake it flat.
2. Branch selection and planting method
Mature branches with a root length of about 1 m should be selected, and the best planting time should be during the winter cutting in April 38+February and June to improve the survival rate. There are vertical and horizontal planting methods.
① Vertical method: Cut the mulberry branches into 5 inches (3-4 buds), arrange the branches vertically (buds up) after ditching, bury the branches or expose a bud, compact the soil, drench it with water, keep it moist for 20 days, cover it with full film, and uncover the film after budding.
(2) Horizontal burying method: This is a new technology, which is most suitable for seedless improved varieties. After leveling the land, ditch about 65,438+0.5 inches deep according to the specifications, then cut it into two branches about 2 feet long horizontally (put two branches to ensure the number of germination) and return it to the soil about 0.8 inches, lightly press it, then sprinkle water, cover it and uncover the film after germination.
3. Management after implantation
After the buds grow 5 inches high, combined with weeding, apply 300-400 kg of farmyard manure +65438+ 05 kg of urea thinly per mu. Apply it again after 20 days, with 60 kg of compound fertilizer and 30 kg of urea per mu, and then carry out pest control after fertilization.
(3) direct seeding and interplanting into gardens
This is a new technology that can quickly garden and improve economic benefits. Specific measures are as follows:
1. Pre-sowing preparation: choose a good land with loose soil and easy to be broken. After ploughing, open the drainage ditch, mark it according to the line width of 2. 1-2.4 feet, apply decomposed organic fertilizer along the line, turn it evenly with the soil, and level the ground.
2. Sowing method: Sowing in February-March is the most suitable. First, the 3-inch-wide soil along the mulberry line is fully broken and watered, then mulberry seeds are sown along the mulberry line, and the sowing amount is 2-3 Liang per mu (3-6 seeds are sown every 3 inches). The seeds are thinly covered with a layer of mud powder, and finally covered with grass and watered. Intercropping cash crops such as soybeans, peanuts and vegetables between rows (not too close to mulberry seedlings) can be carried out at the same time as sowing, or in advance appropriately, so as not to affect the growth of mulberry trees.
3. Management: Pay attention to watering at seedling stage after sowing, weed, fertilize and kill insects in time, and fertilize in time after harvesting in intercropping crops, so that silkworms can be raised as soon as possible. In order to grow trees, we don't cut them in summer, but cut them at a height of about 1.5 feet above the ground in winter, and apply winter fertilizer once per mu (row spacing is 2. 1-2.4 feet, and plant spacing is 4-5 inches).