English name: Dahlia, Dahlia Garden.
Family name: Compositae Compositae
Dahlia, also known as Dahlia, Tianzhu Peony, Sweet Potato Flower, Dali Flower, Passion Flower and Chrysanthemum, is a perennial herb in Compositae. Chrysanthemums are in full bloom in Ao Shuang, but dahlias are different. It blooms in spring and summer, blooms again in Xia Hou and withers in the first frost. Its flowers are similar to the beautiful peony in that country, and the colors are magnificent and colorful, which makes people fondle it. Dahlia is the national flower of Mexico, the city flower of Seattle, the provincial flower of Jilin Province and the city flower of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. Colorful dahlias symbolize generosity, abundance and good luck. Today, its footprints have spread all over the world, becoming a frequent visitor in gardens and a world-famous ornamental flower.
Dahlia is easy to propagate and can be planted, cut and divided into roots. It likes sunshine and loose fertile soil with good drainage. When grafted in buds, colorful Dali and Dahlia can be produced.
Dahlia is suitable for planting in flower beds, flower diameters or in front of courtyards, and short varieties can be potted. Flowers are used to make cut flowers, flower baskets, garlands and so on. Root tuber contains inulin, which is similar to medical glucose. The whole plant can be used as medicine, and has the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Ornamental plants are widely planted in gardens all over China. It is usually propagated or planted with tuberous roots, and it can also be planted. 2, 3, triangle flower triangle flower, also known as bougainvillea, bougainvillea, bougainvillea, belongs to the genus fenugreek of Jasminum. The bracts of triangular flowers are as big, beautiful and bright as flowers. When the bracts are colorful, it gives people a feeling of unrestrained enthusiasm. Now it has become a famous flowering potted plant in the world.
Triangular flowers are native to tropical areas of South America. Since/kloc-0 was discovered at the end of August, it was not until/kloc-0 was introduced and cultivated in Britain in the 1920s that it gradually gained attention and developed rapidly. Because of the cold climate in Europe, they are all cultivated as flowering potted plants, which are widely used in indoor balconies, windowsills and public places. So far, Stokes Tropical Plant Company and Hermite International Company in the United States, Agrex Agricultural Company and Goya Nursery in Israel, Menvan Company in the Netherlands and AusPacific Plant Company in Australia are all production and breeding enterprises of triangular flowers in the world. In recent years, companies have supplied new varieties to the market. In particular, varieties such as natural dwarf, variegated leaves and double petals provide germplasm conditions for potted flowers.
Bougainvillea has not been cultivated in China for a long time. Introduced in the 1950s, it is only cultivated in greenhouses in botanical gardens of southern provinces and northern cities. It was not until 1980s that it was opened in Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian and other places, and it was gradually used for potted ornamental and mass production.
Morphological characteristics and varieties Triangle flower is a kind of woody vine shrub with curved thorns. Leaves alternate, entire, ovoid, stipitate, dark green and fluffy. The flowers are located in three big red bracts, which are very small, and the three flowers cluster into yellow-green. Common varieties are lavender, white bracts and double petals. The wrinkled leaves are scarlet and the bracts are red. Golden California plantagenet with pale yellow bracts. Cherry red, bracts rose red, double, white to light green in the center of the flower. Ruby, short, with many flowers and CrimsonJewel bracts. Red algae with crimson bracts. Jamaican white with white bracts and pale green veins. LavenderQueen, with large bracts and lavender leaves. Manila hemp with pink bracts and double petals. MaryPalmer has red and white bracts. Milflores, bracts purplish red, double. Mrs. Bart, with crimson bracts. Orange with orange bracts. Rosette, bracts rose red. Prunus Tahiti, pink bracts, double.
The same ornamental species is beech with triangular bracts. Its cultivated varieties include Elizabeth Dusay, Lateriatalam, Salmon and Variegata, with light gray-green leaves and wide gray-white spots.
Biological characteristics bougainvillea is native to South America and Brazil. I like a warm, humid and sunny environment. Not cold-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, afraid of drying.
The optimum growth temperature of bougainvillea is 15 ~ 30℃, 19 ~ 24℃ from May to September, and 13 ~ 16℃ from September to May next year. It can withstand the high temperature of 35℃ in summer, and its growth is not affected. In winter, the temperature should not be lower than 7℃, and flowering should be above 15℃. Leaves below 3℃ are vulnerable to freezing injury.
Bougainvillea needs a lot of water, especially in midsummer, the water supply is insufficient, and it is easy to produce deciduous leaves, which directly affects the normal growth of plants or delays flowering. Water in time in summer and flowering period, and water can be reduced appropriately after flowering. If the soil is too wet, it will cause root rot.
Triangular flowers are photophobic plants, such as insufficient light or lunar light, weak growth of new branches and dim leaves. Triangle flowers can bloom continuously under sufficient sunshine and have bright colors.
Fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam is the most suitable soil. Mixed soil of humus soil, culture soil and coarse sand for potted plants.
Common propagation methods include cutting, layering, grafting and tissue culture.
Cutting propagation: in June-July after flowering, cut mature lignified branches with a length of 20 cm, insert them into sand bed or spray bed, and take root after 30 days at the temperature of 2 1 ~ 27℃. Too low temperature, slow rooting and low survival rate. Soaking the base of cuttings 15 seconds with 0.8% indoleacetic acid has a remarkable rooting effect.
Layered propagation: June-July. It is mainly used for cutting varieties with difficulty in rooting, and generally adopts high-altitude layering method. Girdling with the width of 1.5 cm from the top1.5 cm, covering with humus, and wrapping with plastic film, it can heal and take root in about 2 months, and potted in autumn.
Grafting propagation: potted plants or bonsai are often used for viewing. When the temperature is above 15℃ in spring, 3-4-year-old common bougainvillea is used as rootstock, and excellent varieties such as double petals are selected as cuttings, which are 5-10 cm long, and propagation is carried out by split grafting or branch grafting. 40 ~ 50 days after grafting, it can heal and sprout new buds.
Tissue culture and propagation: axillary buds were used as explants, and after routine disinfection, they were inoculated on MS medium containing 6- benzylamino adenine 2mg/L and NAA 0.2 mg/L. After 60-70 days, the adventitious buds were transferred to MS medium containing NAA 0.5mg/L, and adventitious roots were induced in 15-20 days. Generally, it takes about 4 to 5 months from inoculation to seedling formation.
Pots of 15 ~ 18 cm are commonly used for the cultivation and management of potted triangular flowers, and 3 cuttings can be inserted into each pot. Fertilize 1 time every half month during the growth period or use "Hui You" 15- 15-30 special fertilizer for potted flowers. The coring time depends on the flower supply time. Those listed in March should be capped in the middle of 65438+1October last year, those listed in April in the middle of165438+1October, those listed in May in the middle of 65438+February, and those listed in June in the middle of 65438+1October. After flowering, it is necessary to trim and shape, cut off dead branches, dense branches and tops, and promote more new branches. About 5 ~ 6 years, it needs to be shortened or renewed.
Pest control is often harmful to leaf spot, and it is sprayed with 600 times of 65% zineb wettable powder. Sometimes, the basin soil is too wet or the drainage is not smooth, which is prone to root rot. Pay attention to the looseness and ventilation of the basin soil. Insect pests do great harm to moths and scale insects, and 2.5% triadimefon EC is sprayed 5000 times.
Postpartum bougainvillea potted plants were placed at the entrance of porches, courtyards and halls, and the bright colors were red and green, which suddenly filled the room with brightness and was very lively. In the south, it is often used as a cover or climbing material for slopes and fences, which is floating and elegant and particularly moving. Potted bougainvillea is sensitive to ethylene during storage. Spraying 0.5 mmol/L silver thiosulfate solution on plants before listing on Sunday is helpful to reduce the phenomenon of flower falling.
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Bougainvillea has large bracts, bright colors like flowers and long flowering period, which is suitable for planting or potted viewing. It can also be used for bonsai, hedges and pruning. 4, 5, Qionghua Morphological characteristics Qionghua is a deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub of Caprifoliaceae. Semi-evergreen shrub. The branches are widely distributed and the crown is spherical. The leaves are opposite, oval or oval, with fine teeth on the edge and sparse stellate hairs on the back. The inflorescence is surrounded by large white sterile flowers with fertile flowers in the middle. Drupe oval, the first red consequences. Flowers bloom in April. The fruiting period is 65438+1October-165438+1October. It blooms in April and May, and the flowers are as big as plates and as white as jade. Cymes are born at the ends of branches, surrounded by eight sterile flowers developed from sepals, with bisexual flowers in the middle. The fruits in June 10 and June 165438+ 10 are bright red, attracting birds. Geographical distribution Qionghua originated in China and distributed in Sichuan, Gansu, Jiangsu, Henan, southern Shandong and other places. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei and other places are semi-negative tree species in warm temperate zone. Cold-resistant, adaptable to general soil, born in wet and fertile places. Strong growth, strong germination ability and tillering ability, seeds have the habit of germination every other year. The name of Qionghua originally refers to beautiful flowers. Qionghua is also written as Qionghua. In ancient Chinese, "flower" means "flower", and the so-called Qionghua means beautiful jade. Later generations generally regard Qionghua's flower language as beautiful, romantic and perfect love. Qionghua is the flower of Yangzhou. Since ancient times, there has been a reputation of "repairing a flower, there is no similar in the four seas". Qionghua is a famous flower unique to China, which was cultivated in Tang Dynasty according to literature. Qionghua, with its elegant charm and unique charm, as well as various legendary and romantic legends and anecdotes, has won the love of the world and the endless appreciation of literati, and is called a rare exotic flower and "China's unique fairy flower". From 65438 to 0998, the Standing Committee of Yangzhou Municipal People's Congress passed the decision that Qionghua was chosen as the flower of Yangzhou by the general public, and held two sessions of "China Yangzhou Qionghua Art Festival", which received great response. Qionghua's westward journey. Qionghua, as the flower of Yangzhou, is well deserved. Of course, the most famous flower in Yangzhou is Qionghua. Qionghua is famous for its lush foliage and flawless whiteness. According to historical legend, Yang Di ordered the Grand Canal to be built in order to appreciate the Qionghua in Yangzhou. When Ouyang Xiu was a magistrate, he praised Qionghua as the flower of chinese odyssey, and wrote "Wushuang Pavilion" in Qionghua Temple. Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty once moved Qionghua to Bianjing Imperial Garden, but it withered the next year and had to be returned to Yangzhou. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiaozong moved it to Lin 'an again, but suddenly it was gaunt and flowerless, so he had to move it to Yangzhou again. When Yuan soldiers attacked Yangzhou, Qionghua was completely destroyed. Yangzhou people have a soft spot for Qionghua. Although the original work is no longer there, people in Yangzhou regard a flower called Chrysanthemum Eight Immortals as Qionghua, which is carefully cultivated and cared for as a city flower. Nowadays, clusters of flowers as white as jade on the lakeshore are the gathering of the Eight Immortals, the Qionghua of Yangzhou, which is a "universal family".
Qionghua is a famous flower in China. In Song Dynasty, Zhang Wen described in Qionghua Fu: "Beauty is like jasmine, roses are like dust, daffodils are leisurely, and Jiang Mei is like elegance." Indeed, with its elegant charm and unique charm, as well as various romantic legends and fascinating anecdotes about Qionghua, Qionghua has won the love of the world and the endless appreciation of literati, and is known as a rare exotic flower and a "unique fairy flower in China".
In fact, the name Qionghua originally refers to a beautiful flower. Qionghua is also written as Qionghua. In ancient Chinese, "flower" means "flower", and the so-called Qionghua means beautiful jade. Later generations took Qionghua as the name of a specific flower, perhaps because they appreciated it as beautiful as Baoyu. As for when to be a specific plant name of a god, there is no definite theory at present, but it was called this way at the latest in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to the preface to the poem "Qionghua in Houtu Temple" by Wang Yucheng, a famous official and scholar in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, "There is a white and lovely flower in Houtu Temple in Yangzhou, and its tree is big and colorful. I don't know what kind of wood it is, but it is a beautiful flower with a vulgar taste. Because the form of poetry is different. " So the name Qionghua has been circulated among the people before Wang Yucheng narrated it. After Wang Yucheng, literati wrote more and more poems, and the more they wrote, the more strange they became. Han Qi wrote a poem praising: "There are no flowers of the same kind in the four seas." In Chang Lu's poem, he said: "All the trees in the East compete for flowers, and the westward journey is the only flower." Ouyang Xiu also wrote a poem praising: "Qionghua Peony has nothing to do with the world, even if I don't write a poem, I will complain about others;" "I was drunk in Wu Shuangting, and I knew I was worthy of Guangling Spring. It not only praises its beauty, but also emphasizes that Qionghua is unique to Yangzhou. Since then, Qionghua is not only famous in the world, but also closely related to the rise and fall of Yangzhou ancient city.