Cultivation and management techniques of pomegranate orchard (as a reference for potted plants) 1. Planting: Pomegranate can be planted all year round, but autumn or early spring is most suitable for planting. Autumn planting is better in the south and spring planting is suitable in the north. Before planting, the courtyard soil should be deeply ploughed and matured to remove impurities such as sand, stones and bricks, and replaced with fertile soil with a depth of about 50 cm. Before planting, dig a planting pit according to the planting point, with a depth of 40-60 cm and a width of 0.6-0.8 m. Apply 25-50 kg of organic fertilizer to the plants, mix it with the topsoil, backfill it and pour it into the soil. Strictly select high-quality seedlings with complete root system, thick trunk diameter, smooth stem and full bud eyes, cut off root-broken wounds, and the planting depth shall be based on the original soil marks on the root neck after compaction and flush with the surface, then water them in time, and cover the trees with plastic film after water seepage. 2. Soil, fertilizer and water management (1) Soil management: leave a tree tray with a diameter of 1 m under the tree. In areas where the soil temperature is too high in summer or in courtyards with hardened cement, trees can be used to cover organic matter (straw, chaff, sawdust, etc.). ), or trees can be used to grow grass (lawn) to achieve the purpose of cooling and moisturizing and promoting normal growth and development. Do not cover soil or plant grass, intertillage and weed the tree tray 3-4 times a year, and the intertillage depth is 5- 10 cm. ⑵ Fertilization: A small amount of fertilizer is applied to the tree tray once a month from May to July after the seedlings survive in that year, and decomposed manure 1-2 kg and a small amount of urea are applied to each plant. Dig an annular ditch before defoliation in autumn, and apply 20-30 kg of organic fertilizer to each plant. From the second year to the full fruit stage, base fertilizer is applied once a year in the ring ditch, compound fertilizer and decomposed manure are applied 3-4 times in the hole of the tree tray, and the amount of fertilizer is adjusted according to the yield. At the same time, attention should be paid to foliar topdressing in the growing season, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer in the middle and late stage, and the total concentration of fertilizer solution should not exceed 0.3%. Top dressing outside the roots can also be sprayed with biogas slurry or decomposed manure. ⑶ Irrigation and drainage: The key periods of pomegranate irrigation are germination, fruit expansion and defoliation. It is appropriate to keep the soil humidity at 60-80%, and it is mainly controlled flexibly according to the soil humidity in other periods. Pomegranate is drought-resistant but not waterlogging-tolerant, so drainage should be paid attention to during the growing season to prevent waterlogging caused by long-term water accumulation in soil and tree trays. 3, plastic trimming. Pomegranate plastic surgery Pomegranate trees like light. Garden pomegranate plastic surgery should not only consider the growth and fruiting characteristics of pomegranate, but also have certain ornamental value. Commonly used trees are mostly trees without trunk clusters or central trunk, mainly with "V" shape and natural humanoid shape. ⑴ "V" shape: It can be divided into trunk type and non-trunk type. Select two main branches from the ground (without trunk) or the trunk to extend symmetrically to both sides, and the included angle between the main branches and the ground is 45-55. There are 2-3 lateral branches on each main branch, the first lateral branch is about 60-70 cm away from the base of the main branch, the second lateral branch is opposite to the first lateral branch, and the three lateral branches are on the same side with the spacing of 50-60 cm. Rational allocation of fruiting branches on main branches and side branches. The key to plastic surgery is to make the main branches extend smoothly. That is to say, in the first 2-3 years after planting, the main branches should be cut short and heavy to promote the cutting of color buds to produce strong branches as extension branches. ⑵ Natural happiness: there is a trunk with a height of 60- 100 cm. Choose 3-4 main branches with reasonable directions, with an included angle of 90- 120 in the horizontal projection of the main branches and an included angle of 45-60 between the main branches and the trunk. The first lateral branch is 50-60 cm away from the main branch and 40 cm away from the first lateral branch. 2. Pruning: the principle of pomegranate pruning is: tangible immortality, intangible confusion, so that the upper part is sparse and the lower part is dense, the outer part is sparse and the inner part is dense, and the big branches are sparse and the small branches are dense, so as to ensure sufficient light in the canopy. Pruning in winter is mainly based on thinning and long planting, mainly thinning overlapping branches, dense branches, pest branches, flourishing branches and long branches, so as not to disturb the tree shape. In the growing season, the redundant sprouts are removed to reduce the consumption of nutrients by redundant branches and leaves. In the first 3-4 years after planting, plastic surgery is the main method. Starting from the third year, some auxiliary branches are circumcised to promote their flowering and fruiting. While promoting flowering and fruiting, the main fruiting tree should continue to improve the cultivation of backbone branches at all levels and the arrangement of fruiting branches. The mixed buds (flower buds) of pomegranate are planted at or near the top of the golden mean branch. Therefore, for these short branches, attention should be paid to retaining long branches and prohibiting short cutting to make use of the results. If there is room for strong branches and long branches, girdling, girdling or pulling branches should be carried out to slow down growth and promote flowering and fruiting; Branches that have not used space or have affected the trunk should be decisively sparse. In the full fruit stage, the fruiting branches should be retracted or renewed in turn, the drooping branches should be retracted appropriately, the robust branches should be used rationally, the weak branches should be thinned, and the dense branches should be kept, so as to maintain a good tree structure and delay senescence.