1) Nasal congestion is one of the common symptoms in otorhinolaryngology. The most common causes include rhinitis, deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps and sinusitis. Theoretically, nasal congestion can be solved by different treatments. 1. Acute rhinitis with nasal congestion develops rapidly, usually reaching its climax within a few days, and can subside by itself in a week or so, which may be accompanied by fever, dizziness and other systemic symptoms. Acute rhinitis is what we usually call a cold. 2. Chronic simple rhinitis is mostly paroxysmal or alternating, with light days and heavy nights, often affected by the position of receptors, and the nasal congestion is heavier when lying down. Nasal congestion can be improved for a long time after dropping nasal drops. 3. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is mostly persistent nasal congestion, which is insensitive to ephedrine and nasal drops, or appears shortly after nasal congestion is improved only a few minutes after use. Hypertrophic rhinitis can be treated by surgery when necessary, and the turbinate can also be reduced by microwave and laser. 4. Drug-induced rhinitis is usually caused by the use of ephedrine, which is characterized by insensitivity to nasal drops or short duration of nasal congestion improvement. At this time, it is necessary to stop using such drugs as soon as possible. 5. Allergic rhinitis is often accompanied by sneezing, runny nose, itchy nose and other symptoms, which can occur all year round or seasonally. Patients with allergic rhinitis can be accompanied by asthma, especially children. 6. Atrophic rhinitis may be accompanied by dryness of nasal mucosa, epistaxis and scabbing. 7. Nasal congestion of chronic sinusitis can lead to yellow nose, which may be accompanied by headache, dizziness and memory loss. And may cause a runny nose for a long time after a cold. Sinusitis can coexist with nasal polyps. 8. Nasal congestion of nasal polyps is mostly continuous and progressive, which can be unilateral or bilateral. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis may appear. 9. Nasal congestion caused by sinus cysts is mostly progressive, and symptoms of yellow watery secretions can appear in the nasal cavity. Dizziness will also occur. 10. Nasal congestion caused by paranasal sinus tumors is mostly progressive, unilateral or bilateral, and other complications may occur, such as nosebleeds at the same time. This requires us to be alert to the possibility of malignant tumors, such as deafness, neck mass and nasopharyngeal carcinoma with blood in the nasal secretions, but the diagnosis can only be made by hospital examination. 1 1. Nasal congestion caused by nasal septum deviation is mostly unilateral or bilateral, which is more common in young people. Most of them are persistent nasal congestion, which may have symptoms of sinusitis and may also be accompanied by other nasal diseases such as allergic rhinitis. 12. The nasal congestion in some patients may also be caused by the narrowing of nasal flap area and the collapse of nasal alar. 13. Congenital nasal congestion should be considered as posterior nostril atresia, children open their mouths to breathe, sleep snoring may be adenoid hypertrophy, unilateral nasal congestion or runny nose should pay attention to whether there are foreign bodies in the nasal cavity. 2) Here are a few family remedies for "nasal congestion": in cold winter, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large, and it is easy to catch a cold if you are not careful. If you don't keep warm in time after going out for exercise, or when you have a rest at work, you are also prone to stuffy nose and headache. Five kinds of family therapy for nasal congestion are introduced. 1. Frying and smoking method-take 1 shallots or 3-4 shallots (shallots). Drinking soup, sucking hot air with your nose, or boiling vinegar to suck vinegar gas, the curative effect is better. 2. stuffing method-use appropriate amount of scallion. Pour the juice into cotton wool and stuff it into the nostrils, or cut 1 garlic cloves into a cylinder slightly smaller than the nostrils, wrap them with thin cotton or gauze and stuff them into the nostrils. The effect is also good. 3. Side massage method-the left earplug lies to the right and the right nasal obstruction lies to the left. Press and knead bilateral Xiang Ying points 1-2 minutes with two fingers to clear the nasal congestion. 4. Hot compress method-apply a hot towel to the nose, or blow hot air on the nostrils with a hair dryer, and blow bilateral temples, Fengchi points, Dazhui points, and nasal congestion. 5. Replacement method-this method is suitable for babies. When the baby has a stuffy nose, he often cries. At this time, you can pick up the baby vertically and fall asleep safely soon. Rhinitis and sinusitis are common nasal diseases, which can be divided into acute and chronic diseases. Anatomically speaking, the nasal cavity is the ventilation cavity between the front and rear nostrils, and the inner surface of the nasal cavity is covered with nasal mucosa, and the inflammation of the nasal mucosa is rhinitis; Sinus is an air-containing cavity around the nasal cavity. There are four pairs of symmetry in the skull and facial bones, namely maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus and sphenoid sinus. Each accessory sinus has a sinus opening communicating with the nasal cavity, and the membrane of the nasal cavity and the mucosa in the accessory sinus are connected with each other through the sinus opening. What we usually call a cold, that is, stuffy nose, sneezing, runny nose and decreased sense of smell, are all manifestations of acute rhinitis. In acute rhinitis, if it is not treated properly, the inflammation of nasal mucosa can spread to the sinus through the opening of the sinus, causing acute inflammation of mucosa in the sinus, which is acute sinusitis. The main symptoms are stuffy nose, runny nose and headache. If acute rhinitis and acute sinusitis recur, chronic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis can eventually form. The symptom of chronic rhinitis is that the nose is stuffy or the two nostrils alternate with poor ventilation and runny nose. Chronic sinusitis often has a white glazed runny nose, yellow purulent runny nose after a cold, and decreased sense of smell. As mentioned above, rhinitis and sinusitis are closely related to the onset, but the clinical manifestations are different and the examination results are different. In terms of treatment, the main symptom of rhinitis is lack of ventilation. Therefore, to treat rhinitis, we should use membrane constrictor, such as 1% ephedrine or nasal drops, and add 0. 15% berberine or 0.5% chloramphenicol solution to diminish inflammation. The number of times of medication per day is subject to maintaining ventilation. If ventilation cannot be maintained after medication, surgical treatment such as turbinectomy or electrocautery is needed. Sinusitis is a purulent inflammation in the sinuses, mainly characterized by runny nose and headache. In addition to nasal mucosa constrictor, antibiotics should be used to eliminate bacterial infection in sinus during treatment. Chinese medicine also has a good therapeutic effect. Maxillary sinus puncture or radical sinus surgery is necessary.