China Garden Dog is a world famous dog. Chinese Garden Dog is a dog breed bred by natural selection and artificial selection in China for thousands or even tens of thousands of years.
It is said that this kind of dog was led by Qin Shihuang when he unified the Central Plains. In the Han nationality, people call it a "local dog", as the name implies, it is a local dog; Some places in the north are also called "Chai Gou". Because of the cold climate in the north, dogs usually nest near firewood stoves or woodpiles. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai in the east are generally called "grass dogs" because local farmers always keep one or two such dogs as housekeepers, and the main activities during the day are named after grasslands and other places.
The definition of local dog refers to a special breed of dog in a certain area, which is suitable for the local climate characteristics and easier to live independently than other dogs. For example, in western Europe, Labrador is often called a local dog, and the Nordic or Alaskan sled dog is a local dog. China's native dogs, also known as "China Garden Dogs", are common throughout Southeast Asia. Not all China native dogs can be called China garden dogs, such as Chuandong dogs and Si Xia dogs. China garden dogs have not been recognized by the World Federation of Dog Industry (fci).
2 morphological characteristics
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The appearance of China garden dogs.
The appearance of China garden dogs (32 photos)
There are also slight morphological differences among China garden dogs in different areas, but they all have the same main characteristics. Some friends think that garden dogs vary greatly from place to place, and their free reproduction is unstable and seems to have no characteristics. In fact, as long as you observe them carefully, you can still find their sexual characteristics. When you recognize a so-called "local dog" casually, you can already distinguish garden dogs by their characteristics, but most people don't extract the characteristics of these garden dogs. Just like the individual difference of Tibetan mastiff is very big, some people say that the Tibetan mastiff gene is unstable, but when you see a Tibetan mastiff, you can easily tell that it is a Tibetan mastiff, which means that its * * * is greater than the individual difference, and so is the pastoral dog in China.
Head: the head features are closer to the appearance of its ancestor wolf, with a pointed mouth, a short mouth and a flat forehead.
Ear flower: The ear position is high, the ear is small and upright or semi-upright, and the semi-upright ear is semi-drooping in front of the head. (unlike some other breeds, the ears are very big and all collapse to the sides of the head)
Tail bar: the tail is upturned, especially when walking, which is very high, mainly the money tail and sickle tail. (obviously different from the straight and drooping tail of most western varieties)
Hind legs: when standing still, the hind legs are obviously straight and perpendicular to the ground, and the ankle joints are not obviously bent. (especially compared with the curved hind ankle of most western breeds)
Hair: Medium hair is dominant, thick hair, easy to keep clean. The colors are yellow, white, black and variegated.
Body type: symmetrical and compact; Medium build, the ratio of body length to shoulder height is about 1: 1, and the hind legs are straight and almost perpendicular to the ground, making the whole body square.
3 living habits
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trend
China rural dog
China rural dog
Gentle personality, not easy to take the initiative to attack humans, able to live in groups, strong regional, easy to raise, high loyalty, not easy to get skin diseases. Widely used in rural guarding homes and early hunting.
adaptability
China Garden Dog is our native dog in China. As the name implies, Chinese garden dog refers to a special breed of dog in a certain area, which is suitable for the local climate and easier to live independently than other breeds. China garden dogs are common throughout Southeast Asia. There are few purebred China garden dogs in China.
Four historical sources
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The ancestors of China garden dogs, like other dog breeds, originated from wolves in Southeast Asia, while China native dogs are closer to the appearance of wolves, with short mouths and flat foreheads. It has a wide geographical distribution,
China rural dog
China Garden Dogs (2 dogs)
People are mainly grain, so it has the characteristics of medium size, moderate hair length, weak carnivorous, miscellaneous eating habits, rough and not delicate.
As for the origin of Chinese garden dogs, it should be that Han people migrated from the middle, upper and northern parts of the Yellow River to all parts of China. China's garden dogs are distributed in the north and south, but whether it is cold in the north or hot in the south, garden dogs have beautiful long hair and big curly tail, which is the characteristic of northern breeds.
5 distribution range
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China's pastoral dogs are mainly distributed in the south of the Great Wall.
Distribution range of garden dogs in China
Distribution range of garden dogs in China
East of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the low-altitude Han nationality gathering place centered on the Central Plains is the product of thousands of years of farming society of Han nationality in China. This distribution definition is very important, which makes it clear that the living environment of China Garden Dog is a low-altitude agricultural social area with a warm environment.
Of course, with the continuous migration of Han nationality for thousands of years, the distribution of China pastoral dogs is also expanding. For example, in the northeast, due to the migration of Han nationality, many garden dogs have appeared in rural areas, some of which have crossed with dogs from other regions to form new breeds. However, one thing is certain: China Pastoral Dog is the product of China Central Plains farming society.
6 subspecies distribution
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China garden dogs are widely distributed in rural areas of Han nationality in China, and many different breeds and subspecies have been formed due to factors such as region, environment and consanguinity. From the analysis of the dog's appearance characteristics and distribution area, China pastoral dogs can be roughly divided into three major strains, namely, northern strain, Jiangsu and Zhejiang strain and Guangdong and Guangxi strain.
Note: The three strains are the result of macroscopic analysis, and there must be some unique subspecies in many small places. There is still a large part of the boundary between the distribution areas of these three strains, and the dogs here also appear as transitional breeds. The distribution area of the three varieties is triangular, with a large blank area in the middle, mainly distributed in Hubei and Hunan. Whether the pastoral dogs in this area are independent or transitional needs further research and demonstration.
Northern strain
Northern dog with folded ears
Northern dog with folded ears
From the northeast to the Yellow River basin, the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (excluding ethnic minority areas), it is diagonally distributed from northeast to southwest. Although the environment in this large area is very different, especially the different climate in the north and south, which leads to different individual sizes and different fur quality, the dog breeds in this area are very similar in appearance. For example, the stupid dog commonly known in Northeast China is almost identical to the local dog in Sichuan in appearance except that the individual in Northeast China is bigger and the thick hair is more cold-resistant. Sichuan local dogs are small in size. In order to adapt to the humid climate in the south, their fur is thick and sparse. Interestingly, the distribution area of this strain coincides with that of the Han language family in northern China.
Its characteristics are: more miscellaneous hair, less single-color and solid-color dogs, mainly ear collapse before (the so-called "front ear collapse" means that when the ear is placed on the top of the head, the ear naturally droops to the front of the head when it is relaxed), often with long hair and large curly tail, which retains the characteristics of more northern dog breeds.
The dog with folded ears is a good watchdog with a dignified face. [3]
Jiangsu and Zhejiang strains:
Sugou
Sugou
Mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui, the dog breeds in this area are characterized by long and upright ears, high ear position, full inner ear hair, slender mouth and limbs, mostly white abdominal hair, few dogs with miscellaneous hair, medium long hair and close-fitting.
Dogs in this area are very similar to Japanese and Korean dogs, which may be closely related to the frequent foreign exchanges in the East China Sea of ancient China. It is not only the spread of China culture to the outside world, but also the spread of various products from China, including livestock and dogs, to these places. [3]
Guangdong and Guangxi strains
The distribution area is centered on Guangdong, including parts of Guangxi and Fujian. The dog breeds in this area are also the most famous, and many excellent dog breeds originated here, such as Shapi, Chaoshan Datou,
Guangxi dog
Guangxi dog
Guangdong Songshi has a lot to do with the unique dog culture in Guangdong and Guangxi. These excellent dog breeds also have deep roots with local garden dogs, and they all have more or less similar blood sources and appearance characteristics.
In addition to these breeds, we only look at garden dogs, which are characterized by: solid color and monochromatic color, and few dogs with miscellaneous hair; Because of the hot climate, dogs are mainly short-haired, but there are also some dogs with particularly long and thick hair; The ears are small and erect, the tongue is usually black or flowery, and the body is strong and muscular. Due to the above appearance characteristics, and a large number of Guangdong pine lions are distributed in this area, it is suspected that dogs in Guangdong and Guangxi are greatly influenced by the pedigree of pine lions. Guangxi dogs, Guangxi native dogs, pack hounds, vertical ears, flowered tongue or black tongue. It is often used to hunt wild boar. [4]
7 species identification
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When distinguishing China garden dogs from other breeds, we should combine the living environment of regional nationalities.
China rural dog
China Garden Dogs (3)
And local culture. For example, a friend mentioned that Liangshan dog should be regarded as a Chinese garden dog, but Liangshan dog is a breed of high-altitude cold minority areas. Although it is similar in size to a garden dog, it is a more acceptable breed for Tibetan dogs in terms of wildness, fur and head shape. Especially the long-haired Liangshan dog looks like a Tibetan dog. Its forehead is wide, its ears are low, its ears are big, and it collapses completely. In our eyes, it is difficult to see a "native dog" (China garden dog) with flat forehead, high ears and small ears, which is upright or semi-upright (semi-drooping), so Liangshan should not be regarded as one of China garden dogs.
Chuandong Hound and Xiasi Dog are two famous dog breeds in China. Compared with most garden dogs, they are very different in physical appearance and should belong to minority dogs. The East Sichuan hound may belong to Cubans, and the lower dogs belong to Miao, so neither should be classified as China garden dogs. Some people say that Hubei Arrow-Haired Dog is very similar to Taiwan Province Native Dog, but careful observation reveals that it is closer to East Sichuan Hound, and many physical features are very similar to East Sichuan Hound, especially it has the same bamboo shoots and tail as East Sichuan Hound, which is invisible to other dog breeds. There are bearded dogs in Hunan, which should belong to the same strain as inferior dogs, so Hubei Arrow Hair and Bearded Dogs are not among the garden dogs in China.
8 historical records
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Qiu Guan recorded three kinds of dogs in Zhou Li.
China rural dog
China Garden Dogs (3)
One wild dog, two barking dogs and three eating dogs. It can be seen that in ancient China, the classification of dogs was mostly based on function, not on the appearance of dogs. Because of different abilities, the dog that can hunt best becomes a wild dog, and the barking dog that can't hunt but is fierce becomes a watchdog. If it doesn't work, it can only be eaten by people. This kind of artificial screening method makes the common dog breeds in China have no fixed pedigree.
The neglect of dogs in China's traditional culture, which is dominated by the Han nationality, and the neglect of dogs in dog culture in modern society make the dog breeds that have been running on the land of China for more than 5,000 years not even have a decent name, and they are called local dogs by the people. But "local dog" literally means "local dog" and can't be used as the name of the dog, so there is the name and concept of today's "Chinese Garden Dog".
9 mode of purchase
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What will happen to puppies when they grow up? [5] It is difficult for ordinary people to predict. Therefore, choosing a dog that suits you may be like gambling.
China rural dog
China Garden Dogs (2 dogs)
Bo is as pure as luck. So some people will simply choose famous dogs to raise, but the dragon has nine children and they are different, so it is difficult to choose dogs. But it's hard to decide how to choose. Some people just want to pick one at random. What will happen?
When we see a litter of puppies, if we find that they look roughly the same, of course, the guy who automatically comes over and shakes his head and licks his feet is our favorite. But if you choose, you may find it difficult to treat in the future, which will make you feel at a loss as a new dog owner. On the contrary, the shy ghost who hides behind at first may be a good companion for those who value a quiet life, although most of them are disliked.
In addition, time also affects the choice of puppies. For example, after a full meal, the strongest often eat the most, and naturally feel sleepy after eating, ignoring you; On the contrary, it is often those little guys who are soft-headed, can't beat others and don't have enough to eat. Experienced breeders can observe the behavior of puppies when they are only a few months old and evaluate their general character, but this is not an objective standard test, which is suitable for all dogs, or for everyone's reference. Based on years of research results, a group of British experts designed a set of "puppy test" method, which was applied to seven-week-old puppies and proved to be very effective. It can be used as a more objective reference, perhaps in the future. The exam lasts half an hour. The way is to take the puppy to a strange and quiet place where no one will be distracted when it is most active. The test includes 1 1 items, and the score of each item ranges from 1 to 6:
Social ability: the tester kneels in front of the puppy for a distance and asks the puppy to come over. If the dog's tail is hard and straight, it must be a confident and sociable dog. As for dogs with independent personality, it may not matter; Timid puppies may come, but they will hesitate and hang their tails.
Follow-up: the tester first stands up and walks slowly, attracting the puppy to follow him, and will take the initiative to follow the puppy with confidence; The strong will run forward or fall; Timid people will hesitate but stop, while independent people will go elsewhere.
Repression: Turn the puppy to the ground, put one hand on its chest, and use a little force to limit its movement.
China rural dog
China Garden Dogs (4 dogs)
Look it in the eye for half a minute. At this time, the strong will work hard and their eyes will not be afraid. Weak and timid people will yield and wander. This test is extremely important. The strongest puppy is only suitable for experienced people.
Tolerance: Immediately after the suppression test, put the puppy in front of you, gently touch its whole body, talk to it gently, let it lick the tester's face, and then lean down. It is more difficult to train a dog that has not forgotten to be suppressed just now.
Improvement: hold the puppy in your arms and put it on your chest and stand up for half a minute; The purpose is to test how it responds in an uncontrollable environment. If you can relax a puppy in your arms, it will be easier to adapt to a strange environment when you grow up. On the contrary, struggling puppies will be unwilling to accept human domination when they grow up.
Retrieve: Knead a piece of paper into a ball and throw it a few feet in front of the puppy. Usually, its response will be:
(1) ran to the paper ball, picked it up and walked back with the encouragement of the tester. This will be a good dog that is easy to train.
(2) Dogs are not interested in paper balls or even walk away, and their training level is low.
(3) Holding a paper ball and going to the corner to bite and play alone, this independent dog needs an experienced trainer in the future. This test is of course very important when choosing a working dog, and it is also useful to test whether it is friendly to humans.
The last two scores are based on the stability and vitality of the puppy and its performance in the above tests. For each event, the score is from one to six, and the strongest one gets one point; On the contrary, the most cowardly person got six points.
If the puppy gets a point in every exam, of course it is very few. It is very dominant and even aggressive, so it is not an ideal family pet dog. The puppies with the highest score of two points in each center also have strong dominance, but they can become excellent companions and excellent working dogs after proper training. The dog with the most three points is lively and outgoing, and must be an excellent dog who obeys training. It is most suitable for people who have a dog for the first time, but the puppies with the largest number of quarters get along very well with people, especially children, and are the best choice for family pet dogs. Dogs with the highest score of five are more sensitive and lack self-confidence. For elderly couples who are not demanding, like to live quietly or keep dogs just for companionship, they are quite good companions next to LeNing chair.
Touch: Hold the webbed skin between the middle toes of the puppy's front foot with your thumb and forefinger, and count from one to ten in your mouth, and gradually increase the strength of your fingers accordingly; If the puppy has struggled hard at first, it will be overly sensitive to the head circle, restraint and training in the future; Dogs struggling at the highest intensity need tough trainers.
Hearing: Before hiding in a corner, make a loud sound from the sound generator-usually a metal cover or something. After making a sound, the puppy will be frightened and panicked. If it doesn't respond, it should be taken to the vet immediately to check if it is deaf. If the puppy can recover quickly and investigate the source of the sound, it is a dog with excellent grid sensitivity. Dogs with lingering fear and distant sound sources may not be suitable for noisy families.
Vision: choose some strips of cloth to wave in front of the puppy, and the confident puppy will quietly study what it is; Brave people will try to bite it; As for cowards, they have gone into hiding.
10 training method
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[5] Training is not equal to reprimanding. This is very important. In human society, it is easy for children to be rebellious by reprimanding them, not to mention China garden dogs who can't talk to others. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the effect of training China garden dogs only by reprimanding, and it will go to the other extreme, making China garden dogs untrustworthy.
Some people think that oral lessons are not as effective as corporal punishment. Therefore, when the Chinese garden dog is disobedient, kick it or hit it. In this way, for garden dogs in China, it is equivalent to threatening their life safety, so they were born.
China rural dog
China Garden Dogs (2 dogs)
Gave birth to a rebellious heart. In this way, the original training purpose is lost. Although Chinese garden dogs are smart animals, they can't be learned immediately after being taught once. But to teach patiently over and over again. A series of bad behaviors such as reprimand and corporal punishment should be put an end to. Those who are good at training China garden dogs often make China garden dogs understand that being with their owners is the happiest and safest.
In order not to confuse China's garden dog with his family's orders, or feel uneasy about the rules, the whole family should agree.
1 1 disease diagnosis
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Authentic farm dog
Authentic farm dog
Because of the special culture of the Han nationality, the garden dogs in China have been neglected, and almost all of them have been naturally selected and bred freely for a long time. Due to special historical and cultural factors, the number of garden dogs in China is decreasing sharply. Due to the introduction of a large number of foreign dog breeds, the gorgeous appearance and precious pedigree of foreign dog breeds make the situation of China garden dogs even worse. Moreover, the free-range of exotic species leads to its hybridization with free-range garden dogs, which also threatens the purebred nature of China garden dogs.
Puppy diagnosis I
1, mental state:
Healthy dogs are lively and lovely, full of energy, flexible in action, full of eyes and ears that often turn with the sound. Even when they sleep, they always stay alert. When they hear the slightest movement, they pricked up their ears and stared at the direction of the movement, showing a very clever mental state.
If the dog's eyes are dull or half closed, he is unwilling to move, likes to lie still, his ears are slow or unresponsive to external stimuli, his expression is indifferent, and he is even in a lethargic state, which is called mental depression or coma. Some sick dogs are emotional, running around indoors and outdoors, terrified, screaming loudly, often walking around aimlessly, turning around and even biting all kinds of things. This mental state is called mental excitement or mania. The above two mental states are abnormal mental manifestations.
2. Nutritional status:
Judging the nutritional status of dogs,
China rural dog
China rural dog
Mainly observe fat and coat. A healthy dog should be moderately fat and thin, with plump muscles and smooth and shiny fur, which makes people feel comfortable after reading it. If the dog's body is thin, its muscles are weak, its coat is rough and dull, and its tail hair is lodging, it is often the manifestation of parasitic diseases, skin diseases, chronic digestive diseases or some infectious diseases.
3. Attitude:
When a dog is standing or walking, its limbs are restrained and it is afraid to carry heavy loads. When standing or walking, it shows that its limbs are weak, indicating that its limbs are abnormal. If the dog is curled up when lying down, with his head under his abdomen or lying in an unnatural posture, turning over from time to time means abdominal pain.
4. Body temperature:
China rural dog
China rural dog
Under normal living conditions, the body temperature of healthy dogs is kept within a certain range, usually low in the morning and slightly high in the afternoon, and the temperature difference between day and night is generally not more than 1℃. If it exceeds 1 or is low in the morning and afternoon, it indicates that the body temperature is abnormal. The normal temperature of healthy dogs is 38.5 ~ 39℃ for puppies and 37.5 ~ 38.5℃ for adult dogs. A simple way to judge a dog's fever is to analyze the root of his nose and ears and his mental state. The nose of a normal dog is cold and moist, and the skin temperature of the ear root is the same as that of other parts. If the dog's nose (nasal mirror) is dry and hot, the skin temperature at the root of the ear is higher than other parts, and the dog is listless, has poor appetite and is thirsty, indicating that the dog's body temperature is high. In most infectious diseases, inflammation of respiratory tract, digestive tract and other organs, heatstroke, heatstroke and body temperature rise. In the case of poisoning, severe failure, malnutrition and anemia, the body temperature often drops.
The most accurate way to measure body temperature is to use a thermometer. When measuring the temperature, throw the mercury column of the thermometer below 35℃, wipe it with an alcohol cotton ball for disinfection, and apply a small amount of lubricant (liquid paraffin). The dog will be properly guarded by the assistant, and the thermometer will slightly raise its tail and slowly insert the thermometer into the anus. In order to prevent the thermometer from falling off after insertion, it can be taken out in about 3 minutes and read the degree. When the dog is excited, nervous and exercising, the rectal temperature can increase slightly.
Puppy diagnosis II
(1) Respiratory condition: The dog must be observed in a quiet state. Check the breathing state, including the number of breaths, the way of breathing and whether it is difficult to breathe.
(1) Breathing times: generally, according to the fluctuation of the chest and abdomen, it is 1 breath. Cold season can also be measured according to exhaled airflow. The respiratory rate of healthy dogs is 15 ~ 30 times per minute. Breathing times are often influenced by some physiological factors and external conditions, such as puppies are slightly more than adult dogs, pregnant dogs are more than non-pregnant bitches, and can be increased many times especially when exercising or excited. In addition, the change of temperature and season will also affect the change of breathing times.
(2) Breathing mode: The normal breathing mode of dogs is chest breathing. If the abdominal wall movement is more obvious than the chest wall movement during breathing (abdominal breathing) or the chest wall and abdominal wall movement are carried out at the same time (thoracoabdominal breathing), it indicates that there is a disease in the chest or abdomen, such as pleurisy, pleural effusion or rib fracture.
(3) Respiratory rhythm: It is also important to check the respiratory rhythm of dogs for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. The normal breathing of healthy dogs is an accurate and rhythmic alternating movement, that is, inhalation is followed by exhalation, and after each breath, the next breath is repeated after a short interval, which is very regular, so it is called rhythmic breathing. Rhythm disorder is an abnormal phenomenon. However, the respiratory rhythm of healthy dogs can be temporarily changed by excitement, exercise, fear, screaming and sniffing, which should be distinguished from pathological changes. Pain, hypoxia, nervous excitement and lung parenchymal lesions can all cause the pathological frequency to increase. Toxic coma, reduced frequency. In encephalitis and toxemia, the frequency is fast and slow (tidal breathing).
When the sick dog breathes, its mouth is open, its head and neck are straight, its ribs move up and its elbows expand outward, which is caused by airway obstruction. If the sick dog's breathing becomes shallow and the number of breaths increases, it means that the lungs cannot be completely expanded, which is common in rib fracture, pneumonia, pneumothorax or pleurisy. When the respiratory tract is compressed by foreign bodies or tumors, it can also be manifested as dyspnea.
(2) Nasal secretion: There is almost no secretion in the nasal cavity of healthy dogs. When dogs catch a cold or have respiratory tract inflammation, secretions often flow out of their nostrils. The nature of secretion is serous (clearing nose) and mucinous. When there is suppurative inflammation, nasal secretions can be purulent (purulent snot) or mixed with blood or tiny foam. Secretion often varies with the degree of inflammation. Sometimes I can't see my nose. It may have been licked or wiped off by the dog. But when I was seriously ill, I stopped licking my nostrils.