First, the requirements of cherry cultivation on the environment
1, temperature
Cherry is a warm tree species, which is suitable for cultivation in areas with annual average temperature 10- 12℃. The number of days when the annual average temperature between China and Japan in this area is higher than 150-200℃ is 10℃. Cherry trees are vulnerable to freezing injury. When the temperature is below minus 20℃, both flower buds and leaf buds will suffer from freezing injury.
Cherry flowering period is particularly intolerant of low temperature, so pay attention to early spring frost. The temperature affected by frost is -2.8~- 1.7℃ in early spring and-2.1~1℃ in flowering period. One of the main reasons for the low yield of cherry is that the frost in early spring affects the normal flowering and pollination.
Cherry is not only intolerant of low temperature, but also intolerant of high temperature when the fruit is ripe. If the temperature is too high, the cherry will appear false ripening, which we call "high temperature ripening", resulting in small fruit size and poor quality.
In short, the most suitable place for sweet cherry growth is that there is no severe cold in winter, no heat in summer and the temperature returns slowly in spring. At present, it is planted in Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula, Hebei and parts of Beijing, but less in other places.
Step 2: Moisture
Cherry trees are neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant, so they should be watered and drained in time. The specific methods are as follows: water twice before flowering in early March to meet the needs of germination, leaf spreading, flowering and fruit setting. After the fruit is seated, it should be watered with small water. The standard of watering amount is that the water can pass first, so as not to crack the fruit. Fertilize and water in time after picking to ensure the recovery of the tree.
3. Land
Sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil layer, good air permeability and neutral or slightly acidic soil layer is especially suitable for the growth of cherry trees. The plots where cherries are planted should be easily irrigated and drained in time when it rains heavily.
Second, cherries are hard to bear fruit.
The self-pollination rate of cherry is very low. Self-pollination here refers to the pollination of the same variety of cherries, which means that the pollination rate between different varieties of cherries is better. Therefore, pollination trees must be arranged when planting cherries, otherwise there will be little or no fruit. About how to choose pollination trees, we can follow the table below.
Of course, in order to improve the fruit-setting rate of cherries, we can also take some other cultivation measures, such as bumblebee pollination or artificial pollination, and cover them with simple greenhouses during the flowering period of cherries to protect them from freezing injury, rain, dry and hot wind and so on.
Third, there are many pests and diseases in cherry trees.
The main pests are red spider, blind stinkbug, liriomyza sativae, tetranychus urticae, etc.
The main diseases are gummosis, nodule disease, leaf spot disease and sooty blotch. The main control method is to spray a mixture of sulfur and stone before cherry trees germinate, and spray Bordeaux mixture at least twice in rainy season.